Foni ya m'manja "Iridium", "Thuraya": ndondomeko ndi ndemanga

Kukhazikitsidwa kwa lingaliro la kulenga mauthenga olankhulana ndi munthu aliyense kumapereka mwayi wopereka mauthenga osiyanasiyana pansi pa mawu akuti "kulikonse, nthawi iliyonse" kudzera mu chiwerengero chokha cha olembetsa. Ntchitoyi ikuchitika pogwiritsa ntchito mgwirizanowu padziko lonse lapansi, womwe ulipo komanso wogwirizanitsa mauthenga omwe alipo, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamtunda ndi ma satellesi. Monga gawo la mgwirizanowu, foni ya satellita imakhala ndi malo apadera, chifukwa imapereka gawo lonse lofalitsa.

Kulumikizana ndi malo

Kumvetsetsa kwa anthu ambiri, mauthenga a satanala ndi chinachake chosiyana ndi mafilimu ambiri a James Bond. Ndipotu, pali anthu mamiliyoni ambiri padziko lapansi omwe amafunikira foni ya m'manja ya maola 24 pa tsiku, masiku 365 pachaka, kulikonse padziko lapansi. Monga lamulo, olembetsa makampani ambiri omwe amapereka malo oyankhulana ndi anthu amalonda, antchito akuluakulu a makampani akuluakulu, makoma a boma, akatswiri a sayansi ya nthaka, ochita kafukufuku, oyendayenda, komanso omwe sakhala anthu wamba omwe amakhala kumadera akutali.

Machitidwe a mauthenga a pa satana (SPSS)

Kuchokera mu 1985, International Telecommunication Union yakhala ikukonzekera lingaliro la kulumikizana kwa mayiko ndi panthawi imodzimodziyo kupanga chiyanjano padziko lonse lapansi. Patatha zaka khumi, ku Buenos Aires, msonkhano wapadera wa padziko lapansi unachitikira, pomwe pazimene zida zogwirira ntchito padziko lapansi zinayesedwa. Icho chimapangidwa ndi dongosolo limodzi lomwe limagwirizanitsa lotchedwa "telefoni yaumwini - mauthenga apakompyuta - mauthenga apansi".

Pofuna kuthetsa mavuto a kulumikizana kwa mayiko ndi kuyankhulana kwa anthu, machitidwe a SPS akuimira njira yokhayo yothetsera vuto lofikira ku malo ovuta, omwe ali kutali komanso ochepa kwambiri padziko lapansi.

Ntchito zazikulu za polojekitiyi

• Kugwirizanitsa maiko a kulankhulana - kupereka mauthenga oyankhulana mosasamala malo a wogwiritsa ntchito.
• Kuyanjanitsa kulankhulana - kubweretsa misonkhano kwa ogwiritsira ntchito omwe akufuna kulandira thandizo.
• Malo ogwiritsira ntchito (foni ya satana, mafoni owonetsera deta) - ogwiritsa ntchito ali ndi njira yolankhulirana ndi nambala yaumwini.
• Ntchito zogwiritsa ntchito kwa anthu ogwiritsa ntchito.
• Utumiki waumwini - kwa magulu ena a ogwiritsa ntchito.

Chiwerengero cha machitidwe olankhulana

Pali machitidwe apakompyuta othamanga kwambiri.

• Low speed : Iridium, Globalstar, ICO, Odyssey, "Signal", ECCO, "Rostele-sat", Ellipse, Archimedes, "Polar Star" ndi ena. Zambiri zamaperekedwe: telephony, fax, transmission data. Pakali pano, kutumizira kwachangu kwadzidzidzi kumakwaniritsidwanso. Mwachitsanzo, laibulale yamakono yowonjezera "Iridium" imapereka mawu otetezeka komanso mawu ogwirizana.
• Kuthamanga kwambiri : Celestri, Spaceway, Skybridge, Teledesic, Secoms ndi ena. Amagwiritsa ntchito mautumiki osiyanasiyana omwe amagwiritsa ntchito padziko lapansi monga maulendo apamwamba kwambiri a intaneti, ogwiritsira ntchito kutalika ku mazithunzi, makina apamwamba a telefoni ndi mauthenga a msonkhano, mauthenga a multimedia pogwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana zothetsera mauthenga, kuphatikizapo zofunikira, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa anthu osiyanasiyana.

Iridium "Project"

Kubwerera mu 1987, nthawi yayitali isanafike msonkhano wa padziko lonse wa ITU, Motorola inakhazikitsa polojekiti yolumikizana padziko lonse, yomwe ilipo pafupi ndi koloko, kulikonse padziko lapansi. Ntchitoyi inatchedwa Iridium. Poyambirira, zinakonzedwa kuyika 77 ndege (SC) muzitali zozungulira, koma pambuyo poyambiranso chiwerengero cha satellites chinachepetsedwa kufika 66.

Pochita ntchitoyi mu 1993, Iridium Inc (Washington) inakhazikitsidwa. Chikhalidwe cha ufulu wa osunga ndalama chinali ndi makampani: Motorola, Lockheed Martin, Nippon, Raytheon, Sprint Corp. Ndipo nthumwi ena khumi ndi awiri. Pa mbali ya Russia, wogulitsa ($ 82 miliyoni, magawo asanu mwa magawo asanu) anali kampani yopambana ya rocket ndi space ya Russia, GKNPTS im. Khrunichev. Anagwirizananso ndi Motorola kuyambitsa ndege ya Iridium ndi PH Proton. Kuitana koyamba kupyolera mu foni ya satana kunapangidwa m'chilimwe cha 1997.

Kufa ndi kubalanso

Gulu lalikulu la ma satellite linayambika mu 1997-98, ndipo kuyamba kwa malonda akuyendetsedwa pa September 23, 1998. Komabe, umbombo (ndalama zopanda malire kwambiri) a mameneja chaka chinawatsogolera ku banki ya polojekitiyo. Pamsonkhanowo, "Motorola" idayankhidwa chifukwa cha kuchoka ku maulendo a satellites, omwe amafuna $ 40 miliyoni.

Mwamwayi, padalipo mabanki omwe amakhulupirira kuti polojekiti ikugwira ntchito bwino. Yakhazikitsidwa mu 2000, Iridium Satellite LLC inagulitsanso chuma cha mamiliyoni 25, ndipo, atalandira malamulo ochokera ku US Department of Defense, adayambanso ntchito yogulitsa malonda a satana. Mu 2009, kukonzanso kwina kunali kofunika - wosuta wotsiriza anali Iridium Communications Inc.

Mkhalidwe wamakono

Tsopano "Iridium" ndi ntchito yopambana ndi olembetsa oposa theka la milioni. Zina mwazo - ziwonetsero zopambana kwambiri padziko lapansi, atsogoleri a makampani akuluakulu, maofesi a boma ochokera m'mayiko osiyanasiyana, ogwira ntchito zogulitsa, zomangamanga, makampani oyendetsa migodi, mautumiki odzidzimutsa ndi magulu ena. Momwemo, foni ya satana "Iridium" yokhala ndi mapulogalamu angagulidwe ndi aliyense.

Zida

Iridium Communications mwiniwakeyo imapanga zipangizo zambiri za mauthenga othamanga kwambiri komanso mauthenga. Kwa makasitomala amapezeka ngati "otchipa", ndi mafoni a satellite otchuka, opangidwa mu malo otetezedwa. Zotchuka kwambiri ndi zitsanzo za Iridium 9505A, 9555 ndi Extreme (9575). Kupeza intaneti kumaperekedwa ndi modems 9522A, 9522B ndi 9602, ndi kusinthana kwachinsinsi kwa zida za M2M - zida Iridium 9601 ndi 9602.

Kuteteza zipangizo zamagetsi kuli ndi mawonedwe a monochrome. Ma telefoni ali ndi chitetezo chokwanira ku zotsatira, chinyezi, fumbi, kusinthasintha kwa kutentha. Njira yatsopano ndiyo Iridium Extreme (9575). Ichi ndi chipangizo chowoneka bwino poyerekeza ndi oyambirira ake ndi ofanana nawo ochita mpikisano. Foni imagwira ntchito paliponse pa Earth ndipo imapereka mawu odalirika, deta ndi GPS. Iridium 9575 imagwirizanitsa ntchito za Iridium 9555 ndi satana GPS tracker Shout Nano. Chitsanzocho chili ndi zotsatirazi:

• Chitetezo pa dothi, kuthamanga, mantha, madzi (IP65, MIL-STD 810F).
• Wogwiritsidwa ntchito GPS-navigator.
• Pulogalamu ya SOS yosinthidwa.
• Makina opanga ma radio, omwe amathandizira kufufuza panyanja.

Mitundu ya mautumiki

Mchitidwe wa Iridium umapereka olembetsa ndi zotsatirazi:

• Kulankhulana kwa kulankhula. M'chidule cholankhulira, chidziwitso chogwirizana ndi VSELP (vector-sum predicted linear prediction) chikugwiritsidwa ntchito. Liwiro la kutumizira mawu ndi 2.4 kbps. Nthawi yokambirana ndi masekondi 30. (Popanda kusokoneza kuyankhulana) adzapatsidwa mwayi wokwanira 98%.
• Kutumizira deta. Kutumiza kwachinyengo ndi kutalika kwa uthenga wautali kumachitika. N'zotheka kutumiza mauthenga achidule omwe amadziwitsa malo ndi udindo wa wolembetsa.
• Sungani mauthenga . Wogwira ntchitoyo amatha kulandira ndi kusunga mauthenga pamakumbukiro, omwe olemba nawo angayang'ane mwa kupukuta uthenga pawindo.
• Vuto laumwini.
• Sankhani malo.

Ntchito ya Thuraya

Mosiyana ndi gulu lonse la "Iridium", "Turaya" ndi ntchito yapadera, yomwe ikugwira ntchito makamaka ku Ulaya. Ngati Motorola ndi mabwenzi ake adayambitsa ma satellites 66, polojekiti ya ku Ulaya ikukhutira ndi zitatu, imayimitsidwa pazitsulo zamagetsi. Komabe, foni ya m'manja yomwe imagwirizanitsidwa ndi Thuraya (kuchokera ku gulu la Arabia la Pleiades) idzatha kulandira / kutumiza ku Australia, Africa, ndi Central Asia. Kuti agwiritse ntchito intaneti, chizindikiro chosiyana chinapangidwa - ThurayaDSL.

Ziwerengero

Kampani ina yolembedwera ku UAE imapanga bizinesi yopindulitsa. Ali ndi olemba makina 300,000 omwe amalandira ndalama zokhazokha, mu 2006 adadutsa $ 80 miliyoni. Poyerekezera: 2005 kampaniyo inatha ndi $ 26 miliyoni.

Zida

Ngati mukuyerekezera zipangizo "Iridium" ndi "Thuraya", mwachitsanzo, mafoni a satana, zithunzi zikuwonetsa zosiyana zawo ndi zakunja. Mankhwala ambiri a Thuraya ali ndi ziwalo zomangika (retractable), pamene chizindikiritsocho sichikhazikika pa gawo lotetezedwa ndi satana (ichi chikudziwika mu ndemanga zogwiritsa ntchito).

Kunja, foni yamtundu wakuti "Thuraya" ikufanana ndi "mafakitale" a m'ma 2000s: ang'ono poyerekeza ndi mpikisano maonekedwe a thupi, zojambulajambula, zojambula zamakono kapena zochepa. Pankhaniyi, zipangizozo zili ndi digirii yofunikira yotetezera. Koma, chofunikira kwambiri, zipangizozi zili ndi GSM-module, yomwe ili, kumalo olankhulana ndi mafoni, ndi opereka chithandizo omwe kampani ya Aarabu inalowa mgwirizano, foni imagwira ntchito ngati foni yam'manja. Ngati palibe kugwirizana kwa GSM, imangodzigwirizanitsa ndi ma satellites.

Ntchito yogwiritsira ntchito zipangizozo ndi zofanana ndi mafoni a m'manja: Masewera olimbitsa thupi, masewera a Java ndi mapulogalamu, kusintha kwa deta, USB-mawonekedwe. Kuchokera ku ntchito "akulu" - mawonekedwe apamwamba a GPS.

Thuraya XT Satellite Phone

Ndicho chiwerengero cha kampani "Turaya", yomwe inakhala yoyamba pakati pofanana ndi chitetezo chowonjezeka ku fumbi, zinthu zovulaza ndi chinyezi, class IP54 / IK03. Thupi lopanda mphamvu la polycarbonate, monga momwe tawonera mu ndemanga, limatsutsana ndi madontho aakulu ndi kuzunzidwa. Kuwonjezera kwina kumalo ovuta kumaperekedwa ndi mpweya wa mphira ndi aluminiyamu.

Mafotokozedwe:

• Maonekedwe a mtundu wa masentimita 262000K masentimita awiri ndipo ali ndi chigamulo cha pixel 176x220.
• Kutumiza mafakitale ndi deta ndizotheka ponseponse kudzera pamsewu wothamanga (wotsika kwambiri, pamtunda wa 9.6 kbps), ndi GmPRS (kubwerera - 15 kbps, kulandira - mpaka 60 kbps).
• Sankhani zolemba GPS ndi kuwerenga khumi kotsiriza.
• USB, chida chogwiritsira ntchito pa headphones (3.5 mm), kuwala kwa mphamvu.
• Maulendo a SAT: "kumwamba / dziko" - 1525/1559 MHz, "dziko lapansi / kumwamba" - 1626.5 / 1660.5 MHz.
• Miyeso (m'lifupi / msinkhu / makulidwe): 53/128 / 26.5 mm. Kulemera - 193 g.

Mapulogalamu

• Kulankhulana kwa mauthenga ndi ma SMS kudzera pa matelefoni.
• Sungani ndi intaneti pa mafoni.
• ThurayaIP ikulolani kuti mutumize deta pa liwiro la 444 kbit / s ku malo apadera.
• Kusankha kwa makonzedwe a GPS.
• Thandizo lachangu ladzidzidzi.
• Mauthenga a mauthenga, WAP, mafoni akuphonya, kuyitana, kubwerera, nkhani ndi zina.

Kutsiliza

Makampani "Iridium" ndi "Thuraya" pakupereka maofesi omwe akuoneka ngati ofanana ndi satana amakhala ndi lingaliro losiyana kwambiri ndi ntchito. Ngati kumpoto kwa America kumapanga gulu lochititsa chidwi la ma satellite, ndiye kuti azimayi a Chiarabu ali ndi zitatu, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito polowera. Iridium yosagonjetsedwa ndi yosamvetsetseka kulankhulana padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo khadi la lipenga la Thuraya ndi mafoni amakono komanso omveka omwe angathe kugwira ntchito mu matepi a GSM.