Chiphalaphala ndi chiyani? mitundu chiphalaphala

Funso zimene chiphalaphala ali chidwi asayansi ambiri kwa nthawi yayitali. The zikuchokera thunthu, komanso mawonekedwe ake, kayendedwe liwiro, kutentha ndi mbali zina zinali ndi nkhani ya chiwerengero cha maphunziro ndi mapepala kafukufuku. Izi zingathe kufotokozedwa chifukwa chakuti zinali mitsinje ake mazira pafupifupi ndiyekhayo zokhudza chikhalidwe cha mkati dziko lapansi.

lingaliro ambiri

Kuti kumvetsa zimene chiphalaphala m'lingaliro ano? Asayansi kuzitcha izo nkhani za boma osungunula, amene ali kumtunda pakhoma. Ngakhale m'chikondi cha dziko la thunthu ndi yunifolomu, koma mwamsanga pamene njira pamwamba, otentha akuyamba ndondomeko ndi kutulutsidwa kwa thovu mpweya. Iwo amasunthira nkhani red-hot motsogozedwa ming'alu makungwa. Pankhaniyi, osati onse madzi otayika mpaka pamwamba. Kuyankhula za liwu loti "chiphalaphala", tisaiwale kuti mfundo imeneyi imagwira ntchito kokha kwa adatsanulira pa nkhaniyi.

basaltic chiphalaphala

Mtundu ambiri pa dziko ndi basaltic chiphalaphala. Ambiri mwa njira zonse za miyala zomwe zimachitika pa Dziko Lapansi zaka zikwizikwi zapitazo, limodzi ndi kuphulika zambiri za mtundu wa zinthu incandescent. Pambuyo solidification ake anapangidwa wa chomwecho dzina mwala wakuda. Theka chiphalaphala basalt zikuchokera ndi aluminiyamu, magnesium, chitsulo ndi zitsulo zina. Chifukwa kutentha awo Sungunulani ukufika padziko madigiri 1200. Pa chimachititsanso chomwecho chiphalaphala otaya pa liwiro la mamita 2 pa chachiwiri, amene angafanane ndi kuthamanga munthu. Kafukufuku akusonyeza kuti tsogolo otchedwa "otentha kufunafuna", amasuntha mofulumira kwambiri. Basalt kwa chiphalaphala chiphala amasiyana pang'ono wandiweyani. Wasefukira kutali ndithu (mpaka makumi angapo makilomita ku Chigwa cha). Tikumbukenso kuti mtundu uwu wa mmene dziko ndi nyanja.

acidic chiphalaphala

Ngati kumene zikuchokera nkhani ali ndi 63% kapena zambiri za silika, iwo akutchedwa chiphalaphala acidic. zakuthupi Incandescent ndi viscous kwambiri moti sangathe kutayikira. Mlingo otaya kawirikawiri sakhala ngakhale afike mlingo wa mamita angapo patsiku. M'menemo kutentha kwa thunthu ndi mu osiyanasiyana kuchokera madigiri 800 kwa 900. Ndi chimasungunula amenewa chifukwa zachilendo mapangidwe miyala (ignimbrites Mwachitsanzo). Ngati chiphalaphala acidic kwambiri ladzala ndi gasi, izo zithupsa ndipo yam'manja. Pambuyo ejection ku Chigwa cha mwamsanga umayenda kubwerera chifukwa M'mimbamo (caldera). Chotsatira ndi maonekedwe a pumice - zakuthupi kopitilira muyeso-kuwala amene kachulukidwe n'chakuti poyerekeza ndi madzi.

chiphalaphala carbonate

Kuwonjezera pa mfundo yakuti chiphalaphala ichi, asayansi ambiri sangathe kudziwa mfundo maphunziro a mitundu yake carbonate. The zikuchokera nkhaniyi ndi potaziyamu carbonates ndi sodium wochuluka. Iwo Inayamba kuphulika imodzi yokha pa dziko - Oldoinyo-Lengai, limene lili ku Northern Tanzania. Carbonate chiphalaphala ndi madzi kwambiri ndipo ozizira a mitundu yonse alipo. kutentha kwake ndi pafupifupi 510 madigiri, ndipo limayenda pa malo otsetsereka pa mlingo mofanana madzi. Poyamba, nkhani ali ndi woderapo kapena wakuda mtundu, koma patapita maola ochepa kunja amakhala opepuka, ndi miyezi ingapo amachita ndi woyera.

anapezazo

Kuti adzimvera, saktsentirovat chenicheni kuti chiphalaphala chikugwirizana limodzi mwa mavuto aakulu kwambiri miyala. Iwo kwagona kuti thunthu likamatenthetsa mkati Dziko Lapansi. Kubuka otentha zinthu nyamuka pamwamba, inatuluka kuti isungunuke ndi mapiri mawonekedwe. Yankho wopezeka pa funso zimene chiphalaphala sangapereke ngakhale asayansi dziko kutsogolera. Pa nthawi yomweyo, inu mukhoza kunena motsimikiza kuti ndi mbali ting'onoting'ono ndondomeko lonse, chikuchititsa zonsezi zomwe Zikubisa mobisa tatikulu.