Dziko kutsogolera mafuta kupanga dziko lapansi: Saudi Arabia, Russia, United States

Mafuta - mphamvu yaikulu gwero la dziko lero. Ndi N'zosadabwitsa limatchedwanso golide wakuda. Amene dziko Atsogoleri mafuta mu dziko lero? Izi adzaphunzilanso pa nkhani imeneyi.

zitsime zamafuta Global

Kuti muyankhe funso ili: "Kodi mafuta mayiko sewerolo akupita mu dziko lero", ayenera bwino kusiyanitsa mfundo "mafuta" ndi "mafuta kupanga".

Mu zitsime zamafuta lonse, asayansi amaganiza kuti kuchuluka kwa chuma kuti akhoza yotengedwa kuchokera mkati dziko lapansi pa chitukuko umisiri wamakono. Pali classifications angapo nkhokwe: iwo akhoza kufufuza, ayesedwa, kulonjezedwa prospectively ayesedwa, ndi zina zotero ..

mayunitsi kwa zitsime zamafuta lonse, pali zingapo. Mwachitsanzo, mu Russia ndi UK kuti aone matani gwero ntchito Canada ndi Norway - pa mita kiyubiki, m'mayiko ena ambiri - mbiya.

Total nkhokwe "golide wakuda" mu dziko lero Akuti chithunzi pa matani biliyoni 240. 70% ya nkhokwe dziko wambiri mayiko OPEC - bungwe intergovernmental, kubweretsa pamodzi angapo limati mafuta yotulutsa.

Top asanu mayiko kutsogolera mwa mawu a zitsime zamafuta (as a 2014) ndi motere: Venezuela, Saudi Arabia, Canada, Iran ndi Iraq.

Mayiko kutsogolera mafuta kupanga: pamwamba khumi

Malinga ndi Baibulo lina asayansi, kwa nthawi yoyamba imeneyi gwero mphamvu chachotsedwa pansi pofika m'zaka za m'ma chitatu. Zinachitika ndi Absheron Peninsula. Mayiko akutsogola mafuta sewerolo mu dziko lero?

Mumadziwika wofufuza za mphamvu ya mafuta kupanga dziko VN Shchelkachev anatsindika chaka cha 1979. Isanafike kuti mumve wosaiwalika yopanga gwero izi kawiri khumi zilizonse. Koma pambuyo 1979 ndi mapulaneti mafuta kupanga kukula kugunda mochedwa kwambiri.

Choncho atsogoleri a dziko pa mafuta kupanga chibwenzi (m'mabokosi kuchuluka kwa mafuta kupanga dziko):

• Saudi Arabia (12.9%);
• Russia (12.7);
• USA (12.3);
• China (5.0);
• Canada (5.0);
• Iran (4.0);
• UAE (4.0);
• Iraq (3.8);
• Kuwait (3,6);
• Venezuela (3,3).

Cacikulu, pafupifupi 67% ya mafuta amapangidwa chaka m'mayikowa.

Pali malipoti kuti dziko lonse mafuta sewerolo pa mndandanda pasanapite nthawi swapped. Mu May 2015 ku Russia waphunzira matumbo a dziko lapansi kwa mbiya 500 miliyoni kuposa Saudi Arabia.

Mafuta makampani ku Saudi Arabia

M'mayiko ambiri, kutsogolera limapanga mafuta mu dziko lero zili Middle East. Mmodzi wa iwo ndi Saudi Arabia. Kwa nthawi yoyamba mafuta anatulukira apa mu 1930. Zitachitika izi, boma Arab qualitatively losandulizika.

Today, chuma lonse la Saudi Arabia lolunjika pa katundu wa mphamvu. madipoziti onse "golide wakuda" mu dziko lino akulamuliridwa ndi Saudi Aramco. Mafuta ku msika dziko anabweretsa Saudi Arabia 90% ya revenues okwana! Chotero mkulu mafuta kupanga linapereka kwa chitukuko, ndi mafakitale ena ambiri mu dziko.

The ogula yaikulu ya mafuta Arabia - US, komanso maiko a kum'mawa Asia. Ngakhale kuti Saudi Arabia ndi mtsogoleri mtheradi kupanga mafuta mu dziko, mfundo anthu amoyo mu dziko akadali si mkulu mokwanira.

Features malonda mafuta mu Russia

Russia - dziko wolemera kwambiri mu dziko mu nkhokwe ya mchere zosiyanasiyana. Kuwonjezera mafuta, chifukwa amapangidwa mu lalikulu lonse gasi, malasha ndi zitsulo sanali akakhala.

Mu Russia, ndi "golide wakuda" sikuti ncho, komanso mwachangu kukonzedwa, zipatso zosiyanasiyana katundu mafuta: petulo, mafuta mafuta, dizilo, etc. Komabe, amasokoneza awa akadali si mkulu zokwanira, zomwe ndi vuto lalikulu kwa katundu kwawo kuti msika dziko .. .

M'zaka zaposachedwapa, vuto makampani Russian mafuta bwino penapake. Makamaka, kuchuluka bizinesi (ndalama) mu gawo lino. Pang'onopang'ono kuwonjezera akuya mafuta kuyenga - lero chithunzi mu Russia ndi za 71%.

mafuta kupanga ndi kuyenga mu US

United States of America ndi pakati tidaipanga atatu dziko lonse la mafuta ndi mafuta malonda yosakongola. boma osati zogulitsa kunja kwa "golide wakuda", komanso mwachangu izo zimapangitsa ochokera m'mayiko ena. Amazing mfundo: kudyedwa chaka nthawi 4 zambiri mafuta kuposa ncho mu United States.

1761 - ichi ndi chiwerengero cha pobowola zitsime kugwira ntchito mu US lero. 56 iwo anachira mafuta kuchokera alumali nyanja.

The American mafuta makampani, poyamba pa zonse, boma atatu ayenera utoto ndi Alaska, California ndi Texas. Komanso, pali otchedwa Strategic Mafuta Reserve mu United States - ifeyo malo a mafuta, amene ayenera kukhala zokwanira dziko kwa masiku 90 (vuto la mwadzidzidzi). malo Izi omwazika kumadera osiyanasiyana a USA ndi amasungidwa domes mobisa mchere.

Pomaliza ...

Choncho, dziko kutsogolera mafuta sewerolo ku dziko - ndi Saudi Arabia, Russia ndi United States. limati awa yotengedwa kuchokera pansi pafupifupi 37% ya ulimi padziko lonse wa gwero la.