Concept ndi mitundu ya asandilembe udindo kuyan'anila za la Russia

Mawu akuti "udindo chigawenga" chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu Code wa Kayendesedwe Wachifwamba ndi Code Wachifwamba. Mawu amenewa kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ya kumapeto investigative ndi zachiweruzo, chiphunzitso ndi moyo watsiku ndi tsiku. Nkhaniyi ikuchita ndi lingaliro ndi mitundu ya asandilembe udindo pa chigawenga. Pali njira zingapo kuti tanthauzo lake.

Kodi zikutanthauzanji udindo pa chigawenga?

Chiphunzitso cha malamulo a boma, bungwe ili imatengedwa mu mbali ziwiri: HIV ndi zosiyana - negative. Mbali yoyamba izo limanenedwa ngati njira zoipa zimene anthu khalidwe n'kosaloleka operekedwa ntchito ziletso zina ndi lobadwa munthu weniweni. Mbali zabwino kumafuna palibe kuphwanya zofunika anakhazikitsa.

udindo pa chigawenga ayenera kumvetsa ngati makamaka mawonekedwe a udindo pa malamulo, anakhazikitsa lamulo ziwawa zina, n'kuyamba amachirikiza iwo. Iwo akuyendera mwa mawonekedwe a chilango pamene chigamulo kake.

Lingaliro la asandilembe udindo chigawenga ndi chikhalidwe cha

Mfundo ndi kumatanthauza mogwirizana ndi zolinga zawo, ndizoonekeratu kuti boma poyankha kwa kuphwanya malamulo oletsa wokhazikitsidwa iwo, kuti mosalephera, koma pa nthawi yomweyo kusintha. Mu nkhani iyi, angathe kupewa kwambiri kupondereza chigawenga kapena chiletso asamakhale ndi ufulu yovomerezeka ndi zinthu. Mogwirizana ndi zimene zambiri zambiri zomveka ndi zolondola (uweme ndi chilungamo) yankho ndi njira zochepa kwambiri chifukwa cha kukhazikitsa linachepa. Pankhaniyi, tikhoza kulankhula za mfundo asandilembe udindo pa chigawenga. kulunjika ake kwagona kuti zoweta kufufuza, loya kapena woweruza poyerekezera ndi munthu mlandu akamaziwononga malamulo a boma otsimikiza sadzakhala chija, munthu amapeza udindo wa "alibe mbiri chigawenga." Komabe, sizikutanthauza anali wosalakwa kapena kusapezeka mu nkhani iyi ndi mlandu. Iye sali anamasulidwa, kuphatikizapo udindo malamulo a mayikowo, udindo kunyamula mtengo malamulo, ayenera utsogoleri kapena chilango chilango, kutsutsidwa anthu ndi chilango. Boma mu nkhani iyi kuchokera pa mlandu wa munthu wolakwa Kodi ayi, koma limangokhudza iye miyeso zambiri zopindulitsa ndi zofewa.

Mitundu ya asandilembe udindo pa chigawenga

Mitundu m'munsimu anafotokozedwa monga item osiyana: chiyanjanitso ndi woberedwa, kulapa, mathero malamulo a zofooka. Palinso zifukwa zenizeni zimene malamulo mu zolemba kuti chiwerengero cha nkhani ya Code Wachifwamba. Lingaliro ndi mitundu ya asandilembe udindo pa chigawenga ali m'gulu la Amnesty, kuphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito miyeso chogonedwa monyengeleredwa munthu amene wapita upandu asanafike zaka 18, mu mawonekedwe a chikoka maphunziro.

kulapa yogwira

Mitundu yonse ya asandilembe udindo chigawenga kuchita ntchito dongosolo la Nkhani za Code Wachifwamba, ndi kuzindikiridwa izi Art choncho. 75. Mfundo yofunika kuti munthu amene wachita mlandu kwa nthawi yoyamba ndi mwamphamvu yaing'ono kapena sing'anga, kuchokera udindo zigawenga akhoza kumasulidwa ngati panali: kupezeka (mokakamizidwa zaufulu) kupalamula, kuthandiza kufufuza za, chipukutamisozi kumawononga kapena kukonza wovutitsidwayo. Ntchito muyeso zimenezi ndi zinthu zochepa. Choyamba, upandu kuti tinalakwa koyamba ndi munthu, kapena ngati panali chikhulupiriro, koma wapatsidwa kapena amalipidwa, kapena ngati munthu kale litasamuka ku udindo pa chigawenga. Kachiwiri, chaching'ono kapena pafupifupi kukula kwa mchitidwewo. Chachitatu, kufunsira asandilembe udindo pa zigawenga ndi kulapa yogwira. Amenewa amanena za ntchito yeniyeni, zochita simenti omwe akusonyeza kuti munthu ali wachisoni ndi kutsimikiza kuchotsa ngozi zokhudza udindo kuchita. Izi, ngati tatchulazi, kudzipereka kwawo, thandizo zaufulu maulamuliro investigative ndi makhoti kukhazikitsa zochitika (lenileni) umbanda ndi zina zotero. D. Ndipo chinthu ntchito kulapa yogwira ndi pamaso pa zochitika zonse mogwirizana ndi gawo loyamba la Nkhani 75th wa Code Wachifwamba.

Pa malo awa asandilembe udindo pa zigawenga ndi chomaliza, sizingasinthe ndipo mtheradi ndi m'mikhalidwe palibe izo Simungabweze.

Chiyanjanitso ndi chipani wosakondwela

N'zotheka asandilembe udindo kuyan'anila za munthu kuti ntchito ya kukhumudwa ndi yaing'ono kapena pakati ngati anakambirana ndi munthuyo komanso kuti akonze zolakwika chifukwa mavuto kwa iye. Maziko mu nkhani iyi ndi ya zinthu zonse. Woyamba awiri Pankhaniyi ofanana ndi nkhani yapita. A chikhalidwe yeniyeni ndi conciliation weniweni malipiro chimawononga (abwino ndi / kapena chuma). Ndinu Pankhaniyi angabwere osati ku mlandu, komanso a wovulalayo kapena anthu ena, kuphatikizapo matupi investigative ndi zachiweruzo. Komabe, kutero salephera, iwo safunika. Malinga ndi ankaona m'munsi kutulutsidwa kwa munthu pa udindo chigawenga - si chinthu choyenera, koma ufulu wa boma investigative kapena milandu. Pankhani imeneyi pali chofunika wina. Yoyenera yazamalamulo mabungwe ayenera kuzindikira pamaziko a choncho file wa moyenera kanthu.

lamulo zofooka

Wosamasula pansi mfundo Wachifwamba Code a udindo pa malo mulole, pa nthawi imene tsiku la ntchito ya kachitidwe chigawenga zinachitika:

• zaka 2 (yokoka yaing'ono amachita);
• zaka 6 (pafupifupi kulemera);
• zaka 10 (kwambiri);
• zaka 15 (kwambiri aakulu).

Malinga ndi malamulo ambiri zokhudza mawerengedwe a mawu, nthawi ya asandilembe udindo chigawenga ayenera kutengedwa kwa maola 00:00 tsiku lotsatira tsiku umene udaperekedwa ndi kuchita chigawenga, ndipo mpaka maola 00:00 wa moyo tsiku lomaliza. Komabe, tiyenera kukumbukira ndi zina zabwino ochepa. Mwa nthawi malire adzakhala phunziro kwa kuyimitsidwa, pamene munthu wachita mlandu ndi kubisalira matupi kufufuza kapena chilungamo, ndipo anayambiranso kuchokera tsiku kumangidwa kwenikweni kapena kugonja kwawo.

kumasulidwa m'munsi

zikhalidwe za kumasulidwa ku udindo kuyan'anila za mtundu uwu anapanga wa mndandanda wa zinthu yokhala ndi malamulo anafotokoza za Iye m'chilamulo, ndi zochokera leni (chuma) maziko. Kunena zambiri za aliyense. Kuti zinthu malamulo monga:

• tsiku lomalizira anapereka wopanga malamulo, ndipo malingana ndi gulu la upandu;
• zochitika kuteteza malire nthawi zikusowa (munthu mlandu alibe manyazi kufufuza ndi mayesero, koma sanali chogwira).

Mu nkhani zenizeni m'munsi kapena akuti anazindikira wopanga malamulo anafotokoza zinthu tatchulazi. Kwagona kuti munthu mlandu, osati kubweretsa chilungamo munthawi ndi kutsogolera kwa omvera malamulo zina njira ya moyo, ndi ngozi yaikulu kwa anthu pa nthawi wotaya gawo kapena mu utumiki. Pa nkhani imeneyi, kufunika chimamangidwa ziletso pa izo kusiyiratu.

Pa mlandu motsatirana kwa asandilembe chigawenga udindo (Wachifwamba Code) adzakhala nazo mtheradi, sizingasinthe ndi okhazikika, iyo siingakhoze zimafika zivute zitani.

mafunso ntchito

Imodzi mwa mfundo zofunika kwambiri - mauthenga pa amene ayenera kulimbana ndi vutoli. Zimenezi imatengedwa pa m'munsi milandu onse - ndi udindo mwachindunji yazamalamulo. Malamulo onse pali kuchotserapo. Asandilembe udindo pa chigawenga (Wachifwamba Code, mu mbali yachinayi ya nkhani 78th) kwa iwo anapezeka wolakwa pa zolakwa chilango m'ndende moyo kapena imfa, sikowumiriza, ziribe kanthu kuchuluka nthawi wadutsa kuchokera ku tsiku la ntchito yawo. Funso ntchito ndi ulemu kwa anthu oterowo, malamulo a zofooka wakhala bwalo. Pamafunika nkhani adzadziwire lobadwa, ndi kukula kwa vutolo, nthawi imene imene yapita chifukwa udaperekedwa, ndi zina.

lamulo lirilonse m'banja molumikizana ndi malamulo adziko lonse lapansi. Choncho, Article 78 a Code Wachifwamba ndi nkhani akonzedwa wachisanu wina kupatulapo kwa lamulo zofooka: mwa kulemekeza anthu amene anachita machimo akuluakulu ndi anthu (mtendere ndi chitetezo), chakuti satsatira.

Amnesty

Tanthauzo ndi mafunso a tanthauzo lake kuti anthu olakwa zolakwa ataphimbidwa ndi Nkhani 84 ya Code Wachifwamba. Mu tanthauzo lake loyambirira kumasulira kwa lingaliro Greek a "Amnesty" amatanthauza kuyiwala kapena, mwa kulankhula kwina, chikhululukiro, amene amapereka mphamvu. Concept ndi mitundu ya asandilembe udindo chigawenga zikuphatikizapo mchitidwe wa boma mphamvu (malamulo). Mungaipeze poyerekezera ndi anthu mosadziwika amene achita kuchita chigawenga. Malinga ndi mchitidwe wa Amnesty, iwo akhoza amamasulidwa ku chilango (kapena amavala kutali, m'malo ndi wina, ndipo anthu amenewo kuti adachoka kuchotsedwa kukhudzidwa) kapena udindo pa chigawenga. chikalata ichi watero State Duma la Chitaganya cha Russia. Amnesty ndi chikhalidwe chake ndi anayambitsa zovuta za lamulo.

chikhululukiro

Iwo ali kusiyana lofunika ku Amnesty lapansi. Choyamba, chikhululukiro okhawo munthu zenizeni. Chachiwiri, lili ndi mphamvu yekha mutsogoleli wa boma latsopano la Russia. Pepani alibe khalidwe normative, limenelo ndi khalidwe la malamulo. Agwiritsidwa yekha kuti anthu ena mwachindunji mwachindunji m'menemo.

Mavuto a asandilembe udindo pa milandu mchitidwe wa chikhululukiro ndi interdisciplinary mu chikhalidwe, kumaphatikizapo malamulo a boma, oyendetsera dziko ndi malamulo, ndondomeko ndi mulandu ndi mbali wamkulu.

wosamasula oletsedwa kwa udindo pa chigawenga

Mu Kuthi chigawenga, mmodzi wa mavuto chachikulu - ndi amphumphu komanso mofulumira Kuwulura upandu kuti poyera perpetrators ndi ntchito zawo kulemekeza chilango choyenera. Mu izi mogwirizana kufunika n'kosaloleka asandilembe udindo pa chigawenga. Wa Code Wachifwamba Gawo 21 la kufufuza ndi matupi wozenga akusokoneza ntchito zina. Pogona mu kukhazikitsa milandu pamene detects zizindikiro za upandu. Njira kumasula ndi kusankha kuti mutibalalitse choncho pansi pa Code Wachifwamba kapena kukana kuyambitsa.

Choncho, wosamasula n'kosaloleka pa udindo chigawenga likuoneka ndi Zimalepheretsa zoyamba za nkhondo yolimbana ndi umbanda, zosemphana ndi zopanda zinthu zikukhalira chilango. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, onse kuphatikiza kuswa ntchito yachibadwa a dongosolo milandu.

Atafufuza mafunso yaikulu "Concept ndi mitundu ya asandilembe udindo chigawenga", tingakhulupirire kuti ndi bungwe zofunika za lamulo limeneli makampani. Pamafunika mosamala ndi kusintha malinga ndi malamulo adziko lonse lapansi.