Cyril-Belozersky ansembe yotchedwa: history, photos, kufotokoza, zomangamanga, chizindikirocho. Kodi kufika St. Cyril-Belozersky obisika?

Nzika iliyonse ayenera kudziwa mbiri yawo ndi kukumbukira chiyambi chake. Modern wokhala Russia pang'onopang'ono ndikupeza kuya ndi mphamvu ya cholowa cha boma, lomwe ndi mbali yofunika kwambiri ya mbiri ya agulupa ya. Chidwi m'nkhani imeneyi akuti ndi St. Cyril-Belozersky obisika. Kodi kuona obisika chiyani? Zizindikiro matchalitchi, malo a moyo ndi mapemphero a anthu ambiri otchuka. Kudzera tsoka la obisika kungakhale bwino kuti tiphunzire kukhala ndi momwe Russia kusanduka mbiri yake.

maziko

Pangani Cyril Belozersky obisika masiku m'zaka za m'ma 14 mochedwa. Pa nthawi iyi mu Russia kunali chipwirikiti cha chilengedwe mchitidwe ngati malo chuma, chikhalidwe ndi wauzimu. Chiyambi cha ndondomekoyi anali kuyamba ndi Sergiy Radonezhsky, amene analenga Utatu-Sergeev Lavra mu 1342. Chifukwa cha kumene kumakhala Amonke kulamulira la Russia wawakonzera chikalata chimene analola mchitidwe umenewu kwa eni dziko. Chitsanzo choyamba cha Radonezh anayankha wotchedwa Dmitry Prilutsky amene anapeza Nicholas obisika. Ndiye wothandizira wa SERGEY Kirillov Belozersky mu 1397 anakhazikitsa obisika latsopano. Cyril Belozersky obisika lili m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Siverskoye m'tauni ya Kirillov, Vologda dera.

Cha m'ma 14 m'ma kuthetsa pa Siverskoe Nyanja akubwera mmonke Cyril Belozersky, digs phanga pa gombe ndipo amayamba kukhala ndi moyo yekha. Choncho anayamba mbiri ya munthu wa amonke waukulu mu Russia.

Moyo wa St. Cyril

Za cikhalidwe Kirilla Belozerskogo, pang'ono amadziwika. Pali lomwe iye anali mbadwa ya banja zabwino, koma posakhalitsa wamasiye ndi kutetezedwa iye mbuye Timofey Ilich Velyaminov, amene ankatumikira pa bwalo la Grand Duke wotchedwa Dmitry Donskoy. Young munthuyo nakhala msungichuma wa fuko lomveka, koma oponderezedwa kwambiri ndi moyo aboma ndi kufuna kupita ku obisika, ngakhale Velyaminov ndipo anali kutsutsana nazo izo. Mahrischskogo chitetezero cha Stephen, bwenzi la St. Sergio wa Radonezh, anathandiza munthu wamng'ono kusiya utumiki ndi kupita kutumikira Simonov obisika. Apa M'busa tsogolo anakumana Sergio, amene nthawi zonse anali kukambirana.

Kuyambira masiku oyambirira a Kirill utumiki anasonyeza changu chachikulu cha kwa okhwima austerity. Iye ankafuna kuti masiku 2-3, ndi kutsegula nokha ntchito mwakhama ndi mapemphero. Koma mkuluyo Michael Smolensky, yemwe anali bambo wauzimu wa mnyamatayo, anamuuza kudya chakudya tsiku lirilonse, pamodzi ndi onse ndi kuika kwa utumiki, ophika buledi ndi. Kirill n'kupemphera kwambiri ndipo anayesetsa. Sergio allocated mwa agulupa ake ndipo nthawi zonse akapita ku agulupa naye. Mmonke Kirill changu chawo achipembedzo kum'patsa ulemu wa comrades wake, ndipo mu 1390 ndipo anamusankha Archimandrite wa agulupa lapansi. Cyril utumiki anasonkhana ambiri anthu (kuphatikizapo otchuka a), imene masamba kupereka zambiri ndipo anafunsa Council wolemekezeka. chisamaliro choterocho kunaoneka ndi kusakondwa kwambiri, ndipo anafuna kuti pemphero yekha.

Tsiku lina iye anali masomphenya amene Virigo ananena kwa White Lake, kumene ayenera kukhala. Cyril anasiya obisika ndipo pamodzi ndi M'busa Ferapont anapita ku nyanja. Anakumba pa bwato, Cyril anayamba kupemphera ft wake ndi FERAPONT mantha mwamphamvu kwambiri za malo napita ku malo ena, komwe iyenso analenga obisika. Cyril zaka zochepa zokha kupulumuka mu mavuto. Idagwa paini mlimi akhazikitsa moto hideout wake, iye anayesa kulanda, koma ku mavuto onse anali amayi woyera wa Mulungu. Pang'onopang'ono anapanga mozungulira iye fraternity ang'ono, ndi agulupa akuyamba kukula. Rev. zimapangitsa dziko, imapangitsa hayala wa agulupa, amene amakhala ndi rigor kwambiri, amatenga wabwino obisika ndi mabuku analemba makalata angapo abale ake m'chikhulupiriro. Mu 1427 St. Cyril wamwalira n'kusiya pangano kwa Prince Andrew Mozhayskoe ndi pempho kusunga obisika ndipo dziko otetezeka adagula iye. Mu 1547 Cyril anali canonized woyera wa Mpingo Orthodox.

Mbiri ya agulupa ya

The lomwe St. Cyril analenga obisika m'zaka 14 unali wapadera. Munkakhala anthu ambiri amene anali kugula kuchita, chifukwa apa pali malonda opindulitsa kwambiri njira kuchokera kumpoto kwa Moscow. Pamene panali munthu wina wa Chimonko, m'deralo anayamba kudandaula kuti akugulira minda yawo ndi kumana iwo zasungidwa awo. Cyril kwenikweni anali cholinga ndi luso kugula dziko. Pang'onopang'ono kusunthira mu munda wa agulupa kwambiri a dera ndipo inaitanitsa gulu kumanga kachisi, umene unali mpingo wa Akukwera. Cyril obisika inamangidwa pa chitsanzo cha Simonov obisika, kumene anakhala zaka zambiri.

Mbiri ya St. Cyril-Belozersky obisika anayamba ndi agulupa awiri amene anabwera ndi mapeto a moyo wa Rev. kale pafupifupi 50 novices. Cyril yonena anali amphamvu kwambiri, ndipo iye anali wokhoza kuti zimenezi zikathandiza am'deralo wosadzikonda zolinga zake. Pang'onopang'ono kutchuka kwake kufalitsa woyera, ndi wogonera ansembe anafika ndi zopereka kuti kunapangitsa kuti mukulitse umwini ake obisika a. Cha m'ma 2 agulupa anakhala waukulu ang'onoang'ono Mbuye wa dera, iye ogwirizana mu ulamuliro wake alimi oposa 20 zikwi ndi dziko lalikulu. Mpanda wa St. Cyril-Belozersky obisika adamfunsa patsogolo komanso chiwerengero cha Chimonko ndi wogonera anakula yekha.

ndi heyday

The mphamvu khalidwe Cyril Belozersky obisika akubwera pambuyo 1446, pambuyo zochitika zomvetsa chisoni kupasula wachifumu Basil II, amene anachititsidwa khungu ndi timakakamizika kuvomereza mphamvu ya lumbiro pa mtanda kuti sangayenerere wachifumu Moscow. Pambuyo pake, anagwidwa ukapolo ku Vologda, kumene iye anali mu ukapolo ku Ferapontov obisika. Ulendo Basil St. Cyril-Belozersky ansembe yotchedwa abbot chitakonzedwa iye chilumbiro, kudalitsa kubwerera ku mphamvu. Zimenezi zinachititsa kuti mphamvu disenfranchised ndi kulimba mtima, ndipo iye anapanga ulendo, pamene anabwerera ku mpando wachifumu. Pambuyo Basil zinapatsira ndi kulemekeza kwambiri obisika ndi agulupa mowolowa manja anathokoza. Iye anawapatsa iwo dzikolo ndipo analola kuti udindo ufulu wochita malonda kudutsa Moscow State. Kunapatsa ansembe ali zamphamvu, mphamvu ndi ulamuliro. Pa nthawi imeneyo, agulupa likukula ntchito yake, ndatopa Chimonko moyo pang'ono wofooka, izo kumafunika anthu olemera amene zopereka n'zotheka kuti kwambiri kuonjezera wambiri dziko, ndipo ngakhale patsogolo mphamvu ya agulupa ya.

Pamene abbot Tikhon yomanga chachikulu chiyambe, imene imagwiritsidwa tione wamakono wa agulupa lapansi. Kufotokozera za St. Cyril-Belozersky agulupa ya nthawi likunena kuti linali kampani bwino ntchito. Amonke ankagwira ntchito mwakhama, anatenga amwendamnjira kuchita ntchito zosiyanasiyana mpingo, kulangiza anthu panjira, nagula nazo malonda mchere ndi nsomba, kwezani ng'ombe ndi mkate. Zinali wamphamvu zachuma, amene anadalira ndi akalonga Muscovite pankhondo kulamulira madera kumpoto.

Mu 1528 obisika a anachezeredwa ndi Vasily lachitatu ndi mkazi wake, amapempherera maonekedwe a wolowa nyumba, ndipo zimenezi iwo anaonekera, ulamuliro wa agulupa likukula yekha. mwana uyu, amene anadzakhala wotchuka Ivanom Groznym, moyo ankaikira obisika, iye katatu ku iye ndipo anapereka ndi zosaneneka $ 28 zikwi kutsatira chitsanzo cha bambo wake. Asanafe, anatenga malonjezo mu St. Cyril-Belozersky obisika.

M'zaka za m'ma 16 mu obisika panali cholinga china chofunika dziko. Anamangapo makoma ndi nsanja anathandiza Nthawi ya Mavuto kupirira atazunguliridwa ndi matenda angapo amphamvu ankhondowo la Poland ndi Lithuania. Pambuyo pake, mfumu, pozindikira kufunika obisika monga malo otetezedwa bwino, madongosolo kumanga nsanja ochepa ndipo limbikitsa khoma. Chifukwa, agulupa anakhala zamphamvu kumbuyo.

Pofika m'ma 17 pali latsopano wozungulira ya agulupa ya bwino. Kachiwiri imachitika kudzera yomanga mofulumira kupereka zambiri za Alexei Mikhailovich, amene ankafuna linga kulondera zamalonda ku White Nyanja kwa asilikali a Sweden, komanso kukonzekera pano malo otetezeka mwambo zipolowe. N'kumene mfumu kusunga mkwiyo wa wakeyo anthu ndi Pet Boris Morozov , ndipo ngakhale ena boyars, anthu kusagwirizana. Koma mapeto "golide zaka" wa agulupa ndi zaka za m'ma 17.

Kutha ndi ndende

Mu ufumu wa agulupa anachezeredwa ndi Peter Wamkulu. Koma iwo unadzakhala anayamba kutaya tanthauzo lake dziko monga dziko pali latsopano linga pa gombe Baltic. Pachifukwa chomwechi, kutaya phindu zamalonda kudutsa dziko obisika. Kusintha kwa Peter Wamkulu zingawonongeka mphamvu chuma obisika a. Komanso, mfumu ankafunika anthu oti kuti zimatengera kumanga obisika. Pa 18 ndi theka zoyambirira za m'ma 19, agulupa anataya kufunika zachuma ndi phindu chikhalidwe, nyumba ambiri kuvunda kapena kuwonongedwa. Mu 1864 Catherine II achotsa kuchokera m'mayiko ena obisika ndi kuthetsa, kumene antchitowo, iye akutembenukira kwa mzinda Kirillov moyo. Kuteteza zovuta zilipo chifukwa chakuti ali ndi ntchito zina.

Ngakhale m'zaka za m'ma 15 mochedwa, agulupa anayamba ndi mbali ya malo m'ndende, panopa akutchulidwa olemekezeka manyazi ndi atsogoleri achipembedzo. Kotero, apa ndinapeza pogona kuzunzidwa Metropolitan Skripitsyn. Pakuti Ivana Groznogo linga Cyril-Belozersky obisika ndi malo abwino ponena kuti mdani, ndipo iye akutumiza iwo apa ambiri. Ena mwa yemweyo, oopa chilango chomwe chayandikira pa mfumu, anadza kwa Kirillov okha. Choncho manyazi Metropolitan Sylvester anapeza chitetezo kuno ku chizunzo. Pafupifupi amuna onse a banja la mkulu kwambiri Ivan Vorotynsky komanso inatha masiku ake amonke. Anapitiriza miyambo ndi Fyodor Ivanovich, yemwe anapita Kirillov otchuka Prince Ivana Shuyskogo. M'zaka za m'ma 16 kuno ukapolo wakale wa mabishopu Nikon wa Moscow, amene wakhala apa kwa zaka zisanu zomalizira za moyo wake kovuta.

Cyril-Belozersky obisika m'nyengo yozizira ndi pamaso makamaka ogwetsa, ndi kupeza apa mwa mphamvu chuma ndi ndale anatayika, inali chilango osati madalitso. Monga malo akaidi akuluakulu Kirillov ankagwiritsa ntchito mpaka cha m'ma 19. Ndiye boma Soviet ali nakhalanso mwambo uwu.

Nthawi Soviet

Zitasintha, anayamba crackdown pa azibusa, ndi rector wa St. Cyril-Belozersky ansembe yotchedwa Varsonofy anawomberedwa mu 1918. Chimonko ndi novices, amene anali oposa awiri khumi, amafalitsidwa ndi mchitidwe umenewu ena, kapena kungoti ku Siberia, Kazakhstan ndi ku Central Asia. Mu 1924 obisika a potsiriza kutsekedwa. Zovuta za nyumba ya agulupa ya anasanduka Museum, amene kumapeto kwa 60s lidagawikana mu mbiri yakale, mapulani ndi luso owonetsera zakale-otetezedwa. Izi zinabweretsa manda a zomangamanga matabwa a m'derali, izo waika pamodzi chopereka wabwino mafano ndi mbale mpingo. Ena mwa nyumba pa Moto Island ntchito ngati ndende. Zimenezi ulipobe.

kubadwanso

Mu 1997, zovuta Cyril Belozersky obisika anali m'gulu mndandanda wa kuteteza malo chikhalidwe cha dziko. Ndipo mu 1998, agulupa kunditumiza ku ntchito yosatha ya Tchalitchi cha Orthodox. Kuyambira nthawi kuti m'nyumbayi ndi kunyumba motetezeka azikhala pa gawo lawo. Mu 2009, zithunzi, anatengedwa kuchokera obisika unali kubwezedwa, koma cholowa akali zakale zikuluzikulu m'madera osiyanasiyana. Agulupa anapitirizabe zotsalira za St. Kirilla Belozerskogo, amene alimba mtima anapulumutsa Chimonko ndi imfa. Kuyambira 2015 agulupa anakhala osakwatira wansembe Anastasiasi.

Kapangidwe ka obisika ndi

Mwambiriyakale, St. Cyril-Belozersky obisika, amene zomangamanga wateteza zochititsa zaka za m'ma 16, kuphatikizanso mbali zingapo structural. The chigawo chachikulu - ndi Big Mfundo obisika. Nawa ntchito zonse zoyambirira za obisika a akachisi angapo, maselo amonke. Gawo lachiwiri - yaing'ono Ivanovsky obisika. Iwo munali akachisi ndi nyumba za moyo ndi utumiki wa akulu ndi agulupa odwala. Pamodzi mbali ziwirizi amapanga otchedwa Old Town.

Gawo lachitatu - mzinda watsopano komwe madera akuluakulu zili outbuildings zosiyanasiyana, unazunguliridwa ndi makoma wandiweyani. Pakati pa tawuni akale ndi atsopano kamodzi linaikidwa Ostrog, omwe sanapulumuke kuti nthawi yathu. Today Cyril Belozersky ansembe yotchedwa amene zithunzi kukometsera atsogoleri onse Russia, ndi waukulu mu Europe. Pa m'gawo lake linaikidwa akachisi 11, 11 nsanja, makoma akale ndi ambiri zogona ndi malonda nyumba.

Mamangidwe a nyumba zikuluzikulu

Chitsanzo cha zomangamanga mpingo wa Russian Orthodox chikhalidwe cha Nthawi zingapo ndi Cyril-Belozersky obisika. tidakhala zomangamanga zakhala zikusintha pang'onopang'ono, pang'onopang'ono. Nyumba yoyambirira ya agulupa - matabwa Mfundo Cathedral, amene anamanga gulu la akalipentala mu 1397, ali sanapulumuke. Kachisi wachiwiri analinso matabwa, na ciyezezo mu moto cha m'ma 15 mochedwa. Mu 1497 mukupanga Rostov mapulani chilili mwala tchalitchi, amene timapezamo mbali yabwino ya sukulu Rostov a zomangamanga.

Pakali pano, pali zipilala ziwiri zokha sukulu imeneyi. Kenako, kachisi anamangidwanso ndi kubwezeretsedwa kangapo, koma kuoneka chachikulu ndi cholinga otchuka ndi osungidwa. Cathedral ndi kiyubiki, ozungulira chetyrehstolpny yosonkhanitsa gulu loyimba. zomangamanga akupitiriza miyambo ya zomangamanga akale mu Moscow. Osiyana mtengo luso ndi zipata madzi ndi chilimwe yaing'ono Chipata Mpingo wa Chiwalitsiro. Iwo anamangidwa ku 1595 kutsegula mwayi kwa m'mphepete mwa nyanja Siverskoye. Mpingo uli ndi zikuchokera choyambirira ndipo triceps wapadera kapangidwe mkati. Belu nsanja ya tchalitchi lidawonjezeredwa kenako mu 1759. Ndi kalembedwe wa North Russian Baroque, pang'ono lolemera, koma Kuwonjezera osiyana kwa gulu loyimba a tchalitchi.

Pa nthawi ya kubadwa kwa Yohane Chachinayi pa zoperekazo atate ake Vasily III, amene kale anapemphera kwa wolowa ansembe, anakonza yachiwiri mwala mpingo - Mpingo Arhangela Gavriila. Mu zomangamanga bwino kuwerenga chikoka cha zomangamanga Italy. nyumbayi ali 2 mitu, choyambirira mbali zitatu Chigawo ndi mphako mbiri padziko wapakamwa pa limaperekanso yomanga zachilendo. Pamwamba pa cornice anaika kuyitana kwa gawo amakhazikitsa kokoshniks - anali owala ndi atypical pakuti omanga Russian wa njira. Kenako, pamwamba anawonongedwa, komanso zipata kum'mwera.

Kachisi wachiwiri, amene anamanga pa lamulo la Basil Chachitatu - uyu ndi Mpingo wa kuwadula wa Yohane Mbatizi mu Ivanovo obisika. Ioann Predteche - ndi woyang'anira mngelo wolowa. Izi ang'onoang'ono dongosolo kachisi ali Mitu iwiri ndi kapangidwe zinayi mzati ndi apses atatu. Pomanga ankaona lakutali gwero kuti zomangamanga.

M'zaka za m'ma 17 anayamba kumanga mpanda wa New Town ndi nsanja. Woyamba inamangidwa Vologda Tower, yomwe ndi zomangamanga akufanana chitetezo cha Utatu-Sergio obisika. Octagonal, kapangidwe zisanu tiered anakonzeka mamita 30 ndipo anali waukulu mfundo sentinel. Onse a nsanja anapangidwa kalembedwe zambiri achidule ndi wowuma. Pamodzi ndi makoma anamanga nyumba mkulu wodalirika mpanda mzere. Makoma ya agulupa ya Akukwera si otsika ku New Town mu mawu a kudalirika msinkhu wawo uli pafupi zisanu mamita, iwo ndi zigawo ziwiri, chapamwamba ndi mndandanda wa munakhazikitsa. Kopanda obisika linga alinso nsanja zingapo: Faceted koloko, Merezhennaya, Mill (tsopano ukupezeka), Cookbook.

Komanso, zinthu za zovuta kumene kumakhala Amonke ndi nyumba zambiri zolinga zosiyana. Kamangidwe lonse wa St. Cyril-Belozersky obisika ndi gulu loyimba zovuta ophatikizapo zinthu chapadera cha zomangamanga wakale. kukongola makolokoto ndi ulemerero akupangabe anthu swoon ndi chisangalalo.

Museum a Cyril-Belozersky ansembe yotchedwa

Kuyambira 1924 ndi chiphadzuwa m'nyumbayi ntchito obisika a. Ndipo lero mu maulendo St. Cyril-Belozersky ansembe yotchedwa Vologda nthawi zonse, makamaka m'chilimwe, pamene chikhalidwe ayenera koyenda ndipo amalingalira. Kuwonjezera mapulani zovuta ili m'nyumbayi wa Mpingo wa mafunsidwe a m'mudzi Robe Borodava (chitsanzo cha zomangamanga matabwa a m'zaka 15 mochedwa). Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa nyumba yakale kupulumuka matabwa. Kwa inunso aku Museum wa Frescoes wa Ferapontov ansembe yotchedwa, matabwa windmill, anabweretsa ku mudzi wa Gorki, ndipo mpingo zovuta Tsaplin.

Kayendedwe

The funso waukulu ikutuluka aliyense amene akufuna kuona Cyril Belozersky ansembe yotchedwa: "Kodi bwanji kumeneko?" Kuti apa chophweka njira ya Vologda. Ndi siteshoni m'dera basi mabasi zonse ku tauni ya Kirillov. Komanso Vologda mabungwe ambiri kupereka maulendo m'bungwe ndi maulendo kuti kunyumba ndi owonetsera zakale. Tikumbukenso ambiri akufunitsitsa kuti St. Cyril-Belozersky obisika. Momwe ku malo oyera? Mungathe kupeleka ulendo pagalimoto. Vologda Kirillov zikugwirizana ndi njira P-5, amene amapita ku kopita 130 Km.

Pali maulendo yopita ku St. Cyril-Belozersky ansembe yotchedwa, zimene mukukamba (makamaka Moscow), malawi amaperekedwa pa malo, ndi zina kukhala pulogalamu.

Kodi kuwona

Today Cyril Belozersky obisika, zithunzi zimene anagunda kukongola kumbuyo ndi mphamvu, kupereka kuyendera osati maofesi osiyanasiyana a m'kachisi, komanso kusonkhanitsa chuma cha zojambula za akatswiri m'deralo, magulu nsalu wowerengeka ndi chuma ethnographic. Nthawi zonse mumakhala zosiyanasiyana zisudzo chidwi. Koma chofunika kwambiri kalembera - ndi chizindikiro cha Cyril-Belozersky obisika. Apa anasonkhana gulu lalikulu la zithunzi za Russia wakale.

kumene kukhala

Kotero inu anaganiza zopita ku "St. Cyril-Belozersky obisika." Keyala mlingo: Vologda dera, Kirillov, m'dera la m'nyumbayi-otetezedwa. Phone kulamula maulendo: + 7- 81757-3-14-79. okwana tikiti mtengo wamkulu ndi 500 rubles ana ndi anthu olumala ndi opindulitsa.

Inu mukufuna kuwona Cyril Belozersky obisika? Kodi kukhala, ife sanasankhebe? Tikhoza kunena kuti zonse zili bwino ndi mayikidwe a Kirillov. Pali Map angapo ndipo nyumba alendo. Pakuti amwendamnjira malawi yoperekedwa pa malo a obisika, chifukwa anthu amene akufuna kuphatikiza malonda ndi zosangalatsa anapereka malawi pa malo alendo pamalo okongola a North.