Coloration zoteteza nyama. Mimicry, kubisa ndi coloration zoteteza

coloration zoteteza - ndi mtundu kumatenda ndi mawonekedwe a nyama kuti mupange eni wosaoneka malo awo. Ndipotu, mtundu wa chitetezo chabe zilombo zolusa achilengedwe. coloration zoteteza pamodzi ndi makhalidwe ena a mwini wake. Childs, nyama zobisika maziko womwe ndi mitundu yake, kuwonjezera, zimatengera kaimidwe zina ndi. Mwachitsanzo, agulugufe ambiri imakonzedwa padziko mtengo kotero kuti mawanga pa mapiko awo chinachitikira ndi mawanga pa makungwa, ndi bittern, amene zisa mabango, zinachitikira ngozi thupi lanu chimakakamiza pamodzi mapesi a zomera.

Ntchito ya chitetezo chabe zinyama

coloration zitetezeni ndi zofunika kwambiri makamaka pofuna kuteteza zamoyo oyambirira ontogeny (mphutsi, mazira ndi anapiye), komanso akuluakulu njira amangokhala a alipo, kapena mpumulo (mwachitsanzo, kugona) kwa nthawi yaitali. Komanso kuti n'chofunikira chachikulu mofulumira kusintha chitetezo malo. Mwachitsanzo, nyama zambiri chifukwa luso kusintha mtundu pamene kusintha kwa maziko osiyana. Mwachitsanzo, guloyo, fulonda, bilimankhwe. Mu M'madera a zitunda ofunda a nyama zambiri ndi mbalame imvera mitundu nyengo kusintha.

Kusiyanitsa mitundu itatu coloration zoteteza: kubisa, chionetsero ndi mimicry. Iwo onse uka kwa mogwirizana kwa zinthu zachilengedwe zochititsa moyo chifukwa zinthu zina zachilengedwe. Zoteteza coloration - izo biocenotic anatengera, anagwirizana chifukwa cha conjugate zamoyo wa chilombo ndi nyama. Kupatulapo osokonekera, koma pali chenjezo mtundu kuti kukopa ndi kugaŵa.

coloration zoteteza

Monga tanena ndi coloration zoteteza nyama zonse ali kufanana ndi malo omwe amakhala. Mwachitsanzo, m'chipululu abuluzi ndi njoka ndi lachikasu imvi ochekenera kuti agwirizane zomera ndi nthaka, ndi okhala kumadera achisanu ndi nthenga woyera ndi ubweya. Chotero masking nyama zimawathandiza kukhala wosaoneka adani. Izo zikhoza kukhala mwa njira zofanana ndi anthu okhala mabacteria chosiyana chikhalidwe. Mwachitsanzo, chifukwa mantid kapena ziwala, abuluzi kapena achule akukhala chivundikiro busa zoni pakati khalidwe mtundu wobiriwira. Komanso uli tizilombo, nyama zokwawa, achule, ndipo ngakhale mitundu ina ya mbalame za nkhalango zotentha. Nthawi zambiri zoteteza mitundu angakhale monga kujambula. Mwachitsanzo, gulugufe-lentochnitsy nawo mapiko chitsanzo cha kuchuluka kwa n'kupanga, mawanga ndi mizere. Pamene iwo akhala pansi pa mtengo, kwathunthu kuphatikiza ndi chithunzi cha makungwa ake. mfundo ina yofunika kwambiri ndi zoteteza coloration antishade - ndi kuunikiridwa pamene mbali ya nyama ali ndi mtundu akuda kuposa amene ali mu mthunzi. Mfundo imeneyi umaoneka nsomba amakhala ku zigawo chapamwamba madzi.

nyengo ochekenera

Mwachitsanzo, taganizirani okhala Titafika pamalo a. Choncho, partridges ankhandwe m'chilimwe ndi mtundu bulauni mu mtundu wa zomera, miyala ndi lichens, ndipo m'nyengo yozizira ilo limakhala loyera. Komanso, anthu a gulu pakati, monga nkhandwe, weasels, hares, stoats, kawiri pa chaka kusintha mtundu wa chovala. Nyengo ochekenera alipo tizilombo. Mwachitsanzo, listovidka ndi mapiko apangidwe ndi ikufanana pepala nkhuni. M'chilimwe ndi wobiriwira, ndipo m'dzinja kumakhaladi wooneka chikasu.

mantha ochekenera

Nyama zomwe ndi mitundu yowala, komanso chizindikiro, nthawi zambiri zotsegula, ngati ngozi si zimayambitsa. Iwo safuna kukhala wosamala, chifukwa nthawi zambiri iwo ndi owopsa kapena inedible. Awo chenjezo ochekenera chizindikiro pozungulira - musakhudze. Nthawi zambiri, pali ma zosiyanasiyana mitundu: wofiira, wakuda, wachikasu, zoyera. Mwachitsanzo, nambala ya tizilombo, mavu, njuchi, hornets, ladybirds, mbozi swallowtail etc.. ndi nyama amathamangira achule, salamanders. Mwachitsanzo, amathamangira achule ntchofu kotero poizoni kuti ntchito zochizira arrowheads. Mmodzi muvi ngati angaphe nyalugwe lalikulu.

mimicry ndi chiyani?

Tiyeni tione tanthauzo la mawu. Mimicry nyama - kufanana yambiri chitetezo ndi mitundu, komanso zimakhala zotetezeka. A chodabwitsa ofanana mu chikhalidwe anali woyamba anatulukira mu agulugufe South America, kotero m'magulu gilikonid (inedible mbalame) anali mabanga gulugufe woyera, amene ankawoneka kwambiri monga mtundu, kukula, mawonekedwe ndi mtundu pa ndege yoyamba. zodabwitsazi ndi ofala kwambiri tizilombo (agulugufe sesiidae ananamizira ngati hornets, ntchentche pansi-sifidy mavu ndi njuchi), nsomba ndi njoka. Chabwino, takambirana kuti mimicry zanzeru tsopano kulimbana ndi lingaliro la mtundu, dismembering ndi kusintha ochekenera.

zozitetezera

Pali nyama zambiri zimene mawonekedwe thupi ofanana ndi nkhani zosiyanasiyana zachilengedwe. katundu amenewa kuwapulumutsa kwa adani awo, makamaka ngati pamodzi ndi mawonekedwe a coloration zozitetezera. Pali mitundu yambirimbiri ya mbozi, amene angathe kuwonjezera pa ngodya ndi nthambi ya mtengo ndi kufa, zimene zinachitikira iwo kukhala ngati mphukira kapena nthambi. Kufanana ndi zomera ndi ambiri mitundu otentha tizilombo: kupemphera mantis mdierekezi, cicada Adelunga, tsiklopera, akridoksena, etc. Mothandizidwa ndi thupi akhoza masked chisudzo nyanja kapena kavalo-nyemba ...

coloration ndi

The mitundu yambiri ya pa dziko nyama ndi osakaniza mikwingwirima ndi mawanga kuti satsatira mwiniwake wa mawonekedwe, koma kamvekedwe ndi ornamentation zikulumikizana ndi maziko ozungulira. Amenewa mitundu monga dissects nyama, choncho dzina. Monga chitsanzo, giraffe kapena mbidzi. zifaniziro zawo mabanga ndi wovulidwa pafupifupi wosaoneka pakati pa African savannah zomera, makamaka analamula pamene kusaka kunja mfumu ya zilombo. zikomo Big zotsatira masking wa dismembering a mitundu zingaoneke ena achule. Mwachitsanzo, thupi la mtundu umodzi wa achule South African Bufo superciliaris zowoneka anagawa pawiri, chifukwa cha ichi wotaya mawonekedwe ake. Ambiri mitundu ya njoka nawonso dissects a mitundu, zomwe zimachititsa iwo zosaoneka ndi maziko a masamba wagwa ndi zomera zokongola. Komanso, mtundu uwu wa masking mwakhama ntchito anthu a dziko m'madzi ndi tizilombo.

kusintha mtundu

katundu Izi zimapangitsa nyama nkomwe noticeable pamene zikusintha. Pali nsomba zambiri kuti angathe kusintha mtundu wake ndi kusintha moyo. Mwachitsanzo, fulonda, talassoma, pipefish, akavalo, agalu, ndi zina zotero. D. Kodi kusintha mtundu ndi abuluzi, momveka kwambiri m'zimene nkhuni chameleon a. Komanso, kusintha mtundu ngati ngozi mollusc nyamayi, amathanso ananamizira ngati primers mtundu uliwonse, ndi ambiri kuchenjerera kubwereza ndondomeko nyanja. Mwaluso anakwanitsa ndi nkhanu wake zosiyanasiyana, achule, tizilombo chekeni ndi akangaude.