Chiswe - ndichiyani? Kodi chiswe moyo ndi chimene iwo amadya?

"Zimphona" a nkhani yathu - chiswe. Ndi chiyani icho? malo awo ndi chiyani? Kodi iwo kudya?

Chiswe - izo nyerere?

tizilombo awa, kunja ofanana ndi nyerere, koma iwo sali wozindikira wamba anthu amaonedwa mliri zoopsa. Pa zimene otchedwa "nyerere woyera", ndi ubale lenileni ndi mphemvu, Kankhani wina anamwazikana mitengo wamphamvu, inawononga nyumba ya mtengo ... Komanso, iwo owononga kuti thanzi la munthu. Mafunso za m'dera zachilengedwe moyo chiswe, chimene icho chiri, kodi mode awo aliko, mbali zosiyanasiyana, ndi phunziro la akatswiri kafukufuku. nkhani izi zonse zafotokozedwa mu mabuku ambiri ndi zazikulu mapulogalamu sayansi. Chotero tizilombo poizoni zambiri ziphe kuthana nawo anapanga utumiki wapadera, koma miyezo anatengedwa mu njira iliyonse musawachitire mavuto omwe iwo.

Mu malo achilengedwe moyo chiswe?

Anthu chiswe? Chiwerengero cha mitundu pa dziko likuyandikira zikwi zitatu, ambiri a iwo mmenemo mabacteria ndi subtropical ndi otentha. Pa gawo la Russia ukufanizidwa ndi mitundu iwiri yokha, ndi kuti wapezeka mu pafupi Vladivostok ndi Sochi.

Kukhala tizilombo izi mullions yaikulu magulu otchedwa madera; aliyense wa iwo pali kusiyana bwino mu mitundu: payekha ntchito (ambiri), asilikali, mfumukazi ndi mfumu. Mitundu ya thupi la chiswe wamkulu zimasiyanasiyana yochitidwa chikasu wakuda mu mtundu.

Kufotokozera za Yofuna Ufulu Wodzilamulira ntchito

Kodi chiswe? Ntchito anthu amadziwikanso ndi mutu kuzungulira ndi kukula yaing'ono: pafupifupi kutalika kwa torso awo - kuwala ndi zofewa (chifukwa kukhazikikamo m'misasa zimalimbikitsa nthunzi ya madzi) - zosakwana 1 centimeter. chiswe African, nthawi zambiri zakukwawa pa pamwamba, yodziwika ndi woderapo thupi. Mobisa moyo zoipa bwanji ziwalo za anthu ntchito: iwo ali akhungu kapena kuona pang'ono kwambiri.

Ngati nyerere ntchito wamkazi yekha mu malo awo a ntchito, ndi chiswe ndi amuna ndi akazi. ntchito yawo - kuti una wa kukumba, yomanga chiundocho, kukonza, kupeza ndiponso kupulumutsa chakudya, kusamalira ana. Komanso ntchito chiswe kudyetsa asilikali amene sangathe kudya chifukwa cha dongosolo yeniyeni ya kapisozi mutu.

asilikali nimu

Asilikali - osewera lotsatira, ndipo ntchito, koma amagwira ntchito zina zingapo, ndipo chifukwa cha dongosolo losiyana. Asilikali chiswe, ndi Kuwulura umene uli wosiyana pang'ono kwa Yofuna Ufulu Wodzilamulira ntchito, kuteteza njuchi kwa adani kunja ndi zida zamphamvu mandibles yaitali (nsagwada). Ena mitundu zotentha za asilikali nimu kuwonjezera ndi mafuta yaing'ono pamutu, womwe ndi jekeseni zomatira mdani wake wapadera, kupukuta pamene mphepo ndi fettering kayendedwe wake. Asilikali chachikulu mutu kapisozi (pabuka-bulauni, wakuda, kuwala chikasu kapena lalanje), amachita ndondomeko ya anatseka misewu ya una wa yopapatiza monga ngati pulagi, sikuti tiri nawo mapiko, ndipo iwo ali akhungu. The chiswe laling'ono (mitundu amenewa akupezeka America South) mu kuchuluka anafika 2.5 okha mamilimita; waukulu monga tizilombo Mexico ndi Arizona - 22 mm m'litali. Ngati pali chiwonongeko tsankho la chiundocho, chitetezo kachitidwe magulu a asilikali, akuyesera kuti agwirire kumbuyo mdani amanyansidwa mfundo mpaka antchito chiswe kukonza kwanu. Pankhaniyi, asilikali amapezeka atsekerezedwa mwa iwo okha ndipo alibe mwayi kupita kunja kwa izo.

Mfumu ndi Mfumukazi

"Mutu wa" anthu okhwima ndi dzira-atagona wamkazi (mfumukazi) ndi Mfumu - wamwamuna, feteleza ndi ena tizilombo ubereki. Poyerekeza ndi chiswe ena mfumukazi ndi wautali kwambiri ndipo angafikire masentimita 10 m'litali. Thupi la ana aakazi pa kubwezeretsa ndi chinawonjezeka ndi nthawi mazana angapo, chifukwa imene kuyenda paokha ndi kudya, ndipo akhala ogwira ntchito madziwo kudyetsa izo.

Mfumukazi ankakhala gawo lapadera pakati pa chitunda, pamodzi ndi mfumu yawo amene ali pambali pa iye mu moyo. Kukula ndi akuluakulu pang'ono kuposa msilikali nimu ndi ali ndi ufulu wonse kwa amamuchitira ndi mkazi. Pambuyo umuna, aamuna mosiyana nyerere anzake, sadzafa.

Mfumukazi yaikazi chonde kwambiri ndi kuziyika kwa mazira 3000 tsiku lililonse. The umboni kwa zowalamulira pa imatengedwa mitundu m'mayiko a Malayan, amvekere yachiwiri dzira; digito ofanana - oposa 80 000 pa tsiku. nthawi ili yonse pa pamimba akazi ndi allocated wapadera munali pheromone mankhwala kuti yadyedwa chiswe zosangalatsa ntchito. The kutalika kwa moyo mfumukazi ali pafupi zaka fifitini, ndipo zaka zonsezi, mwamuna ndi mkazi kugwira wina sanakhulupirike ena. Pa kuli awiri kuwala limapezeka angapo miliyoni anthu mwana wamng'ono.

Features khalidwe la achinyamata

Achinyamata mu nimu phiri "makolo" moyo ku nthawi zina ndi kusiya "nyumba ya bambo" pa piringupiringu (mochedwa April - oyambirira chilimwe) poyambira mwamuna. Panthawi imeneyi, iwo ali pangozi kwambiri, chifukwa pambuyo umuna, mwamuna ndi mkazi anadula mapiko ake. Ambiri a chiswe achinyamata mosavuta akangaude, centipedes, tizilombo kudya mbalame. opulumuka mwayi anayamba kulenga chisa. Njuchi tchuthi si onse: a awiriawiri angapo adakalipo pa nkhani ya akazi kufa kuti amapezeka infrequently.

Njuchi - dongosolo zovuta

Monga momwe tikuonera bwino dzina lokha chitunda - "nyumba" limene iwo akukhala chiswe. N'chiyani chimene chalakwika chibadidwe nyumba amenewa ndi zimene malamulo a nzeru izo ndi "anthu"? Atabadwa chiwerengero okwanira anthu ntchito zakale anayamba kumanga otetezeka tsogolo la njuchi, malo amene anatsimikiza ndi mwamuna ndi mkazi wamng'ono. N'zosadabwitsa kuti kukula kwa tizilombo nyerere ndi mphamvu yodabwitsa kumanga chachikulu "maloko" malemba zosamvetsetseka mkati ndikuyenda, anakwezedwa pamwamba nthaka mamita oposa 8. Lembani mulu waukulu, kutalika amene mamita 12,8 pamwamba pansi, analembedwa mu Zaire. Mu mthunzi wa nyumba amenewa - kuzisiya nyumba anamangidwira osati ndi munthu - pothawa kutentha njati dzuwa, njovu ndi nyama zina zazikulu. Mu mawonekedwe chiswe n'chodabwitsa zosiyanasiyana: ena amafanana aang'ono ena horizontally zochokera kuchokera kumpoto mpaka kummwera, amene analandira dzina la "maginito". Dongosolo limeneli limathandiza malowedwe kochepa mu cheza dzuwa ndi mapangidwe zonse microclimate chinyezi ndi kutentha.

Kapangidwe ka chiundocho

Nimu zikuphatikizapo dziko gawo (omwe ndi mkulu okwera) ndi subterranean ongokhala zosamvetsetseka maukonde ambiri a ngalande ndi zipinda. Mfundo nyumba ndi zikuchokera antchito nimu chimbudzi, malovu awo, nkhuni, masamba youma udzu ndi dongo. Anamanga nyumba zosakaniza ngati yodziwika ndi durability mkulu ndi makoma madzi. Mtundu chitunda zambiri limafanana ndi mtundu wa dothi ndipo si zoonekeratu zolusa, merging chilengedwe ozungulira. Mu gawo lapadziko dongosolo la nthawi zambiri anaika makamera ndi mphutsi, mazira, "minda bowa" ndi gululi yaikulu magawanidwe a ngalande. Komanso pamalowa mungathe kusunga famu yaing'ono ndi thermophiles - nyama secrete zinthu mwapadera ndi zosangalatsa malawi chiswe. Choncho kudalirana amapezeka therebetween, mmene mbali yachiwiri - thermophiles (Mwachitsanzo yowala - kuwuluka termitokseniya) - amalandira wolemera gwero chakudya ndi microclimate yabwino.

n'chodabwitsa Location

Mu zikhalidwe otentha (chinyezi mkulu mvula zonse) n'chodabwitsa nimu nthawi zambiri anaika mkulu mitengo; namanga chisa nthambi Ufumuyo kotero mwamphamvu chimene chingathe kupirira mkuntho koipa. Pofuna kukwaniritsa tyazhelodostupnogo chiswe okhala, kuti anaona pa nthambi. Ena mwa anthu a infraorder ndi anthu makungwa a mitengo, wamakwinya chimafikira kwa mizu kwambiri upita. M'madera louma (mwachitsanzo, Central Asia) n'chodabwitsa nimu zili pansi pa nthaka, ndi padziko palibe zizindikiro zochenjeza anafikapo ku malo awa.

The chakudya pa chiswe

Chakudya cha chiswe ndi zinthu makamaka chiyambi masamba Mwachitsanzo mitengo youma, ndilo chifukwa flagellates chimbudzi - zamoyo losavuta tikukhala mu intestine lapansi. Mwa njira, m'mimba ndipo matumbo nimu amakhala mitundu 200 ya zamoyo, misa okwana amene nthawi 1/3 kulemera kwa tizilombo lapansi. Iwo kukonzedwa mu dzuwa mosavuta zidyeke inedible nkhuni.

Kudyetsa okha ntchito aliyense ali ndi kusankha chakudya zigawo zina Yofuna Ufulu Wodzilamulira. Anyankhondo, chifukwa cha mandibles mwachisawawa chitukuko ndi osakwanira chitukuko cha madera ena a pakamwa sangathe kutafuna chakudya chawo, koma chifukwa ochuluka anadyetsa anthu ogwira ntchito zakudya chimbudzi kapena secretions kuchokera mkamwa, amenenso kunyeketsa mfumu ndi mfumukazi. Mphutsi, chiswe kudya akulu malovu ndi spores yankhungu wa bowa. zatsalira osiyana pano m'nthaka - lawola nkhuni, manyowa, masamba, nyama khungu - kudyedwa ndi antchito, koma chakudya chokha si odzipereka ndi ndowe gumusoyadnyh anthu ndiye amagwiritsa nimu wina wogwira ntchito kapena asilikali. Motero munthu ndi chakudya mobwerezabwereza umadutsa mndandanda wa matumbo kufikira aphunzira. Avstraliyskie Aborigeny, ndi njira, okhawo amene ali ndi mphepo nyimbo chida "didgeridoo", anapanga nthambi bulugamu, pachimake chimene kudyedwa ndi chiswe.

Udindo wa chiswe m'chilengedwe

Ndipo n'chifukwa chiyani tiyenera chiswe? Kodi izo ndi zimene udindo amasewera mu chilengedwe? Mu chikhalidwe, nyerere zimenezi ntchito monga zatsalira mapurosesa masamba; kudzera mwa iwo anapanga ndi oyambitsa a zigawo chapamwamba nthaka. Amaganiza kuti anamasulidwa tizilombo izi mu njira ya ntchito zawo, dziko kumaphatikizapo wonse zotsatira mpweya woipa. Chiswe mu zotsalira zazomera awo okwana angafanane ndi zotsalira zazomera lonse la nyama zimene zili padziko lapansi pano.

Ngumbi ndi munthu

Ndi mwamunayo, mwatsoka, woterewu ubwenzi chiswe. Mu kotentha ndi tizirombo oopsa kuti n'kuwononga nyumba matabwa: iwo kudziluma mipando, simenti, mabuku. Mwachitsanzo, kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia chifukwa chiswe zina muli kusamukira ku malo ena a m'matawuni ndi m'mizinda. kuukira adani awo zinachititsa kuti kugwa kwa nyumba. Pamodzi ndi , nyongolotsi ndi nyerere chiswe mbali yofunika kwambiri mu kufalitsa nkhani nthaka; mbalame zamapiko chakudya cha ambirimbiri ogwirira.

Kudziwa kupezeka kwa tizilombo awa ndi kovuta. chiswe zoweta zikugwira ntchito mkati, kusiya labwinobwino chipolopolo akunja. Iwo samakhulupirira ngakhale kupewa ndalama: mu 2008 wabizinesi anapeza fumbi ku sheya ndi ndalama wake bokosi chitetezo gawo.

Ndi zodabwitsa, koma chiswe ndinu mmodzi wa tizilombo wotchuka kwambiri kuphika chifukwa cha okhutira mkulu mapuloteni. Amazon Indians kuwakonzekeretsa kanyenya, anawotcha mu madzi ake kapena akuchita izi kukonzekera zokometsera. Mu Nigeria, kugulitsa thermite bouillon cubes.