Dimmer: dera malumikizidwe, ndemanga. Dimmer - ndichiyani?

Anthu ntchito malo zolinga zosiyana, ndipo ntchitozo amafuna zosiyanasiyana kuyatsa. Ndi yabwino kusintha dimmer - pazipangizo kuti amalola kusintha mlingo kuwala kochokera "pafupifupi mdima" mpaka aone wathunthu ndi mongokana ndi kogwirira kozungulira kapena kutsetsereka dzanja.

Chifukwa dimmers?

M'nyumba kuyatsa mu nyumba n'kofunika kwambiri. Mlingo uliwonse chipinda kuzichita mukhoza ndipo sangathe kuchita, ndipo kumakhudza yaikulu maganizo anu. Mwachitsanzo, simungathe kuwerenga kandulo osakwatiwa, koma chikondi chakudya awiri Mwina akuoneka kotero okoma ndi 1.5-kilowatt halogen nyale.

dimmers ano, kumathima e.g. Legrand, kulola kuti bwino kusintha nyali zounikira ndi nyali za mitundu yosiyanasiyana.

Resistor dimmers

Poyamba, kusintha mlingo kuwala ntchito kwambiri njira yachidule - ndi resistor variable chikugwirizana monga dimmer. Kunapatsa? Normal wirewound resistor ndi waya woonda, amene amalenga ndi zina (mwadzina phindu motsata) kulimbikira kuti kayendedwe ka milandu magetsi. Kapangidwe ka resistor variable, kuwonjezera pa chuma resistive ndi anzanu awiri mapulani anawonjezera wina ndi kuyenda kukhudzana ndi mapeto ake. Ndi dera magetsi mchitidwe zikugwirizana m'manja ndi imodzi mwa kulankhula ndi yoikidwiratu.

Yomanga imeneyi, kulimbikira okwana resistor ali zosiyanasiyana ndi kusintha mtunda mlandu ali kudutsa zinthu resistive, koma kungofuula - kutalika kwa waya ku lokhazikika kwa kukhudzana makina. Ngati kukhudzana makina ali pafupi ndi yoikidwiratu (olumikizidwa kwa dera la), ndi resistor ndi kochepa. Ngati ankatembenukira wachiwiri atathana kukhudzana mlandu ali kudutsa zinthu resistive.

Pamene mlandu anawamvera ndi mphamvu za magetsi kudzera resistor ndi, mphamvu zake anataya pamene kutentha. Ngati inu malo resistor mu mndandanda dera la zomvetsa mphamvu mu izo chifukwa zimagwiritsa voteji dontho kudutsa resistor ndi, kuchepetsa mphamvu kupezeka kwa katundu wina (getsi, mwachitsanzo). Kuchepetsa voteji pa babu kumachepetsa kuwala kwake linanena bungwe.

Vuto mu njira iyi kuti inu kukathera tikungotaya ndi mphamvu zambiri kwa Kutentha resistor, amene si kuyatsa chipinda chanu, koma ndalama khobiri wokongola. Komanso mphamvu inefficiency, resistor dimmer masiwichi zambiri wolemera ndipo zingakhale ngozi moto, monga variable resistor zimatulutsa kutentha kwambiri. zipangizo Current ntchito njira zosavuta.

Mfundo ntchito

Choncho, makamaka dimmer. Kodi zimenezi zikutanthauzanji mawu kusiyana kwa resistor chiyani? M'malo mphamvu babu mu kukana variable, dimmers zamakono pa chilichonse kusintha kwa nyengo panopa, mwachidule kuphimba njira ndime zake, kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha mphamvu ankakhala moyo wotayirira mu unyolo wonse. Iwo likukhalira kuti ziliri pa babu kuyatsira nthawi zambiri pa mphindi.

kusintha nthawi mkombero chamangidwa kuzungulira banja AC oscillations. Ali ndi polarity osiyanasiyana voteji wa - mu mapiri sinusoidal yoweyula panopa izo zimasiyanasiyana munthu pazipita zabwino negative. M'mawu ena, kuneneza zikusuntha, chomwe ndi alternating panopa, zikusintha malangizo ake za kayendedwe. Mu Russia, icho chimapita kupyola mkombero wa kusintha (kuyang'anira zoyenda mbali imodzi, ndiye zina) nthawi 50 pa mphindi.

"Chibwenzi" sine yoweyula ziliri pa theka lililonse-mkombero izo - ndicho chimene chimapangitsa dimmer. Kodi zikutanthauza chiyani? Izo basi akutembenukira kutali ndi getsi dera nthawi iliyonse kusintha malangizo a panopa, kuti, pamene ziro voteji mu dera la. Izi zimachitika kawiri pa mkombero, kapena nthawi 100 pa mphindi. kotunga panopa dera nyali ndi anazimitsa pa kachiwiri pamene voteji limatuluka kuti enaake.

Mfundo imeneyi - "kuphatikizapo mlingo wa" - akufotokozera udindo wa cholembera chanu ndi lophimba dimmer. Ngati waikidwa pa zinthu kuwala, likukhalira kwambiri mwamsanga pambuyo shutdown wa. chiwembu The zili m'gulu kwambiri kuzungulira, kotero kuti akukamba mphamvu zambiri pa yachiwiri pa babu kuwala. Ngati dimmer amamasulidwa ku chiwalitsiro otsika, izo kudikira pambuyo shutdown yaitali mpaka sudzatha kachiwiri kumapeto kwa kuzungulira.

Izi ndi mfundo zazikulu, koma ntchito dimmer? Galimoto kugwirizana zopezeka mu gawo lotsatira, iyankha funso limeneli.

Chipangizo kumathima pakompyuta

Ife tikudziwa kale kuti mwamsanga kuchotsa kuwala dera la kuchepetsa mphamvu yopezeka kwa nyale. Ndipo komabe, makamaka dimmer palokha - ndichiyani? Amafotokozera chapakati dera ake ndi michenga yopangira zida zamagetsi Mac lophimba kapena triac.

Triac - yaing'ono michenga yopangira zida zamagetsi chipangizo, mofanana ndi diode kapena transistor. Ngati iwo, triac tichipeza zigawo zosiyana za chuma michenga yopangira zida zamagetsi. Pakati pawo, N-mtundu zakuthupi, amene ali zambiri ma elekitironi ufulu ndi zipangizo tsa-mtundu kukhala ndi zambiri "mabowo" imene ufulu ma elekitironi adutse.

The triac akhoza pochitika panopa pa polarity osiyanasiyana voteji ntchito thereto, mwachitsanzo mu theka-m'zinthu za AC mains voteji, koma pokhapokha ngati elekitirodi lachitatu - .. Chipata - kulamulira voteji ntchito. Ndipo kotero zoona, akuthamanga dimmer. Chiwembu m'munsimu limasonyeza mmene anacheuka.

The voteji pa chipata cha triac, amene n'kofunika kutsegula, amaperekedwa ndi capacitor yosungirako, ndipo nthawi mlandu wake kuyambira chiyambi cha hafu ya nthawi ya kusowa voteji asaaonerera pa resistor variable. Choncho zimene zimachitika mu zolinga zawo? Mwachidule:

• Triac amachita ngati selector voteji.
• Chipata voteji akulamulira nthawi likhale ake.
• A resistor variable amapereka voteji pa chipata.
• The fulumizitsa akutumikira kutsegula waveform ziliri pa kusowa nyali mphamvu dera (onani. Gawo Seq.).
• Yimitsira capacitor chindiletsa m'badwo dera dimmer kusokonezedwa.

Kulumikiza kwa Intaneti

Tikumbukenso kuti onse wailesi amapanga magetsi tikuonera chithunzi pamwambapa, ndi dimmer wokwera pa nyumba, amene ali malo awiri okha kuti athe chipangizo kwa lokhala ndi gawo maukonde magetsi. Choncho, mawu a sayansi kukhazikitsa kugwirizana ngati dimmer kwathunthu analogous kuti ochiritsira ziwiri mzati lophimba. Mwa njira, ena ziwembu zawo ndi anamanga-lophimba chikugwirizana ndi athandizira chiwembu lonse, ndi kiyi ake lili pafupi ulamuliro kogwirira kozungulira. Choncho, kulumikiza dimmer, monga mu nkhani ya kulumikiza lophimba ochiritsira, kuchita zinthu zotsatirazi:

1. Kudziwa nyale kapena nyali ku gulu kulamulira kwa dimmer.
2. Kuwerengetsa panopa kuwonongeka ndi zipangizo kuyatsa pamene zoyendetsedwa popanda dimmer.
3. Sankhani dimmer ndi pazipita wolingalira zikugwira ntchito panopa osati kakang'ono kuposa kuti zopezera Dec. 2.
4. Ikani dimmer pa malo oyenera ndiponso kugwirizana kwa maukonde monga ochiritsira ziwiri mzati lophimba. Onani apa kuti lophimba aliyense kuti kuikidwa kusiyana gawo wochititsa, osati "ziro", Vol. E. Izo ziyenera kukhala mu unyolo wa otaya panopa kwa nyali (s), koma osati pambuyo.

Real dimmer dera ndi zovuta. Choncho, pakhoza kukhala kutali dimmer ndi mphamvu ya kutali, switchable (basi) a powerengetsera chikugwirizana ndi osiyanasiyana "anzeru nyumba", komanso ndi mtundu lamayimbidwe kapena mawu kulamulira. Komabe, zonsezo "anzeru stuffing" umabisika m'nyumba chipangizo, ndi ndondomeko ya kulumikiza kwa maukonde ndi kumva.

nyali Buzz pamaso pa dimmers

Malinga angapo a owerenga, polumikiza m'malo kusinthana kwa mtengo dimmer dera mphamvu incandescent ndinamva ikulira zachilendo. Izi zimachitika chifukwa kusinthasintha mu nyali filament chifukwa cha kusintha waveform panopa amaperekedwa kwa triac lapansi.

Monga mukudziwa, panopa likuyenderera mu mawaya amapanga gulu ndithu m'munda maginito ndi yofanana panopa chifukwa mosinthasintha maginito. The filament mu babu ndi chabe waya mwauzimu omwe, ngati solenoid ndi nyese ndi kudutsa panopa mu izo, ndi munda wake maginito oscillates ndi pafupipafupi ndi alternating panopa.

The yachibadwa sinusoidal alternating panopa fluctuates pang'onopang'ono ngati munda wake maginito. Panopa ku dimmer lisinthike mwadzidzidzi pamene triac kukhala conductive. Kusintha mwadzidzidzi panopa chimasintha maginito mofulumira, zomwe zingachititse kugwedera kwa filament lapansi. Kuwonjezera zipatso zofewa kung'ung'uza phokoso mwadzidzidzi kusintha maginito adzakhala kupanga zizindikiro wailesi ofooka kuti ungatilepheretse TV pafupi kapena wailesi!

dimmers Ambiri amakhala ndi zigawo zina kuthetsa ikulira kwenikweni. Childs, ubongo wa dera dimmer kumaphatikizapo kutsamwa inductive (onani. The chiwembu pamwamba), yomwe ndi waya yaitali momuzungulira ndi pakati chitsulo, ndi zina yimitsira capacitor. Onse zipangizo akhoza kusunga yochepa mphamvu za magetsi (mu mawonekedwe a mphamvu maginito, panopa, ndipo magetsi kuyang'anira mphamvu) ndi khama izo mtsogolo. mphamvu iyi smoothes ndi spikes lakuthwa voteji chifukwa cha kusintha kwa triac kuchepetsa phokoso ndiponso kulowererapo.

Dimmers ndi nyali

Dimmers kulenga chikhalidwe cha chitonthozo kunyumba kuchepetsa mphamvu. Komabe, si mababu zonse n'zogwirizana ndi iwo, ndipo izi kukhoza kudzetsa mavuto kwa eni nyumba. ogula ambiri kufalitsa ndemanga zoipa za lamulo dimmer kuwala, koma kusanthula mayankho kumabweretsa kuganiza kuti olemba si bwino mfundo za magetsi ngakhale ndi dimmers pamodzi.

Mababu yodziwika ndi mphamvu ndi voteji. Ngati inu kusankha kumathima cholakwika mitundu ina ndi zosafunika kwa iwo kumangika ndi kulenga mavuto. Choncho, kusankha nyali kwa kumathima, anthu ayenera kudziwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya iwo ndi kuphunzira kusankha yekha yogwirizana ndi dimmers awo alipo.

Ogula angasankhe incandescent, halogen, fulorosenti ndi nyali LED. Woyamba mitundu iwiri ya nyali mosavuta kusamalira dimmers, pamene nyali fulorosenti ndi LED kukhala wamkulu kuwala linanena bungwe, zodula ndi zochepa ntchito ndi chipangizo mu funso.

incandescent

incandescent babu ntchito chifukwa magetsi umadutsa filament, lomwe likamatenthetsa ndipo umayamba kuwala. mababu Izi kuwala ngati achibale awo apamtima - halogen nyali (zoona, yemweyo filament nyali, koma ndi Kuwonjezera wa mankhwala halogen munali mu botolo pofuna evaporation nkhani filament), ali kwambiri yothandiza view mababu, chifukwa ntchito ndi aliyense dimmer. Iwo sangakhoze kulekerera kwambiri voteji, koma zabwino mokwanira pa mlingo wake yoyenera. Mu maganizo a anthu ogula amene akafuna kupulumutsa mphamvu ndi kuwonjezera babu moyo pogwiritsa ntchito dimmers, chimagwirira ntchito bwino. owerenga ambiri amanena kuti incandescent kuwala mababu ndi dimmable ndi ntchito zotsika mtengo komanso zitsanzo patsogolo. Iwo zokha pafupifupi mwathunthu pamene lophimba dimmer yoyendetsedwa kuchokera pamwamba chabe.

nyali fulorosenti

nyali Awa mkati babu ya nthunzi ya mankhwala enaake. Kwaiye iwo mu kutentha ultraviolet poizoniyu amanditenga ndi phosphor, amene yokutidwa mkati mpanda wa babu kuti zimatulutsa kuwala kuwoneka. Ena owerenga mu ndemanga zawo zimasonyeza kuti nyali zawo basi kuchokera pansi pa ulamuliro osiyanasiyana dimmer. Chinthu ndi ntchito otchedwa nyali yaying'ono fulorosenti si cholinga ntchito ndi dimmers ngati mwininyumba installs ndi voteji otsika kudutsa chipangizo safuna zimitsani nyali, ndipo zokha. Ntchito dimmer ndi nyali, izo ayenera ballast dimmable, kodi tiyenera anasonyeza pa ma CD. Ena dimmers muyezo zimayenderana ndi nyali, koma osati onse a iwo. Ogula ayenera nthawi zonse kusankha dimmer 220 ndi umboni wa Mlengi za ngakhale nawo nyali fulorosenti.

mababu LED

ntchito zawo n'zochokera pa luso kupangira ma elekitironi kuwala emitting diode kuti mucheze ndi zabwino mlandu "mabowo" ndipo zimatulutsa photons imene chakudya luminescence. Iwo sakhala owala kuposa nyali fulorosenti, koma kuwala kusintha osiyanasiyana malire ndi kamangidwe ka kulolerana ake. Malinga ndi maganizo makasitomala, ndi LEDs komanso sachedwa shutdowns mu m'munsi mwamphamvu osiyanasiyana, ndipo akhoza koteroko ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya dimmers. Ngakhale incandescent getsi adzakhala akuchepa ndi kusinthasintha voteji, anatsogolera ngakhale kuzimitsa kapena akuchepa kwambiri.

Kusankha nyali abwino

Pogula ogula ayenera kukumbukira kuti nyali incandescent akhoza anaphimbidwa ku ziro peresenti 100, ndi fulorosenti ndi kutsogozedwa sangathe opareshoni pansipa 10-20% ya mtengo mwadzina la kuwala, kuti eni nyumba sangathe kukwaniritsa msinkhu wawo chitonthozo. Komanso, nyali fulorosenti ndi kutsogozedwa amafuna zodula ndi zovuta LED dimmer. Komabe, mu nthawi yayitali, iwo amapereka ndalama kwambiri mphamvu.

Kusankha ndi kumathima abwino

dimmers ano, mwachitsanzo dimmer Legrand (amatanthauza mzere wonse wa mtundu), kugwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo zosiyanasiyana photocells, zimatulutsa poyenda ndi zakale. Pamene pakuika zida izi anthu kukumbukira kuti patsogolo dimmers dera tinapangidwa mkulu-dzuwa kuwala mababu. Ngakhale chotchipa zipangizo ndi chokwanira cha incandescent ndi halogen nyali.

Mwachidule anapanga owerenga ambiri ndemanga dimmers, wina akhoza kunena kuti kwambiri zotsatira misa ku ntchito zawo angathe kukonzekera m'nyumba, kuunikiridwa miyambo incandescent mababu. Pambuyo dimmer limakupatsani kuchepetsa mowa mphamvu popanda kusintha mababu wotchipa pa fulorosenti mtengo kapena LED. Ngati nyumba kale yokutidwa ndi mitundu yatsopano ya nyali, zotsatira yaikulu imakhala pa kuchulukitsa nyumba kuyatsa ulamuliro angapereke "zotsogola" dimmer chitsanzo Mwachitsanzo lakutali dimmer, amene amalola kulamulira kuyatsa kwa malo ndi mphamvu ya kutali, popanda kudzuka.