Chidwi mfundo ku moyo wa Lva Nikolaevicha Tolstogo. Moyo ndi Ntchito ya Lva Tolstogo

Dzina la wolemba, mphunzitsi, werengani Lva Nikolaevicha Tolstogo amadziwika kuti munthu aliyense Russian. Munthawi ya moyo wake 78 zosemasema zinasindikizidwa, wina 96 zasungidwa yachokera kwa. Mu zoyambirira za XX m'ma anabwera ntchito wathunthu, analipo 90 mabuku, kuphatikizapo popanda mabuku, nkhani yochepa, essays, ndi zina zotero. N. Makalata ambiri ndi zolemba za munthu wamkulu, ndi talente chopambana ndi makhalidwe zapadera munthu. M'nkhani ino, tiyeni kukumbukira mfundo zosangalatsa kwambiri pa moyo Lva Nikolaevicha Tolstogo.

Kugulitsa nyumba Yasnaya Polyana

N'kulemba wamng'ono ankadziwika ndi okondedwa njuga munthu, mwatsoka, si bwino kwambiri, kusewera makhadi. Izo zinachitika kuti nyumba pa Yasnaya Polyana, pamene wolemba anakhala ubwana wake, anapatsidwa ngongole ya. Kenako, kuchokera zikande Tolstoy mitengo. Ilya Lvovich, mwana wake ankakumbukira mmene ina anafunsa bambo ake kusonyeza chipinda nyumba imene iye anabadwa. Ndipo Leo ananena kuti pamwamba pa umodzi mwa mitengo larch anawonjezera kuti: ". Pali" A chikopa Sofa zomwe zinachitika, iye anafotokoza mu buku lake "Nkhondo ndi Mtendere". Awa ndi zina chidwi ndi moyo wa Lva Nikolaevicha Tolstogo kugwirizana ndi makolo malo.

Monga nyumba, ndiye ziwiri storey wake mapiko zinasungidwa ndi wamkulu ndi nthawi. Atakwatira ndi kukhala ndi ana onse Tolstoy banja kuchuluka, ndipo ndi izo anagwirizana mpaka malo atsopano.

maphunziro banja ndi ana Tolstoy

kuphatikana Tolstoy nthawi zonse wolemekezeka m'banja. Wolemba ankakhulupirira kuti iye zatenganso mbali mu moyo wa munthu aliyense. Ndi mkazi wake, Sofey Andreevnoy, iwo ankakhala chikondi ndi mgwirizano kwa zaka khumi ndi zisanu. Anayamba uka mtsutso pa maziko a maganizo ofooketsa kwa Chiwerengero katundu ndi kubwereza awo makhalidwe moyo.

Mu Tolstoy banja Ndinabadwa ana khumi, asanu amene anamwalira ali wakhanda. Earl sanadandaule chifukwa cha nthawi yawo, ndi pamaso mavutowo 80s ankakonda kukonza zoipa. Mwachitsanzo, ngati pa chakudya chinali pudding, bambo anaona amaona kuti mabokosi abwino ulimbo. Ana yomweyo anabweretsa pepala chodyera, ndipo anayamba kale ntchito zilandiridwenso.

Chitsanzo china. Wina m'banja wakhala chisoni kapena kulira. Poona zimenezi, Lililonse mwadzidzidzi bungwe "Numidian apakavalo." Iye kudumphira, adakweza dzanja lake ndi ankathamanga pozungulira gome, ndi ana anathamangira pambuyo pa iye.

Tolstogo Lva Nikolaevicha wakhala inali chikondi mabuku. Nthawi zonse ndinkakhala nalo kunyumba kwawo madzulo kuwerenga. Kamodzi ine ndinatenga bukhu ndi Jules Verne popanda zithunzi. Kenako anayamba fanizo yekha. Ngakhale wojambula wa sizinali zabwino kwambiri, banja anasangalala ndi zimene anaona.

Tikukumbukira ana ndi ndakatulo zoseketsa Tolstoy Lev Nikolayevich. Iye anawerenga pa German cholakwika ndi cholinga chomwecho: kuchotsa maganizo kunyumba. Mwa njira, angapo kudziwa kuti pali ntchito zingapo ndakatulo mu cholowa kulenga ya wolemba. Mwachitsanzo, "Kopa", "Volga-ngwazi." Kwenikweni, zinalembedwa ana nalowa wotchuka "ABC".

Zodzipha

Lva Nikolaevicha Tolstogo ntchito akhala wolemba njira kuphunzira otchulidwa anthu pa chitukuko. Psychology m'chifanizo kawirikawiri adamfunsa kwa woyambitsa nkhawa kwambiri maganizo. Choncho, pamene tikugwira "kumvutitsa Kareninoy" wolemba pafupifupi chinachitika vuto. Iye anali ngati boma osauka malingaliro, anaopa kubwereza tsoka la ngwazi wake Levin Kudzipha. Kenako mu "Confession" Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy ananena kuti mfundo imeneyi moti zinadabwitsa kuti ngakhale wadutsa kuchokera mu chipinda, kumene atavala payekha, zingwe, napereka kusaka ndi mfuti.

Kukhumudwa mu mpingo

Wambiri Tolstoy Lev Nikolayevich bwino kufufuza ndipo muli zambiri nkhani za momwe iye anachotsedwa mu mpingo. Pakali pano, wolemba wakhala akunena kuti ndi munthu wachipembedzo, ndipo kumvera posts onse ndipo anapezeka iliyonse kutumikira mpingo kwa zaka zingapo ndi chaka 77. Komabe, pambuyo kuyendera Optina mu 81 TH chaka izi zonse zinasintha. Tolstoy anapita kumeneko ndi lackey wake ndi mphunzitsi. Iwo anali, monga momwe anali kuyembekezera, ndi knapsack, mu nsapato. Kamodzi potsiriza mu obisika, iwo anapeza dothi zoopsa ndipo chilango chilichonse.

Anabwera amwendamnjira anakakhala pa maziko wamba, amene akwiyitsidwa woperekera zakudya zonse amanena mbuye monga mbuye wake. Anacheukira kwa mmodzi wa ansembe, ndipo anati kuti munthu wakale - ndi Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy. ntchito wolemba linali lodziwika bwino, ndipo iye anali pomwepo kunditumiza ku chipinda omasuka hotelo. Nditabwerera ku Optina Chiwerengero anasonyeza kusakhutira wake ndi servility zotere, ndipo kuchokera nthawi imeneyo anasintha maganizo awo ku msonkhano wa mpingo ndi antchito ake. Mwa mfundo zonse mu umodzi wa maudindo anatenga pa cutlet chakudya.

Mwa njira, mu zaka zomalizira za moyo wake wolemba anakhala zamasamba, kwathunthu kungosiya nyama. Koma nthawi yomweyo tsiku lililonse kudya mazira zosiyanasiyana.

ntchito yamanja

Kumayambiriro '80s - akunenera za mbiri Tolstogo Lva Nikolaevicha - wolemba potsiriza anazindikira kuti moyo zachabezo ndi mwanaalirenji musati kujambula munthu. Iye akhala anavutika ndi funso chochita: kugulitsa zinthu zawo zonse ndi kusiya mkazi wake wokondedwa ndi unseasoned cha khama la ana popanda amatanthauza? Kapena kulilembanso ndi mwayi wonse pa Sofyu Andreevnu? Kenako Tolstoy kugawanitsa onse m'banja. Mu nthawi ino yovuta kwa iye - banja atasamukira ku Moscow - Leo ankakonda kupita ku Mpheta Hills, komwe anathandiza anthu wamba kudula nkhuni. Ndiye anaphunzira shoemaking ndipo ngakhale nsapato cholinga ndi chilimwe nsapato cha lona ndi chikopa, kumene chilimwe anapita. Ndipo chaka chilichonse kuthandiza mabanja osauka panalibe wina kulima, kubzala ndi kukolola mbewu. Si onse amavomereza moyo woterowo a Leo Tolstoy. Tolstoy sanamvetse ngakhale a m'banja lake. Koma iye anakhalabe anaumirirabe. Ndipo m'chilimwe lonse Yasnaya Polyana anathyola mu munda ndipo anapita ndikutchetcha lapansi. Pakati pa ntchito ngakhale wotchuka, mafupa okhaokha udzu.

mpumulo njala

Ataona mfundo zosangalatsa za moyo Lva Nikolaevicha Tolstogo, wina amakumbukira zochitika za chaka cha 1898. Mtsensk ndi blackening zigawo kamodzinso njala zinasokonekera. Wolemba, atavala anamuperekeza akale ndi sasinthasintha, ndi knapsack pa nsana wake ndi mwana wake, kumuchititsa kuthandiza, ulendo wopita ku midzi yonse ndi kukapeza komwe zinali kwenikweni womvetsa chisoni. sabata anapanga mndandanda ndi cholengedwa khumi Kudya aliyense wa chigawocho pamene anadyetsa mu malo oyamba, ana, okalamba ndi odwala. Chakudya anabweretsa kuchokera Yasnaya Polyana, anakonzera chakudya awiri otentha tsiku. kanthu Tolstoy anaonetsetsa oipa ndi maulamuliro, amene anakhazikitsa ulamuliro okhazikika pa iwo, ndipo m'derali. Lingaliro lomaliza kuti zimenezi Zithunzi kungachititse chakuti posachedwa iwo adzakhala ndi kulima munda, ndi mkaka ng'ombe.

Kamodzi mwa zipinda zodyeramo analowa miyendo itatu ndipo ndinayamba kucheza ndi kuwerengera. Iye anadandaula kuti ngakhale wolemba amasangalala kuchita, koma munthu yokakamiza, chifukwa sindikudziwa momwe kukhala - anali chilolezo kwa zinthu zimenezi wa kazembe. Yankho wolemba linali losavuta: "Usachite kumene amakakamizidwa zinthu zosemphana ndi chikumbumtima chawo." Ndipo chinali moyo wonse wa Lva Nikolaevicha Tolstogo.

matenda aakulu

Mu 1901, wolemba anadwala malungo kwambiri ndi malangizo a madotolo anapita ku Crimea. Pali m'malo anatola kuchiritsa kutupa ndi ngakhale typhoid. Ine ndikuyembekeza kuti iye adzapulumuka pafupifupi mwina. Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy, amene ntchito lili ntchito zambiri kufotokoza imfa ya ake okonzeka maganizo. Iye sanachite mantha kusiya moyo. Wolemba anati tiwonana kwa okondedwa. Ndipo pamene ananena kuti Iye akanakhoza kokha alira, mwana aliyense wapereka malangizo wapatali m'tsogolo, monga kunapezeka, ngakhale kwa zaka zisanu ndi zinayi asanafe. Zinali kwambiri, kuyambira zaka zisanu ndi zinayi pambuyo palibe m'banja - ndipo pafupifupi onse anasonkhana pa siteshoni Astapovo - saloledwa kumuona wodwala.

maliro wolembayo

Back mu 90s wa, Tolstoy mu zolemba zake anafotokoza zimene Ndikufuna kuona maliro ake. Patapita zaka khumi, mu "Maulendo" akuuza nkhani ya wotchuka "ndodo wobiriwira", ndi m'manda ku chigwa pafupi mitengo ya. Ndipo kale mu 1908, kuzichita otenga ndikukhumba: okuti bokosi matabwa kuti kumene anali kufunafuna mu gwero la ubwana wosatha abale wabwino.

Tolstoy Leo Nikolayevich, monga mwa chifuniro chake, naikidwa paki ya Yasnaya Polyana. Pamaliro nawo anthu zikwi zingapo, amene anali osati abwenzi, admirers, ndi olemba, komanso alimi wamba, amene nthawi zonse ankachitira ndi chisamaliro ndi kumvetsa.

Nkhani ya pangano ndi

Chidwi mfundo ndi moyo Lva Nikolaevicha Tolstogo ndi nkhawa yake ndi kulemekeza chifuniro cha cholowa kulenga. Wolemba ankawakonda akalola asanu: mu 1895 (kope), 1904 (kalata Chertkov), 1908 (malinga Gusev), kawiri mu 1909 ndipo mu 1010-m. Malinga ndi mmodzi wa iwo, zolemba zake zonse ndi ntchito analandira ntchito wamba. Pa wina ndi ufulu zapita Chertkov. Potsilizira pake, Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy, zinthu zonse za mbiri yake anapatsa mwana wake Alexandra, ndi zaka sikisitini anakhala wachiwiri kwa atate wake.

nambala 28

Malinga ndi abale, wolemba nthawi nditaona maganizo a tsankho. Koma manambalawo twente eyiti ankaona kuti ndi wapadera ndi okondedwa. Chinali chiyani - losavuta mwangozi kapena tsoka tsoka? Sizikudziwika, koma ambiri a zochitika zofunika kwambiri pa moyo, ndipo woyamba ntchito Lva Nikolaevicha Tolstogo ogwirizana ndi izo. Nawu mndandanda wa iwo:

• August 28, 1828 - tsiku la kubadwa kwa wolemba.
• May 28, 1856 kufufuza adayamba chilolezo kwa buku la buku loyamba ndi nkhani "Childhood ndi unyamata".
• June 28 anabadwa woyamba Sergei.
• Pa February 28, ukwati wa mwana wa Eliya.
• October 28 wolemba muyaya zachoka Yasnaya Polyana.