Chirichonse zidzachoka, ndipo chidzachitika, kapena historicism?

Ndime ya nthawi akupitirizabe chinapitiriza kukwaniritsidwa, kungolandira zonse mu deta zachilengedwe atsirizika. Ngakhale mawu chosaoneka ndi maso akhale wovulalayo - ndi kupita kwa nthawi zambiri mawu ndi mawu ambiri ntchito mu nthawi zina, ndi kutha ndi anthu ntchito. Pakuti mawu amenewa, mawu akuti anayamba - historicism.

tanthauzo

Akusandulika terminology kwambiri sayansi ndi okhwima, tingathe kufotokoza zimene historicism, motere. Pali zingapo m'mbuyomu ankagwiritsa ntchito mawu a mawu womangidwa kwa zinthu kutanthauza iwo, koma chifukwa cha kutha kwa anthu mu chikhazikitso awo sipafinikanso, ndi moyenera, deta ndi mawu akuti anayamba mofulumira kutuluka ntchito. Tanthauzo la historicism anatsutsa chachikale chinkawavuta, kukhala ofanana, koma mwayi tsoka. Pamene mawu zimasintha, iwo "anaponyedwa m'nyanja" ndipo m'malo ndi ofanana matanthauzo ano, koma pa izo mtsogolo.

Panopa mawu anazindikira historicism, m'gulu otchedwa mawu chabe chinenero cha Chirasha. Iwo ntchito pongofuna kuti awagawire chithunzi chakale kapena kuunikila nyengo, limene nkhani, kaya ndi nkhani, kanema kapena mankhwala. Ndicho chimene historicism!

okalamba terminology

Chodabwitsa historicism m'malo wachibale. Munthu akhoza kungowauzira ndikuganiza - mawu ena, anazindikira historicism zaka zapitazo anali kugwiritsa ntchito. Mwachitsanzo: Duke, odula, County, kobiri, Ambuye. Ena mawu ndi mawu, ndipo onse anali "chinenero" ngakhale agogo athu, monga - .. msonkho mu mtundu, maphunziro, chingwe thumba, etc. Choncho, n'zotheka kuti achite zomveka ulusi ndipo onetsetsani kuti patapita kanthawi mawu kuti adamwa tokha ndi kusuntha m'gulu la historicism. Anthu posachedwapa akhoza kutenga diskette, tepi, Pager - mawu awa zaka 20 tsopano mukhoza bwinobwino Mwachitsanzo, kufotokoza kuti historicism amenewa.

Mu mawu ambiri, adagwa pansi pa tanthauzo la historicism, ngongole likuwayenera kupita patsogolo. Monga taonera, nthawi zimasintha chirichonse. Tsiku lililonse latsopano, mphindi iliyonse watsopano wa dziko kuti chinachake chikuchitika: anatulukira latsopano, akweza ndi bwino wakale, motero, wa stragglers pa nthawi patsogolo zinthu ndi mfundo akuyesera kuti amuchotsepo mu malo oyamba. Komabe, chifukwa cha ntchito za mbiri yakale zambiri, zinthu zambiri zapakhomo, komanso udindo, udindo ndi njira zikuchitika m'mbuyomu, bwinobwino kachiwiri analengedwera kuteteza cholowa chikhalidwe cha mtundu uliwonse. Ndipo kodi historicism historicism sizikanakhala Ngati sikudali kwa anthu amene amapatsa kudziwa kuti mawu amenewa kamodzi ntchito.

mfundo ambiri

"Chirichonse dziko ziri ndi tanthauzo," - anati mwambi. Izo mophweka amanenanso za historicism yaitali. Kuti mudziwe chifukwa chake chinthu makamaka anatuluka wa banja, komanso chifukwa iye sadafikeko m'malo ndi lofanana, monga, kwa Mwachitsanzo, archaism, ndipo analengedwa ndi kuphunzira njira za zochitika zina, monga mfundo historicism. Ndi n'zotheka kuganizira ubale chifukwa-zotsatira zokhudza mbiri ya nkhani yeniyeni, ndi zinthu zimene zinapangitsa zikamera ake. N'zothekanso kuganizira kusintha osiyana mbiri zomwe zinachititsa kuti kuchepa wotsatira mu ntchito mawu, mpaka mofulumira atangochimwa kucheza ndi kupita ku gawo historicism.

Mfundo Izi zimapangitsa bwinobwino kwambiri zomangira nyengo zina, imene ankagwiritsa ntchito historicism, ndi zifukwa zomwe zinali zofunikira pa nthawi, ndi chifukwa cha chomwe pambuyo anagwa mu kusagwiritsiridwa kwake. Kudzera adakali chithunzi thunzi chokwanira cha "mkombero moyo" a kunja-kwa-ntchito mawu.

Kusiyana historicism ndi archaism

Kale tanthauzo ili njira zina anatchula monga archaism, ndipo anaika otsutsana kuti historicism. Choncho kaya ndi kaya historicism ndi archaisms ndiwo "mbali zonse"? Ndipotu, tsogolo la mawu ndi ziganizo zokhudza ndi archaisms ndi historicism, makamaka yemweyo - iwo onse anapita kunkhondo ya ntchito. Kupatula, chifukwa zomwe anapatukana, wakhala "mwayi" tsoka la yotsirizira - Masiku ano anthu akhala bwinobwino m'malo ndi n'chimodzimodzi mawu ndi ziganizo. Mwachitsanzo: lepota anali wokongola, maso kukhala maso, mneni kuyembekezera wakhala m'malo mwa abwino mkati tanthauzo la chiyembekezo, etc ...

Mosiyana historicism, archaisms mwanjira anali limodzi ndi chitukuko cha chinenero ndipo ngati osati kwathunthu, phokoso kunditumiza ku m'kamwa (a Chitsanzo chabwino cha ntchito mawu awa archaism milomo) anthu pano.

Mu mabuku,

Pofuna kufotokoza chinenero luso la nthawi iliyonse ndi kusamutsa zambiri ndithu ulusi nkhani mu nyengo zina kupangidwa historicism mabuku. Ndiyamika ntchito mabuku, olemba anatha bwinobwino ndi zokongola azipereka wowerenga maganizo, lomwe linali maziko ntchito zawo.

Komabe, mawu ndi zotheka ndi tiziiona poyamba awiri. Choyamba, si monga kusuntha dala, chifukwa chimene wolemba mwadala anayambitsa mawu achikale ndi kulankhula opatsa mtundu, koma chodabwitsa ndi chofuna kuchita ntchito iliyonse luso, ndipo sikudalira pa munthawi imene imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ndiko kuti, wolemba, ntchito historicism panopa, mfundo za nthawi imene sanali ndi cholinga kuti ntchito, monga nthawi ya kulemba anali kwathunthu zimawononga, ndiponso kodi si chifukwa osiyanitsa zapadera.

Udindo wachiwiri ndi ntchito historicisms mwachindunji bwino tisonyezeni nthawi yomwe kapena muli ndi nkhani. Chifukwa cha kutumidwa mawu amenewa ndi mawu owerenga sangatithandize mozamirapo kumizidwa mu nthawi ndi kukatenga kwambiri omveka ndi maganizo wosaiwalika.