DHCP seva: kuika, kuyambitsa ndi kukonza

Tsiku lililonse chiwerengero cha mafunso okhudza makompyuta chikukula. Ndipo ambiri a iwo ali okhudzana makamaka ndi intaneti padziko lonse. Pakati pa mafunso omwe abusa ambiri amafunsa, ntchito ya DHCP imatchulidwa nthawi zambiri. Kodi mungayisinthe motani? Mukatha kuwerenga pansipa, mukumvetsa chifukwa chake seva iyi ikufunika, momwe mungagwirire ntchito nayo.

Zambiri zokhudza DHCP

Mwamtheradi wogwiritsa ntchito aliyense amene kompyuta yake ikuyendera mtundu wa seva wa Windows akhoza kukhazikitsa utumiki monga seva ya DHCP. Komabe, nthawi zina izi zimaphatikizidwa ndi mavuto ena. Pachifukwa ichi, m'dongosolo lapamwambali, pali lingaliro lotero, lomwe limapangitsa kuti likhale lovomerezeka ndi Active Directory. Izi zimachitika mwamsanga musanatumikire pempho kuchokera kwa kasitomala. Zikanakhala kuti seva yomwe ili gawo la mayinawo saloledwa ku Active Directory, ntchitoyo siidayambe.

Kodi ndikufunika kudziwa chiyani kuti ndiyike seva yofunikira?

Utumiki wotchedwa DHCP Servers ungangowonjezedwa pa kompyuta yomwe imayang'aniridwa ndi mawonekedwe opangira Windows . Kuti muyike seva yotero, mufunikira zotsatira izi:

1. Pitani ku "Kuyika ndi kuchotsa mapulogalamu", omwe ali mu "Pulogalamu Yoyang'anira".

2. Muyenera kusankha "Add ndi kuchotsa zigawo zikuluzikulu" tab, yomwe ili mu gulu lamanzere.

3. Pambuyo pake, "Component Wizard" ayambe. Muyenera kutsegula "Botani".

4. Muyenera kusankha gawo monga "Network Services", ndipo dinani pa batani lotchedwa "Kukonzekera".

5. Muyenera kusankha cholowa "Dynamic Host Configuration" ndipo dinani "OK".

6. Pambuyo pake, muyenera kutsegula batani "Yachitani", ndiyeno pa chinthu "Chotsani".

Tsopano tikhoza kunena kuti seva ya DHCP ya Windows XP ndi machitidwe ena a banja ngati amenewa akuyikidwa bwino.

Kodi mungapatsire bwanji ndondomeko ya chilolezo?

Kuti mulole seva ya DHCP, muyenera kuchita zofunikira zina:

1. Pambitsani njira yolembera, kutenga ufulu wa membala wa gulu la olamulira.

2. Tsegulani chithunzithunzi cha seva kudzera muzithunzi "Administration", zomwe zili mu "Yambani" menyu mu mapulogalamu onse.

3. Sankhani chomwe chiri muzu wa kulowa. Muyenera kuikamo ndi batani labwino la sevalo ndikupeza lamulo lotchedwa "Fufuzani ma seva ogwira ntchito".

4. Pambuyo pake, misonkhano yonse idzawonetsedwa. Kuti muwonjezere seva yatsopano ya DHCP, muyenera kodinkhani batani "Add".

5. Lowani deta (adesi ya IP ya seva latsopano kapena dzina lake). Pambuyo pake, yesani makiyi "OK".

6. Ndiye muyenera kutseka chirichonse podindira pa batani.

Pambuyo pa magawo omwe seva ya DHCP ili nayo, idzasinthidwa, mzere wofiira udzasintha mtundu wake kukhala wobiriwira. Chonde dziwani kuti ndondomekoyi ikhoza kupitilira kwa mphindi zingapo.

Kodi ndifunika kuchita chiyani kuti ndikonze seva?

Seva yowonjezera iyenera kukhazikitsidwa pogwiritsa ntchito chipangizo chapadera chotchedwa DHCP Manager. Icho chidzafunika kuikidwa pambuyo pa kukhazikitsa ntchito yoyenera. Ndiye mumakonza bwanji seva ya DHCP?

1. Muyenera kutsegula pulogalamu yomwe inayikidwa kale. DHCP Manager ali mu tabu "Administration".

2. Atapeza cholembedwa "Kompyutala", muyenera kuwirikiza pawiri ndi batani lakumanja.

3. Muyenera kusankha lamulo "Latsopano," limene lili mu menyu yotchedwa "Scope".

4. Bokosi la mafunso liyamba. Adzafunika kufotokoza zambiri za mtunduwu: adiresi yoyamba, adiresi yomaliza. Choncho, polowa deta iyi, wogwiritsa ntchito akufotokozera malire ogwiritsira ntchito kasitomala. Muyeneranso kulowa mu subnet mask ndi maadiresi oyambirira ndi omalizira amene mukufuna kuwachotsa pamtunda. Mudzafunikanso kuitanitsa deta yokhudza adiresi imodzi yomwe sichikutchulidwa pa nthawi yonse, nthawi yogwiritsiridwa ntchito, dzina.

5. Pambuyo polowera ndemanga iliyonse, dinani pa "Bwino".

6. Pamene mukulimbikitsidwa kuti gulu likhale logwira ntchito, muyenera kutsegula batani "Inde".

Tsopano mumadziwa kukhazikitsa seva ya DHCP. Tikukhulupirira kuti izi zidzakuthandizani.

Kodi mungapange bwanji ntchito yoyenera?

Kotero, zigawo zofunika zomwe seva ya DHCP ili nazo zinali zogwirizana momwe tingathere. Ndingathetse bwanji? Musanachite izi, muyenera kuzindikira kuti ntchito ya DHCP ndi pulogalamu yapadera yomwe imayenera kupatsa ma intaneti IP makompyuta. Potero, kugwirizana kwa intaneti padziko lonse kudzadaliranso ndi seva iyi.

Zidzakhala zoyenera kuyamba kompyuta ngati mtsogoleri. Ndiye mukuyenera kupita ku menyu yoyamba. Mu mzere wotchedwa "Run" muyenera kulowa mu lamulo monga napclcfg.msc, ndiyeno dinani pa "Ok" batani. Pambuyo pawindo lotseguka likutsegulidwa, muyenera kusankha kusankha chinthu ngati "Otsatira a chitetezo choyenera". Mndandanda umene umatsegulidwa, muyenera kusankha seva yomwe mukufunikira ( DHCP inakakamizidwa ndi kasitomala ). Dinani pomwepo ndipo sankhani "Lolani".

Nanga bwanji ngati ndikufunika kuphatikiza makompyuta angapo kukhala mumtanda umodzi?

Nthaŵi zina ma PC angapo ayenera kuphatikizidwa mumtanda umodzi. Ndipo osati kugawira maadiresi a IP pamanja, utumiki wa DHCP umakhudzidwa. Izi zachitika motere:

1. M'pofunika kuyika IP adiresi pamtundu uliwonse pa kompyuta.

2. Pambuyo pake, pempho lidzatumizidwa kuti lipereke adiresi.

3. Pempho lovomerezeka lidzalandiridwa ndi makompyuta onse omwe ali mumsewu umodzi. Komabe, yankho lake lidzapangidwa ndi seva ya DHCP yekha. Ndi iye yemwe ati apatse kompyuta yomwe imayankhula yomwe ili mfulu. Deta idzatumizidwanso za maski, adiresi ya chipata, ndi zina zotero.

4. Kompyutala itatha kulandira magawo onse oyenera akhoza kuigwiritsa ntchito. Mwachidziwikire, mutayambiranso pempholi lidzatumizidwa ku latsopano. Potero, latsopano adilesi ya IP idzalandiranso.

Kodi ndiyenera kuchita chiyani kuti ndikukonzekerere utumiki kudzera mu router?

Muyenera kulingalira mwatsatanetsatane momwe mungathandizire seva ya DHCP ya router. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kupita ku chipangizo ndikuyamba kukhazikitsa adilesi ya IP.

1. La router> en command ikulolani kuti mukhale ndi udindo wapadera.

2. Router # conf t command idzakuthandizani kufika ku dongosolo lonse.

3. Pogwiritsa ntchito njira yotengera Router (config) #inf fa0 / 1, mukhoza kulowa mu mawonekedwe a mawonekedwe.

4. Polowera adireti (config-if) #ip adilesi, mukhoza kufotokoza adilesi ya IP. Makina a subnet adzakhalanso.

5. Malembo Router (config-if) #no wotsekedwa adzakulolani kuchotsa mawonekedwe.

6. Mukamalemba lamulo monga router (config-if) #exit, mukhoza kubwerera ku masinthidwe a mdziko lonse.

Kodi mungakonze bwanji seva molondola?

Pambuyo pazinthu zonse zomwe takambiranazi, mutha kupitiriza kukonza seva. Ndi iye yemwe adzagawire magawo onse ofunika ku makompyuta.

1. Pogwiritsa ntchito lamulo la router (config) #ip dhcp kafukufuku wa padzi, mudzatha kukhazikitsa maadiresi amadzi omwe adzatchedwa Test.

2. Gwiritsani ntchito lamulo la router (dhcp-config) #network kuti mudziwe tsatanetsatane. Ndiko kuti adesi ya IP ikugawidwa.

3. Pogwiritsira ntchito lamulo la router (dhcp-config) # default-router, chigawo monga gate-default adzalandidwa pa kompyuta.

4. Lamulo la router (dhcp-config) # dns-seva limakulolani kuti mupereke gawo linalake lachinsinsi pa DNS.

5. Ndi lamulo la router (dhcp-config) #exit, mukhoza kubwerera ku masinthidwe apadziko lonse.

Ndipo bwanji ngati simusowa kupereka macheza onse?

Kawirikawiri, kukhazikitsa, mwachitsanzo, pa seva ya Windows 7 DHCP, pali chikhumbo chogawira osati ma adresse onse omwe ali pa subnet, koma ena mwa iwo. Pankhaniyi, zonse ziyenera kukhazikika. Kawirikawiri izi zikhoza kukhala ndi maseva. Kuwonjezera apo, adiresi yeniyeni ya router inayake sikuti nthawi zonse imayenera kuperekedwa kwa wina. Mungapereke chitsanzo cha momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito lamulo limodzi kuti mukhale ndi aderese zina, pakugawa kumene kulibe chosowa.

Mwa kukonza seva ya DHCP pa Windows 7, mukhoza kulemba zolembera monga Router (config) #ip dhcp-osatulutsidwa-adilesi. Ikuthandizani kuti muchotse kugawidwa kwa maadiresi onse omwe ali pamtunda wina. Ngati inu mutatsegula makompyuta, omwe amakonzedweratu kuti atulutse maadiresi, mukhoza kuona kuti walandira IP-adiresi, yomwe pakali pano ili mfulu.

Kodi pali njira ina yothetsera utumiki molondola?

Tsopano mukudziwa zomwe seva ya DHCP ya router ili, ndi momwe ingakhazikitsidwe. Koma palinso njira ina yosinthira yomwe imapitanso ku zipangizo zamakono za Cisco.

Ngati pali zigawo zambiri zosiyana siyana ndipo chikhumbo chogawira maadiresi onse chimachitika pakati pa seva imodzi, simusowa kusankha seva pa chipangizo, koma tsankhuzani komwe ili. Mwachitsanzo, mukhoza kusonyeza malamulo otsatirawa, omwe angakuthandizeni kukwaniritsa cholinga:

1. Router (config) #int fa0 / 1. Lamulo ili likulowetsani kuti mulowe muzipangidwe zamakono, zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito makompyuta onse.

2. Router (config-if) #ip helper-address. Pogwiritsa ntchito kulembedwa, mukhoza kufotokoza adiresi imene seva yomwe tikusowa ilipo. Potero, kulumikiza kwa seva iyi iyenera kuperekedwa kwa router yapadera. Kuwonjezera apo, kasinthidwe ka dziwe la aderi limene lidzagawidwe liyenera kukwaniritsidwa kwathunthu.

Ndondomeko imeneyi, yomwe imakulolani kukonza seva ya DHCP, Linux, Windows, Cisco, imapereka udindo wothandizira pa router yokha. Ngati mulandira pempho kuchokera pamakompyuta ena, chipangizocho chidzapititsa patsogolo pa seva yomwe inanenedwa mu lamulo. Komanso adzapereka pempholo mosiyana.

Kuvuta kwa kukhazikitsa ntchitoyi sikuyenera kuchita mantha

Tikukhulupirira kuti ndemangayi inamuthandiza kumvetsa nkhani zonse zomwe zimakukhudzani ndikumvetsa zomwe seva ngati DHCP ndizofunika ndi momwe mungayigwiritsire ntchito. Chilichonse chimakhala chophweka kuposa momwe tafotokozera m'nkhaniyi. Choncho, ngati mukufuna kukonza ndi kukhazikitsa ntchitoyi, mukhoza kuwerenga bwinobwino ndemanga ndikuchitapo. Bwino ndi ntchito zanu!

Kupyolera mu zolakwa za kusanganika kwa seva sikusungidwe?

Kugwira ntchito ndi seva ya DHCP, mungakumane ndi zolakwika zotsatirazi:

1. Zinali zolakwika kusintha zofunikira.

2. Maadiresi osayenerera adalowa.

3. Wogwiritsira ntchito sananene mosapita m'mbali masikiti.

4. Adilesi ya router inalowa molakwika.

5. Adilesi ya router sichifanana ndi zomwe zili pa subnet.

6. Udindo sunakhazikitsidwe molondola.

7. Seva ya DNS sinafotokozedwe molondola.

8. Wogwiritsa ntchito adalowa mosaloledwa adiresi yomwe seva yake ilipo.

9. Cholakwika chinachitika patsikulo kapena kukonzekera kwa mndandanda.

10. IP-maadiresi anapangidwa molakwika.

11. Adilesi yomaliza inalowa molakwika.

12. Mzere wofunikila sungapangidwe.

13. Kufikira maadiresi onse atayikidwa molondola, mndandandawo sudzawonjezeredwa.

14. Mndandanda wazomwe unayikidwa omwe ali ndi magawo ofanana ndi awo omwe alipo kale mu seva ya DHCP.

Izi ndizo zolakwa zazikulu zomwe ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito. Kumbukirani kuti zonse ziyenera kuchitidwa mosamalitsa bwino, kotero kuti pamapeto pake simukuyenera kukonza deta yomwe inalowa kale.