Amene nthambi zidzasankhidwa Asilavo anthu? Zakale ndi zamakono anthu Asilavo

Asilavo lero - ndi yaikulu m'dera ethno-zinenero mu Europe. Iwo okhala m'madera ambiri ndipo lili pafupi miliyoni 300-350 anthu. M'nkhani ino ife kuyang'ana pa anthu zimene nthambi zidzasankhidwa Asilavo, tiyeni tikambirane mbiri ya mapangidwe awo ndi kulekanitsidwa. Komanso kukhudza kwakung'ono pa siteji panopa kufala kwa Asilavo chikhalidwe ndi zikhulupiliro achipembedzo Pamilunguyo mafuko mu njira ya chitukuko ndi mapangidwe.

Mfundo za chiyambi

Komanso m'nkhani ino tiona zimene nthambi zidzasankhidwa mitundu Asilavo. Koma tsopano ndi kumvetsa kuti, kumene gulu mitundu.

Choncho, malinga ndi olemba akale, anthu athu ali mbadwa ku kholo limodzi. Iwo anali Yafeti, mwana wa Nowa. chiwerengerochi, malinga ndi mbiri, ndi anapereka moyo mafuko monga Amedi, ndi Sarmatians, Asikuti, Thracians, Illyrians, Asilavo, British ndi mayiko ena a ku Ulaya.

Aluya ankadziwa Asilavo, monga mbali ya gulu la anthu a kumadzulo, zimene zinaphatikizapo Turkey, Ugric ndi Asilavo kum'mawa kwa Ulaya. marekodi awo ankhondo, olemba mbiri kusonkhana yense ndi mawu akuti "Sakaliba". Pambuyo pake anatchedwa ku deserters Byzantine asilikali amene anatenga Islam.

Agiriki akale ndi Aroma anatcha Asilavo "sklaviny" ndi malotowo kwa mmodzi wa mitundu ya Asikuti - Scoloti. Nthawi zina kukokera pamodzi ethnonyms Wends ndi Asilavo.

Motero nthambi zitatu mitundu Asilavo, dera limene pansipa, ndi kholo limodzi. Koma kenako chitukuko diverged kwambiri chifukwa gawo lalikulu la Pamudzi ndi chikoka cha zikhalidwe ndi zikhulupiriro oyandikana.

Izi ndi zimene tikambirana zina.

History of kuthetsa

Kenako ife adzakulanga mwaukali padera kwa gulu lililonse la mafuko, koma tsopano muyenera kudziwa kuti nthambi iliyonse ya anthu Asilavo zidzasankhidwa ndi momwe ndondomeko resettlement.
Choncho, kwa nthawi yoyamba za mafuko awa anatchula Tacitus ndi Pliny Wamkulu. Izi mbiri yakale achiroma m'mabuku awo analankhula za Wends okhala m'madera Baltic. Malinga ndi nyengo ya moyo wa kanjedza boma, Asilavo kale m'zaka za m'ma AD chachiwiri.

Otsatirawa, amene analankhula za mafuko amenewa anali Prokopiy Kesariysky , ndi Priscus, wolemba Byzantine ndi sikolala. Koma mfundo yonse, amene ikukhudzana bwanji ndi doletopisnomu nthawi akupezeka ndi wolemba mbiri Gothic Jordan.

Iye akusimba kuti Sklave - wodziimira fuko, adayima kuchokera Veneto. Mu madera kumpoto kwa Vistula Mtsinje (Wisla amakono) akutchula "anthu ambiri Veneti" imene anawagawa Antes ndi sklavenov. Woyamba anali kukhala m'mbali mwa Euxine Ponto (Black Sea) kuchokera Danastra (Dniester) kuti Danapra (Dnipro). Sklave ndi anthu (mzinda Iskach pa Danube) Noviodunum kuti Danastra ndi Vistula kumpoto.

Motero, zana lachisanu ndi chimodzi AD, makolo a Asilavo - Sklave atakhala pa mayiko a Vistula ndi Dniester kwa Danube. Kenako olemba osiyanasiyana amatchula malo mochuluka kwambiri kuthetsa mafuko awa. Kufika pansi ku Central ndi ku Eastern Europe.

Kodi UWAZE nthambi zitatu za anthu Asilavo? Chiwembu, zomwe ife pamwambawo limasonyeza kuti gululi kumpoto, kum'mwera ndi kum'mawa.

Poyamba, mabanja anasamukira ku mbali ya Black ndi Baltic Pacific. Monga nthawi imeneyi ndipo anafotokoza mu mbiri Gothic Jordan. Pafupi mayiko amenewa kugonjetsedwa ndi Avars nazigawa mafuko m'dera limodzi popanda.

Kwa zaka ziwiri (kuchokera chimodzi kwa chitatu) ya anthu m'tsinde kum'mawa kwa Alps ndi kugwa kugonja kwa mfumu Justinian II. Tikudziwa zimenezi zilembedwe mu mbiri, amene amanena kuti nkhondo ya asilikali Byzantine kwa Aluya. Monga mbali ya usilikali ndipo amatchedwa sklaviny.

M'nthawi ya chitatu, mafuko awa kuwafika Balkan Peninsula kum'mwera ndi kumpoto cha Nyanja ya Ladoga.

South Asilavo

Kumadzulo ndi kum'mwera Asilavo, pamene ife tikuwona, inakhazikitsidwa pa nthawi zosiyanasiyana. Pa chiyambi cha yense wa mafuko anapambulwa Antes, yemwe anapita kummawa, ku mbali ya Black Sea ndi Dnieper. Koma m'zaka za m'ma chitatu, fuko lino anayamba yothetsa Balkan Peninsula.

zimachitika motere. Ena East ndi West Asilavo mafuko anasamukira kukafunafuna dziko labwino kum'mwera chakumadzulo kwa Nyanja Adriatic.

Azambiriyakale kusiyanitsa magulu izi kusamuka izi: Obodrits (mu mbiri European kudziwika monga predenitsenty) Severtsev (kulankhulana ndi northerners a), Serbia, Croatia ndi ena. Mwachidule, ndi mafuko amene anali kukhala m'mbali mwa njira ya mtsinje wa Danube.

Choncho wakale Asilavo anthu akhala mphamvu kuti anaphatikizana kagulu ka m'deralo ndipo kenako mu Balkans ndi Nyanja Adriatic kukhazikitsa boma.

Koma kayendedwe kum'mwera chakumadzulo panali kamodzi kampeni. yobereka zosiyanasiyana anasamuka mathamangidwe ake osati kwambiri mbali imodzi. Choncho ochita kafukufuku omwe afunsidwa magulu atatu, amene anapanga pa kusamuka kumpoto chakumadzulo (kwa izo mtsogolo anapanga Slovenia), kum'mawa (a Bulgarians ano ndi Amakedoniya) ndi kumadzulo (Croatia ndi Serbia).

mitundu Western

Makolo wamba anthu Asilavo, amene ngakhale Aroma ankadziwa mmene wends poyamba kumene kuli mayiko a Poland ano mwina mu Germany. Kenako m'dera anapanga gulu lalikulu la mafuko.

Amaphatikiza dziko ku Elbe kwa Oder ndi ku Baltic kwa miyala m'mapiri. Akatswiri kugawana chisokonezeko ili m'magulu atatu malingana ndi malo awo okhala.

mafuko chakumadzulo ankatchedwa bodrichi (reregi ndi Obodrits), South - Sorbs (Kumaphatikizaponso gawo la Serbia) ndi gulu chapakati - lutici (kapena Veleta). Atatu otchulidwa mitundu poyamba anali asilikali ndipo mafuko mapangano. Nthawi zina mosiyana kunena za m'dera chachinayi. mamembala ake amadzitcha Pomerania nakhala pa gombe Baltic.

Pang'onopang'ono, chifukwa cha kusamuka kwa Polabian Asilavo m'mayiko ulesi anapanga Polish, Silesia, Czech, ndi mafuko pomoryanskie lehitskie.

Choncho, kumadzulo ndi kum'mwera Asilavo amasiyana kuti kale poyamba anali zamakolo ku madera awa, ndi wachiwiri anafika ku Danube ku gombe Adriatic.

East Asilavo

Malinga ndi mbiri European kumadzulo, ntchito ya mbiri ya ufumu wa Roma ndi ntchito Byzantine, dera la kum'mawa Asilavo nthawi chilamulira chikhalidwe ndi mayanjano mafuko Antes.

Monga tikudziwa pa umboni wa mbiri Gothic Yordano, anakakhala kum'mawa dziko la Carpathian Mapiri. Ndipo Byzantines kuti resettlement m'dera anafika kugombe la Dnieper.

Zinthu zamakedzana zogwirizana ndi mfundo imeneyi. Kuchokera wachiwiri kwa m'zaka za zana lachinayi AD pakati pa Dnieper ndi Dniester pali otchedwa Chernyakhovskaya chikhalidwe.

Kenako m'malo mwa Penkovskaya m'dera ofukula zinthu zakale. Pakati pa zikhalidwe izi pali kusiyana mu zaka ziwiri, koma akukhulupirira kuti kusiyana woteroyo chifukwa cha kuloŵerera a mafuko ena ndi ena.

Choncho, kumene kunachokera anthu Asilavo anali zotsatira za mapangidwe lodalirika la madera akuluakulu angapo mayanjano yaing'ono mafuko. Kenako olemba a Kievan Lazaro adzapereka mayina a magulu awa: kudula drevlyans, Dregovichi, vyatichi ndi mafuko ena.

Malinga ndi mbiri yakale Russian, chifukwa cha magulu mitundu khumi kum'mawa Asilavo anapanga ndi wamphamvu mphamvu akale monga Kiev Russ.

Momwe zinthu zikusinthira

Choncho, tikambirana nanu zomwe nthambi zidzasankhidwa mitundu Asilavo. Komanso, tinakambirana za mmene anali ndondomeko kuthetsa mafuko kum'mwera ndi kum'mawa.

Modern anthu Asilavo ndi wosiyana pang'ono kwa makolo awo mwachindunji. Iwo kuphatikiza chikhalidwe makhalidwe awo zipsera magulu oyandikana mafuko, ndi ambiri achilendo mlendo.

Mwachitsanzo, ambiri a m'madera a ku Russia komanso kumadzulo kwa Ukraine, ina Kievan Lazaro, ndi zaka zochepa anali pansi pa Mongol-Chitata goli. Choncho, enanso ambirimbiri monga ngongole ku zinenero Turkic. Komanso ena zokongoletsera chikhalidwe ndi miyambo sitolo zipsera opondereza chikhalidwe.

South Asilavo kwakukulukulu atengera Agiriki ndi anthu a ku Turkey. Choncho, pa mapeto a nkhani tidzakhala ndi kukambirana nkhani za chipembedzo. Kale mafuko achikunja lero ali m'zipembedzo zosiyanasiyana za zipembedzo Abulahamu.

Bwinobwino zimene nthambi anawagawa anthu Asilavo, mbadwa sindikudziwa, koma monga ulamuliro, aliyense mosavuta kudziwa za "countryman anzake". South Asilavo pachikhalidwe loderako ndi chilankhulo iwo skips phonemes zenizeni zimene zimapezeka m'derali. Nkhani yofanana ndi ndi ana a kumadzulo ndi kum'mawa mayanjano mafuko.

Choncho, kodi lero dziko sinkagwiritsidwa nthambi zosiyanasiyana za Asilavo anthu?

Boma la South Asilavo

Modern anthu Asilavo anakakhala madera ambiri a kum'mawa ndi Europe Central. Komabe, mu zikhalidwe za kudalirana kwa anthu owayimilira angapezeke pafupifupi kulikonse pa dziko lapansi. Ndi mbali ya maganizo athu ndi chotero kuti patapita nthawi yochepa anansi ayamba kumvetsa zinenero Asilavo. Asilavo nthawi zonse anafunafuna kuchita alendo kwa chikhalidwe chawo, ndi pang'ono kudzikonda kupereka m'kati kuloŵerera.

Masiku ano Kumwera Asilavo monga Slovenia ndi Montenegro, Makedoniya ndi Bulgarians, Croatia Bosnians ndi Serbia. Anthu ambiri amakhala m'dera la limati zawo mitundu, monga Bulgaria, Bosnia ndi Herzegovina, Macedonia, Slovenia, Montenegro, Serbia ndi Croatia.

Kuti kwenikweni dera la Balkan Peninsula ndi gawo kumpoto kum'mawa kwa Adriatic gombe.

South Asilavo mitundu lero ayamba kusuntha kuchoka lingaliro la gulu la anthu awa, kulowa banja latsopano la European Union. Komabe, zaka zingapo zapitazo panali pofuna kulenga dziko wamba ndi anthu wopangidwa yekha wa South Asilavo, koma analephera. Pa nthawi ina iyo inkatchedwa boma la Yugoslavia.

Kunja kwa limati dziko mamembala a nthambi imeneyi ya anthu Asilavo, malingana ndi kuwerengera boma kwambiri miyoyo mu Italy, Hungary, Austria, Romania, Turkey, Albania, Greece ndi Moldova.

Dziko Asilavo kumadzulo

Popeza ethnogeny anthu Asilavo makamaka zinachitika poyamba pa dera la Poland zamakono Germany, anthu a mafuko Western pafupifupi kuchotsedwa kwawo.

Lero ana awo amakhala Poland, Germany, Czech Republic ndi Slovakia. Anatinso ethnologists anthu asanu, amene ali nthambi West Asilavo. Zitsulo, Czechs, Slovaks, ndi Sorbs Kashubes.

Woyamba magulu atatu mitundu moyo makamaka m'mayiko ndi mayina ofanana ndi awiri otsiriza - m'madera ena. Sorbs, monga zambiri Wendy lugii ndi sorbitol, padziko chithaphwi. Dera limeneli ndi mbali chapamwamba ndipo m'munsi zili Saxony ndi Brandenburg, motero.

Kashubes moyo m'dziko lotchedwa Kashubia. Ndi gawo la masiku Republic Polish anthu. Likulu zosavomerezeka wa mtundu uwu ndi mzinda wa Kartuzy. Komanso, oimira ambiri a mtundu izi zimapezeka mu Gdynia.

Kashubia amaonana ndi mfunda, koma kuzindikira nzika Polish. Pakati pake, iwo anawagawa m'magulu angapo, malingana ndi kumene amakhala, maonekedwe a zovala dziko, ntchito ndi zosiyana kalasi. Choncho, ena a iwo ndi zaboryaki, parchanskaya olemekezeka, gbury, alendo, gohi ndi magulu ena.

Choncho, tikhoza kunena motsimikiza kuti anthu ambiri kumadzulo Asilavo ngati n'kotheka miyambo anapulumutsidwa. Ena akugwirabe mu zamanja miyambo ndi ntchito Komabe, kuposa kukopa alendo.

mphamvu East Asilavo

Dera yamakono ya Asilavo kum'mawa amatanthauza m'mayiko monga Russia, Ukraine ndi Belarus. Lero, mayiko akhoza kukhala mu mphambano nthawi. Pamaso pa amitundu awo afunika kusankhapo chimodzi: kukhalabe odzipereka kwa njira mwambo wa moyo, kapena kupita njira ya abale kum'mwera, kutenga azungu asintha.

Boma kamodzi wamphamvu - Kievan Lazaro kenako lidzasinthidwa maiko atatuwa. Chinapangidwa padziko Moscow Moscow ufumu, pambuyo Russian Ufumu. Kyiv ogwirizana mozungulira dziko la mafuko ambiri ku Carpathians kwa Don. Ndipo Belarus wapanga mu nkhalango ya Polesie. Potengera dzina la dera, gawo lalikulu la dziko zimapezeka ndi ana a Polischuks ndi Pinchuk.

Chipembedzo nthambi zosiyanasiyana za Asilavo

Russian Federation, Ukraine ndi Belarus - dera la makono a Asilavo kum'mawa. Apa ambiri a anthu ali Akhristu Orthodox.

Mfundo kuchoka boma kuchokera ku chikunja kunachitika m'zaka khumi, pamene Kiev Prince Vladimir Veliky anabatizidwa Lazaro. Koma mu 1054 panali magawano kwambiri mu Chikhristu, pamene panali osiyana Orthodox ndi Mkatolika. Kum'mawa ndi mafuko kum'mwera kum'mawa anakhalabe wokhulupirika kwa kholo la Constantinople, ndi kumadzulo ndi kum'mwera chakumadzulo anakhala kumbali ya Mpingo wa Chiroma Katolika.

Panthawi ina mu mbiri, magulu ena a South Asilavo kwa Islam. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti m'mayiko awo anali pansi pa gori la Ottoman. Kwa anzathu Turkey achita zambiri zabwino. Lero Asilamu ndi Gorani, Bosniaks, Pomaks, ndi mulu Torbeshi.

Choncho, pepala ili taphunzira ethnogenesis ya anthu Asilavo, ndipo anayankhula za magawano awo mu nthambi zitatu. Komanso kumvetsa zimene maiko ambiri a m'dera limene mukukhala kum'mwera, kum'mawa ndi kumadzulo mafuko.