Chifuwa chachikulu cha m'mapapo: mawonekedwe, matenda, zizindikiro, chithandizo

Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi matenda aakulu, omwe nthawi zambiri amasokonezeka ndi chimfine cha typhoid. Matendawa amakhudza machitidwe osiyanasiyana a ziwalo, kuyambira chiwindi ndi kutha mapapo. Mtundu uwu wa chifuwa chachikulu umapezeka mu anthu angapo.

Kufotokozera za matendawa

Chifuwa chachikulu cha m'mapapu ndi mtundu woopsa wa matendawa, omwe amadziwika ndi kutuluka kwa zilonda pa nthawi imodzi m'magulu angapo. Sungani malo ovuta komanso osapitirira a matenda. Zomalizazi zimaonedwa kuti ndizoopsa kwambiri. Maonekedwe ovuta nthawi zambiri amayamba kumayambitsa matenda a magazi ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Pamene matendawa akufalikira, amalowa m'zinthu zambiri, kuwatenga. Poyambitsa matenda aakulu, zipolopolo za ubongo zimakhudzidwa kwambiri.

Chithandizo chachikulu cha matendawa ndi matenda a chifuwa cha mycobacterium, omwe, chifukwa cha kufooka kwa chitetezo cha thupi, kulowa m'thupi mwambiri. Kenaka amafalikira pamodzi ndi magazi.

Malinga ndi akatswiri, amuna atatu omwe ali ndi chifuwa chachikulu amakhala ndi amayi amodzi okha omwe ali ndi matenda omwewa. Matenda ambiri amapezeka pakati pa kugonana kolimba, omwe msinkhu wawo umasiyana zaka 20 mpaka 40.

Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda amaonedwa kuti ndi matenda a chikhalidwe cha anthu, chifukwa chiwerengero chawo chafala pakati pa anthu. Vuto la mliri limayamba chifukwa cha kuthamanga kwamasuntha, kutsika mu msinkhu wa mwayi wazinthu, kuwonjezeka kwa chiwerengero cha anthu osasamalidwa.

Zifukwa za matendawa

Omwe amachititsa kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa chifuwa ndi mabakiteriya a mtundu wa Mycobacterium. Pafupifupi pali mitundu yoposa 70. Zomwe zimapezeka m'madzi, nthaka, mpweya, thupi la nyama. Kwa anthu, mitundu yochepa yokha ilipo pangozi, yomwe asayansi amaphatikizapo kukhala ovuta a M. TB. Kufalikira kwa mabakiteriya omwe ali ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kumachitika mwa njira zitatu izi: kuchokera kuchiyambi chachikulu cha matenda, kuchokera ku foci wakale wa chifuwa chachikulu kapena chifukwa cha opaleshoni pa limba lomwe lakhudzidwa kale ndi matendawa.

Gulu lomwe likuwonjezera chiopsezo chotenga matendawa likuphatikizapo ana amene sanatenge katemera pa nthawi yake, anthu omwe ali ndi matenda osapatsirana thupi kapena amene atenga mankhwala a nthawi yaitali kuti athetseretu ntchito yambiri ya chitetezo cha thupi.

Ndi zizindikiro ziti zomwe zimathandiza kuzindikira chifuwa cha mliri?

Zizindikiro za matendawa sizowona, zimadalira malo omwe akukhalamo. Zotsatirazi ndizo zizindikiro zomwe zimafala kwa odwala:

• Kufooka m'thupi.
• Fever.
• Zowonjezera kutentha.
• Kutchulidwa kuledzera.
• Kuchepetsa thupi.
• Mavuto ndi kupuma.
• Cyanosis ya khungu.
• Kutuluka thukuta kwambiri usiku.
• Chifuwa chouma.

Matendawa amatha kuchitika m'maonekedwe ovuta, aakulu kapena ovuta. Aliyense wa iwo ali ndi makhalidwe ake omwe.

Fomu yosatha imapitirira njuchi. Izi zikutanthauza kuti gawo la kuchulukitsa limaloledwa ndi kuchotsedwa. Odwala amapempha dokotala kuti awathandize ndi zodandaula zaumalema, kuchepa kwa thupi, kutopa mofulumira. Nthawi zina, hemoptysis ilipo.

Chifuwa chachikulu cha miliary chimachitika nthawi zambiri, ndipo zizindikiro zake zimasiyana malinga ndi kutukusira. Kwa odwala ena, madokotala amawauza kuti vutoli limakhala lopanda mphamvu poyambitsa kutentha ndi kuledzera. Mapapu amachitikira pazomweponse. Ngati chiphuphuchi chimawonedwa kokha m'madera a subclavia, ndi funso la zomwe zimatchedwa miliary chifuwa chachikulu. Matenda oterewa ndi ochepa, nthawi zina kutentha ndi kutentha kwa chiwombankhanga.

Mtundu wa matendawa umatchedwa sepsis. Amadziwika ndi nthawi yatsopano. Pakadutsa masabata 2-3 pambuyo pa zizindikiro zoyambirira, zotsatira zowopsya ndizotheka . Matendawa amapezeka ndi kutentha kwa thupi komanso matenda opatsirana. Odwala ambiri amadandaula chifukwa cha kupweteka kwa mutu. Chizindikiro ichi chimachokera ku vuto lalikulu la mitsempha komanso kuphatikizidwa kwa mitsempha ya chiberekero pamtenda.

Mafomu a miliri ya chifuwa chachikulu

Malingana ndi kuchuluka kwa zizindikiro, nthendayi yagawidwa mu mawonekedwe otsatirawa:

• Chiwonetsero. Pambuyo pa kumwa mowa kwambiri pali zizindikiro za kupuma kupuma.
• Mkuntho. Kukhumudwa kumachitika m'zinthu zonse zamkati. Mtundu uwu wa matendawa umakhala ndi maonekedwe a malungo ndi zizindikiro zoledzeretsa, choncho nthawi zambiri zimasokonezeka ndi typhoid fever.
• Matendawa. Zimasiyana ndi kukhalapo kwa antchito opatsirana pogonana.

Ndondomeko ya matenda

Pankhani ya kulemera kolemetsa, kutuluka thukuta usiku, kudziona kuti ndifooka ndi kuchepa kwa njala, tikulimbikitsidwa kufunafuna uphungu kuchokera kwa katswiri wapadera, yemwe ndi katswiri wa chiphati kapena wodwala matenda opatsirana.

Kuzindikira kwa chifuwa chachikulu cha miliria kumaphatikizapo njira zotsatirazi:

• Kuchuluka kwa magazi.
• Kutseka kwa Lumbar.
• CT ya ubongo ndi thorax.
• Ziwalo zamkati zamkati.
• Mafilimu a chifuwa.
• Zojambulajambula.

Malingana ndi zotsatira za mayeso, dokotala akhoza kutsimikizira kapena kutsutsa matenda a chifuwa chachikulu cha "miliria". Zizindikiro zomwe zimakhudza chikhalidwe cha munthu, musalole kuti mukhale ndi matenda 100%. Chinthu chokhacho chingazindikire kuti chingathe kuthandizira kudziwa bwinobwino.

Kodi ndi chithandizo chotani chomwe chikufunika?

Mankhwala a matendawa amafunika khama kwambiri komanso nthawi. Kwa pafupifupi chaka chimodzi wodwalayo ayenera kumwa mankhwala angapo. Kawirikawiri amauzidwa kuti "Streptomycin", "Isoniazid", "Rifampicin", "Moxifloxacin". Mankhwala osiyana siyanawa akufotokozera kuti njira iliyonse payekha imakhala ndi zotsatira zenizeni pa mankhwala, ndipo onse angathe kuthana ndi matendawa.

Matenda a m'mapapo a chifuwa chachikulu amachititsa mitundu ina ya njira zochiritsira zolimbitsa thupi (kupuma kupuma, physiotherapy, kutenga mankhwala osokoneza bongo). Wodwalayo ayenera kutsatira ndondomeko yoyenera ya ntchito ndi kupumula, mosamalitsa atsatire malangizo onse a dokotala. Makamaka ayenera kupatsidwa zakudya. Ziyenera kukhala zosiyana ndi mkaka.

Ngati wodwalayo akukhala ndi ana aang'ono, nthawi zambiri amamupempha kuti azikhala nawo kwa nthawi yochepa.

Chithandizo cha opaleshoni

Odwala ambiri omwe ali ndi matendawa amalembedwa opaleshoni, zomwe zimaphatikizapo kusakanikirana ndi gawo la mapapo. Kuyanjananso kulimbikitsidwa kwa nyumba zamakono za bronchi, odwala ndi hemoptysis.

N'zotheka kugwiritsa ntchito njira zina zothandizira, kuphatikizapo chiyanjano. Pakakhala zoopsa kwambiri, kawiri kaŵirikaŵiri amalimbikitsidwa kuchotsa mbali ya mapapo kapena chiwalo chonse, kuika pneumothorax yokha, komanso ngalande ya chimbudzi.

Zolemba

Mosakayika, mankhwala a chifuwa chachikulu cha mankhwala a miliary ndi kugwiritsa ntchito chemotherapy ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri polimbana ndi matendawa. Asanayambe kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kufa kwa anthu odwala matendawa ndi pafupifupi 100%. Thandizo labwino komanso labwino masiku ano limathandiza kuchepetsa zizindikiro izi ku 10%. Poyamba matendawa amapangidwa ndipo chithandizo choyambirira chikuyambitsidwa, ndipamwamba kwambiri mwayi wotsatiridwa bwino. Ambiri mwa matenda omwe ali ndi matendawa amalembedwa m'masabata angapo oyamba a odwala akukhala kuchipatala. Akatswiri amalembetsa chiwerengero chokhumudwitsa chakumapeto kwa mankhwalawa.

Mpata wobwereranso ndi 4 peresenti yokha. Ngati wodwala akutsatira malangizo onse a dokotala ndipo amavomereza mankhwala oyenera, mwayi wa kachilombo ka HIV umachepa.

Zovuta za matendawa

Ngati palibe chithandizo cham'tsogolo, zotsatirazi zingakhalepo: kupanga mapangidwe ambiri m'mapapu, kufalitsa kwa bronchogenic, chifuwa chachikulu.

Njira zothandizira

Chifuwa chachikulu cha TB chimapezeka kawirikawiri (anthu omwe ali ndi ndalama zochepa, othawa kwawo, ndi zina zotero). Amuna amadwala kawirikawiri komanso mochuluka kuposa akazi. Anthu a zaka zapakati pa 20 ndi zaka 39 ali pangozi.

Kupewa matendawa kumatanthauzanso kusamvana kwathunthu ndi anthu omwe ali ndi zizindikiro za matenda a pulmonary. Ndikofunika kuti pakhale zakudya zoyenera komanso zomveka bwino pofuna kulimbitsa chitetezo. Madokotala amalimbikitsa kuuma kosavuta.

Chifuwa chachikulu cha TB chingathe kuchepetsedwa ngati chikoka cha zinthu zomwe zingakhudze chitetezo chachepafupi. Izi zimaphatikizapo kuchuluka kwa hypothermia, kusowa ntchito, kuvutika ndi njala, kugwira ntchito zovuta.

Pa mbali ya boma, zotsutsana ndi mliri ziyenera kuchitika m'madera osauka. Kuwonjezera apo, ndalama ziyenera kupatsidwa kuchokera ku bajeti kuti zithetse odwala omwe ali ndi matendawa. Ngati pali chiopsezo chachikulu cha chifuwa chachikulu m'derali, anthu ayenera kufufuza ngati akufunsira ntchito.

Kutsiliza

M'nkhani ino, tafotokoza zomwe zimayambitsa matenda, monga miliri ya TB. Zithunzi za odwala omwe ali ndi matendawa zikhoza kuwonedwa m'mabuku apadera ofotokoza zachipatala. Matendawa amapezeka lero mobwerezabwereza, ndipo milandu yowopsya imakhala yochepa kwambiri. Madokotala amachenjeza kuti kufufuza kwadzidzidzi kwa matendawa kungachepetse mwayi wa mavuto, kuphatikizapo imfa.