Cobalt bomba ngati chida zoopsa.

Cobalt bomba ndi kusinthidwa ongolankhula ya zida zoopsa, imbaenda digiri yapamwamba ya kuipitsidwa nyukiliya ndi kuipitsidwa wa m'deralo ndi mphamvu zochepa kuphulika lapansi. Cobalt bomba amatanthauza zida radiological, amene ngati chinthu chochititsa chidwi ndi ionizing cheza. Pa nthawi yomweyo, chifukwa cha kufooka wachibale kuphulika, pafupifupi dziko lonse zomangamanga, nyumba, nyumba ndi nyumba sizisintha.

Cobalt bomba - chida nyukiliya chipolopolo chimene sichinali chopangidwa ureniamu-238 ndi cobalt, 59 kuchokera. Pamene detonation amapezeka walitsa chipolopolo wamphamvu nyutironi kamwazi, zomwe zimachititsa transmutation a cobalt, 59, cobalt 60 isotope. Ake theka moyo ndi pang'ono zaka 5. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, beta-kuvunda kwa nuclide izi aumbike mwa faifi tambala 60 mu boma yogwira, amene pambuyo nthawi zina mu nthaka.

ntchito cobalt 60 masekeli galamu imodzi pafupifupi 1130 CI. Kuti kwathunthu kuwononga dziko lonse la padziko cheza mlingo magalamu / lalikulu kilometre cobalt 60 limafuna 510 matani. Ambiri, kuphulika kwa oterowo bomba akanatha kuipitsanso m'dera zaka pafupifupi 50. Chotero ziganizo yaitali kusiya mwayi pang'ono kupulumuka anthu kachilombo, ngakhale bunkers lapansi.

Akukhulupirira kuti cobalt bomba asanamulenge, kotero si koyenera mu utumiki dziko. A pang'ono mchitidwe uwu unali ntchito limodzi la UK likuyesetsa chida nyukiliya kwa opatsidwa radiochemical. zopinga chachikuru kulenga chotero munition mwaluso ayi, koma ndi digiri yapamwamba ya kuipitsidwa alili ndi nthawi yake salola zinachitikira otetezeka izo. zipolopolo otere konse opangidwa ndi sanali anayesedwa chifukwa choopa kwambiri pamene ntchito kuukira okha.

Choopsa njira ntchito bomba cobalt ndi kuphulika ake pa okwera mkulu, pang'ono kuchoka m'dera la mdani, malingana ndi nyengo. Pankhaniyi, cholinga ndicho zapitirira dera la fallout mdani amene akhoza theoretically kuwononga zamoyo zonse.

Ganizo kwambiri bomba izi kupangidwa ndi wasayansi Leo Szilard, amene wapanga kopanda kuti nkhokwe ya mabomba cobalt likhoza kuwononga onse a anthu onse padziko lapansi. Cobalt anasankhidwa chifukwa chakuti nyutironi kutsegula likupereka wamphamvu kwambiri ndi yokhalitsa nyukiliya kuipitsidwa. N'zotheka ntchito zinthu zina kuti apange isotopes kwambiri ndi yaitali theka moyo kulenga zida zimenezi, koma ntchito yawo ndi bwino osakwanira. Palinso sakhalitsa isotopes poyerekeza ndi cobalt 60, monga sodium wochuluka 24, nthaka-65 ndi golide 198, koma chifukwa kugwa ndi mofulumira chiwerengero chawo cha anthu kupulumuka infestation m'dera mu nkhokwezi.

Sakharov, amene anali atalenga bomba wa hydrogen, analinso m'gulu ongolankhula zikuchitika thorium, mabomba cobalt ndi anaitcha "toadstool-Kanyimbi". Ngakhale chilengedwe cha bomba hydrogen ndi mayeso ake sanazichite wasayansi wa achipongwe "okweza". Cobalt bomba kuonedwa zonse nyutironi ndi Radiology, otchedwa "zonyansa" zida.