Common zakutchire oat zomera

Namsongole kumabweretsa mavuto ambiri alimi ndi wamaluwa. Koma mtsogoleri wa umoyo wake ku n'zovuta kwambiri kuti amuchotsepo. Chimakula dzinthu kulikonse afesedwa. Ndi pafupi ndi kasupe tirigu, balere, Mapila, chikhalidwe ndi mbewu zina. Dzina la udzu wa - Mapila zakutchire wamba. Werengani zambiri za mbewu anafotokoza m'nkhani.

kafukufuku wakapangidwe kazachilengedwe

Wild Oat (dzina lina - oat) - ndi chomera pachaka womera ndi kutalika kwa 80-120 masentimita Zake zimayambira ali chilili, amaliseche. Mizu ndi fibrous, bwino anakamba.

Masamba lathyathyathya kutalika kwa masentimita 30, tsinde anakonza linearly. Mawonekedwe a molunjika kapena pang'ono anapotoza counterclockwise. Ndi chidwi m'mbali ciliated, chokongoletsedwa ndi tsitsi kawirikawiri ndi yaitali (cilia) mu mzere.

Inflorescence - yaitali (30 cm) wodzaza panicle. Chomera ali lalikulu zakutchire Mapila spikelets ndi 2 kapena 3 maluwa, limamasula kwa oyambirira June kuti mochedwa August. Baibulo limodzi amapereka kwa mbewu 500-600 - mbewu spindle woboola pakati. 1000 zakutchire oat zipatso akulemera magalamu 15-25. Kusunga kumera awo pafupifupi zaka 3-4, ndi m'mikhalidwe yabwino kwa zaka 7-9.

inafikira

M'dera la kufalitsa n'chachikulu kwambiri. Mapila Wild, komanso namsongole ena ambiri, mwangwiro ndinazolowera zikhalidwe chokhwima nyengo. Iwo mofanana bwino analekerera kutentha ndi kuzizira, "wochezeka" tizirombo kuti musakhudze, mwangwiro kupikisana ndi zomera zina, onse chikhalidwe ndi namsongole, nthawi zambiri kuwina nkhondo gawo.

Common oat zakutchire amapezeka paliponse mu Europe ndi ku Asia. Mwachitsanzo, mu Kazakhstan, mbewu dera chosaneneka Mapila chopanda kanthu za 4-4.5 mln. Ha! Komanso kukula kulikonse North America, nthawi zambiri amapezeka mu Africa North. Lero, Mapila zakutchire kumafuna kum'mwera, kusinthasintha kwa zinthu zatsopano ndi kugonjetsa Chigawo kum'mwera kwa dzikoli.

zikuchitikazi oyenera kukula kwa oat zakutchire Kodi

Mbewu kumera pa kutentha 3-4 ° C nthaka, koma kutentha kwambiri abwino kumera - ndi 15-18 ° C. Mbande kwambiri yotheka analandira kuchokera mbewu, amene ali pa akuya 10-15 cm, koma iwo kumera pansi pa mphamvu ndi kuya 20-25 cm, 30-40 cm, ngakhale pamaso pa chinyezi chokwanira ndi bwino nyengo yofunda.

mbewu yotheka kukhala pansi zinthu zonse zaka zitatu, ndi pansi yabwino - ngakhale mpaka zaka zisanu ndi zinayi.

Malinga ndi kalendala ya anthu, chachikulu zakutchire mbande oat kuoneka pasanathe masiku angapo pambuyo pa birches pachimake masamba.

Ovsg wamba - undemanding chomera. Iye mokondwera makutu amadyera ndi limamasula m'chilimwe yotentha. Zilibe kufa pa chilala yaitali. Clogging mbewu chikhalidwe, izo silinasinthe pambuyo nkhondo ya tizirombo ndi matenda. Adzaupereka kwa zomera gulu trudnoiskorenimyh. N'zovuta kwambiri kuti apambane.

Mfundo zosangalatsa za kupulumuka kwa Mapila kuthengo

Ngati inu kutenga chipatso cha Mapila zakutchire, kukapanda kuleka Iye angapo madontho a madzi, weevil mozizwitsa "amoyo"! Iye ayamba kusuntha - woyamba pang'onopang'ono, ndiye mofulumira ndipo mofulumira likuzungulira nguli. limagwirira Ichi chizathandiza weevil okha kukumba mu nthaka akuya kufunika. Small mvula yokwanira anagwa mbewu za m'tchire oat wamba "moyo" ndipo mwamsanga Amira pansi. Tper weevil modekha dolezhat mpaka masika lotsatira kupereka mphukira zatsopano.

harmfulness

Komabe Mapila zakutchire nthawi onse ankhondo, chifukwa infests dzinthu ndipo akubweretsa zambiri kuwonongeka kwa mbewu:

• mwamphamvu uphwetsa nthaka, wosasiya chinyezi chikhalidwe tirigu. Mapangidwe makilogalamu 1 zipatso amatenga Mapila zakutchire malita 700 madzi, poyerekeza ndi tirigu - mpaka malita 500;
• kwambiri depletes nthaka. 100 makilogalamu mbewu oat amagwiritsa makilogalamu 50 asafe, phosphorous - 10-15 makilogalamu potaziyamu - makilogalamu 30. 100 makilogalamu tirigu amafuna makilogalamu 30 a asafe, phosphorous, makilogalamu 10, makilogalamu 20 a potaziyamu;
• kufalitsa muzu zowola;
• Imalimbikitsa kukula kwa ntchentche Swedish, nematodes, bunt;
• kwambiri kumachepetsa zokolola mbewu zokagulitsa (mwachitsanzo, mbeu tirigu yatsekera ngati Mapila zakutchire, ndiye zipatso zake stably ikagwa makilogalamu 10 pa mahekitala);
• Iwo mitanda mosavuta ndi Mapila chikhalidwe, kuchepetsa kuswana zake khalidwe.

The njira ya kulimbana

Kupambana Mapila zakutchire ntchito herbicides wamba. Mkulu Mwachangu anasonyeza "Kwambiri 080 AE" ndi "Super Topic 240 AE". Mbewu ya barele akulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito herbicide "ofananira 045".

Pamene kwambiri bii Mapila kanthu ntchito m'minda ugonere, ntchito wabwino mbewu.

Wamaluwa Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofuna kuthana izi udzu timathawa ndikutchetcha mphukira zake, kuyesera kuti ayiwononge Mapila zakutchire wamba ku dzidzira kwa kucha ndi kukhetsa mbewu panthaka. Koma njira imeneyi nizkoeffektiven chifukwa cha mbewu yodabwitsa kucha mbewu mu panicle anatambasula nthawi. Kodi zikutanthauza chiyani? Ankakonda kutenga litchowa tichipeza tiers atatu kazhdoi umene mbewu zipse mu nthawi yake. Pansi pa mbewu akadali ndithu wobiriwira, ndipo pamwamba iwo anayamba kugwa. Full kukhetsa amatenga mwezi wathunthu! Wina zozizwitsa kupulumuka limagwirira kuti amayi Nature wapereka Mapila zakutchire wamba.

Koma si onse. Lililonse gawo la mbewu panicle amasiyana maonekedwe ndi kwachilengedwenso makhalidwe, ndi tsogolo lawo:

• mu gawo m'munsi ndi mbewu yaikulu. Iwo infest tirigu;
• pakati gawo zipatso pang'ono ang'onoang'ono. ntchito yaikulu - kupereka pachaka watsopano mmera Mapila kanthu;
• mbewu zing'onozing'ono ali mu gawo pamwamba panicle lapansi. Iwo kwambiri wonyenga ndi yotheka. Yankholo mu dothi zaka 7-9, ndipo pamene mlimi anali wokondwa kwambiri kuti ine anapambana m'munda wake Mapila zakutchire wamba, mwadzidzidzi zimere.

Mapila Wild mankhwala wowerengeka

Mipweya ya udzu ukadali bwino bwino, koma asing'anga apeza ntchito kwa izo: ntchito pochepetsa chisindikizo ndi abscesses, chifukwa obstetrics, kwezani minofu kamvekedwe uterine, kusuta kutha zavismosti, kuthana ndi khansara.