Chida choimbira mphepo ndi mawu ake

Zida zoimbira za Woodwind zimapangitsa kuti phokoso la oimba la symphony likhale loyera bwino komanso lowala. Mzere wa aliyense wa iwo ndi wodziimira kotero kuti olembawo samangopereka chitoliro, clarinet, oboe ndi bassoon ndi gawo lawo, komanso amapanga zigawo zazikulu za solo kwa iwo. Chisamaliro chachikulu chimaperekedwa kokha ku gulu la uta la oimba. Chida choimbira mphepo ndi mphamvu ya phokoso, imakhala yogwirizana, ili ndi mphamvu zambiri. Tiyeni tione bwinobwino aliyense wa iwo.

Mphutsi

Chombo chachikulu kwambiri choimbira mphepo, chomwe chinadziwika kuyambira nthawi ya Igupto, Greece ndi Roma, koma mwinamwake anabadwira zaka zambirimbiri kale. Ngakhalenso mawonekedwe oyambirira - bango lokha limadulidwa mwanjira yapadera - chitoliro chikhoza kumveka nyimbo. Kuchokera ku Middle Ages, mitundu iwiri ikudziwika: chitoliro cholondola ndi chitoliro chopyapyala. Mzere wolunjika - ndi nsonga - unali wosavomerezeka kwambiri kuti ukhale wosinthika ndipo motero sagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, m'zaka za zana la 18 iwo adalowetsedwa ndi mlongo wodalirika "wodutsa" kuchokera kwa oimba. Mwachizoloŵezi (kuchokera mosavuta kwa masewera) mulibe chitoliro chofanana pakati pa abale. Chida chokonda kwambiri choimba nyimbo panyumba nthawi zambiri chimakhala nyimbo zokhazokha nyimbo. Zoona, mkokomo waukulu wa cantilena uli wovuta kuchita - ukufuna mpweya wothamanga kwambiri. Kumveka kuli kuzizira, monga otherworldly. Tiyenera kutchula zitsanzo zabwino kwambiri za chida ichi: nyimbo ya opera "Orpheus ndi Eurydice" ndi Gluck ndi "The Dance of the Shepherd" kuchokera pa bullet "The Nutcracker" ya Tchaikovsky.

Oboe

Mbadwa ya chitoliro choyambirira. The European version of oboe amachokera ku Middle East. M'zaka za zana la 17 iye adalowa mu gulu la oimba la symphony, pomwe adafulumizitsa kukondana ndikukhala wokondedwa kwa onse okonda nyimbo. Kwa oboe analemba zojambula zovuta kwambiri kuyambira nthawi ya Lully, Bach ndi Handel. Pambuyo pake, m'zaka za zana la 19, adapereka kwa chokondweretsa cha clarinet. Oboe sichiyenera kusintha, izo ndizofanana ndi gulu lonse la oimba. Choimba "choimba" ichi, ngakhale kuti, ngati chitoliro, chingakhale chopambana. Koma "kavalo" wake - elegy, chisoni, chisoni. Mwachitsanzo, kuthamanga kusanayambe kuchita "Swan Lake" ndi Tchaikovsky.

Clarinet

Wamphamvu, wosasinthasintha, wolemera kwambiri pofotokoza momveka bwino amatanthauza phokoso la clarinet amavomerezedwa nthawi yomweyo ndipo timamva nthawi zonse zomwe zida zoimbira za mphepo zikulimbanirana pomenyana ndi omvera. Chikhalidwe cha abusa pa chithunzichi chikufalitsidwa makamaka ndi okondedwa a olemba nyimbo: Tchaikovsky ndi Rimsky-Korsakov adapatsa chokometsera cha mbusa Lelya. Kuwonjezera pa kachitidwe kaŵirikaŵiri, orchestra ya symphonic imagwiritsa ntchito clarinet yaing'ono, ya bass ndipo nthawi zina imakhala ndi alto - bassethorn.

Pansi

Mumasulira kuchokera ku Italy - mtolo wa nkhuni. Kodi dzina ili linachokera kuti? M'zaka za zana la 16, pogwiritsa ntchito chitoliro chakale - bombardment - chida chamatabwa chinamangidwa ngati mawonekedwe akuluakulu a matabwa awiri. Zikuoneka ngati zikuwoneka ngati nkhuni m'manja mwa woimba. Ndondomeko yatsopanoyi inadabwitsidwa ndi anthu omwe ali ndi euphony ndipo adatchedwanso "Dolcino" - "okoma, okoma." M'zaka za m'ma 1900 adalandira mapulani ake payekha pakugawidwa kwa mawu a oimba a symphony. Mwachitsanzo - opera "Robert-Devil" ndi Meyerbeer, kumene zikhomo zimasonyeza kuseka kwa imfa. Zambiri mwa njira zake zogwiritsira ntchito zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndi Beethoven, ndi Weber, ndi Rimsky-Korsakov (makamaka "Scheherazade"), ndipo khalidwe lomveka bwino linali chida choimbira mphepo pamutu wa agogo aamuna ("Petya ndi Wolf" ndi Prokofiev) komanso pamapeto a chisanu ndi chinayi cha symphony ya Shostakovich. Kuphatikiza pa chikhomo chenichenicho mu gulu la oimba la symphony, chida chochepetsedwa kwambiri chimamveka - chophwanyika, katatu kanyumba kotalika pafupifupi mamita anayi a chitoliro cha matabwa. Tsopano ili ndi mtolo, chotero mtolo! Ndizovuta kwambiri kusiyana ndi njira yosavuta, koma chimangidwe chikufanana ndi chiwalo. Nthawi zambiri zimathandiza kulimbitsa mzere. Chitsanzo: "Kukambirana kwa Kukongola ndi Chirombo" Ravel ndi liwu la chilombo.