Chichewa: anthu, nyengo zachilengedwe ndi zokopa

Mzinda wachiwiri kukula kwa dera Saratov - Chichewa, amene anthu amasonyeza mphamvu zabwino azilandira - ali ndi mbiri chidwi ndi zokopa. anthu kuthetsa kuti mzinda ali yake yapadera khalidwe, kuti azikhala bwinobwino ndipo mokondwa. Ngakhale anthu Chichewa mzinda wa akukumana angapo mavuto ndi mavuto monga mumzinda wa Russia.

madera

City Chichewa lomwe lili ndi chiwerengero ife kufufuza, inali 7 km ku dera likulu - Saratov - m'mphepete mwa umodzi wa mitsinje yaikulu Russian - ndi Volga. mzinda ali ndi malo makilomita lalikulu 115. Pamudzi The lili pa kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa East European Plain, omasuka mzinda malo kwa kuyenda, popanda nsonga zazikulu ndi ufa. mzinda lagona pa mzere gombe, amene ali okwera wofatsa kum'mwera. Okwera mamita 15 kuchokera ku gombe kuti chimbuzi kum'mwera pa mamita 40.

Malo a midzi - kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa Ulaya Russia, dera wotsika Volga. Mtunda wochokera ku likulu kuti Chichewa ndi 870 Km. Gawo la mzinda akhala kudziwika nkhokwe achilengedwe. Iripano lofunika kwambiri zachilengedwe Madamu mobisa madzi. Bwino chitukuko cha mzindawo zonse wapereka kwa moyandikana wa wamphamvu gwero madzi ndi zoyendera - ndi Volga. Kudzera waterway izi kudutsa mu mzinda anathamanga zamalonda ambiri, ndi zotsatira zabwino pa chiwerengero cha anthu Chichewa. Lero, chinthu chachikulu cha mtendere wa mzinda ndi moyandikana ndi dera likulu - Saratov.

nyengo

mzinda ili mu zone ya zolimbitsa chokhala ndi nyengo. Izi zikutanthauza kuti anthu Chichewa ali ofunda, ngakhale otentha ndipo nthawi zina youma m'chilimwe ndi nyengo ndi ozizira. Seasonality mu kutchulidwa. nyengo zambiri ofunda m'chilimwe, mwezi yotentha - July, pamene kutentha pafupifupi kuzungulira 22 madigiri Celsius, thermometer nthawi zambiri kukacha kwa manambala 40. Zima ozizira kwambiri, koma frosts aakulu zambiri kukhala osachepera sabata - awiri. Mwezi kunkafika pachimake - January, pamene kutentha pafupifupi kudera manambala -10, koma pangakhale frosts digiri -20-25.

Chamvula Chichewa zokwanira, pafupifupi masiku 12-15 ndi mpweya mu mwezi. Mwezi driest - April, ndi wettest - August. Spring wofanana ndi fogs pafupipafupi, amangoona nyengo yopuma suchedwa kutha, pafupi mwezi: pa khumi zapitazo wa March kwa khumi zapitazo wa April. Chichewa chilimwe yaitali, amene sangakhoze kulephera kusangalatsa anthu am'deralo, izo chimakhala cha mochedwa April mochedwa September. Nyengo sizovuta achisanu ndi wautali. Chipale chivundikiro nthawi anaika mwa mapeto a November. Chichewa mzinda nyengo omasuka ndithu kwa anthu, ndipo chifukwa china chimene chikoka Pamudzi.

zachilengedwe

Poyamba, Chichewa chinali m'dera otetezeka zachilengedwe. The meadows ozungulira, nkhalango ndi minda kulenga chikhalidwe abwino moyo. Mu Soviet Union, mu mabizinezi angapo lalikulu mafakitale zinamangidwa "Khimvolokno" kleyzavod, kuti yopanga mbewu nayiloni. Iwo ali okongola owonongedwa zachilengedwe maziko mu mzinda. Koma mu nthawi ya kukonzanso pafupifupi onse kupanga izi anatsekedwa ndipo lero Chichewa, amene anthu salinso kudandaula mpweya zauve, ndi mzinda wotetezeka kwambiri mawu a zachilengedwe.

Chichewa monga malo ndi

City - izi ndi zenizeni chilengedwe moyo. The angatitonthoze ndi yabwino amalenga preconditions kukula kapena kuchepa chiwerengero cha anthu. Chichewa, amene anthu ikukula likunena, uli ndi zinthu zambiri. Choncho, moyandikana ndi Saratov - likulu zigawo - amalola mzinda ntchito ambiri zomangamanga, monga kugula ndi zosangalatsa malo, ogwira ntchito zaumoyo ndi maphunziro. Cities interrelate atatu Volga milatho ndipo ambiri mwa njira zoyendera.

Zonsezi zimapangitsa m'mudzi lapadera: izo Chili chithumwa m'chipinda cha mudzi ndipo nthawi yomweyo amatipatsa zothekera zonse za mzinda wa. Chichewa anthu nthawi zambiri ntchito ndi kuphunzira Saratov, atafika ku tawuni madzulo ndipo kumapeto kwa sabata. Ngakhale mudzi ali okwanira malo ntchito ndi maphunziro. chakuti anthu kuti si anakumana ndi mavuto kupeza chuma zofunikira zonse ndi misonkhano, zodzitetezera pa umoyo wa anthu nkhawa. Chichewa yodziwika ndi bwino lalikulu anali kuthokoza kukula kwake ang'ono amalola kuti mwamsanga kuti mavuto. Kodi mzinda mu nthawi zone "Moscow Time" pamodzi ndi dziko lonse kukanidwa ndi kusintha kwa nthawi nyengo.

Chichewa mfundo ofooka ndi zomangamanga zoyendera yolumikiza mumzinda kuti pakati, kuyenda pagulu anaikira pamodzi msewu Thalmann mu mpumulo wa matakisi kuyenda ndi trolleys, koma mokhazikika ntchito zawo m'malo otsika. Koma m'madera onse angafike pa phazi, zomwe zikhoza kukhala ntchito yovuta zedi, chifukwa Chichewa anatambasula pamodzi katundu wambiri. Ubwino undoubted la mzindawo ndi kusapezeka pafupifupi chotipinga.

Mwalamulo mzinda lagawidwa m'zigawo zisanu ndi chimodzi: Central, Volga, reclamation, m'mphepete mwa nyanja, ndi m'mudzi Plodosovhoz Kugalamuka. Ma zosiyanasiyana mlingo wa chitonthozo cha moyo, monga mwa mayendedwe kugula ndi chitetezo. Chigawo ali kusukulu osachepera limodzi ndi sukulu ya mkaka, mudzi zimaonetsa ambiri mipata wobiriwira.

Population Chichewa: kukula ndi mphamvu

Umoyo wa mzinda, akatswiri amanena wosasunthika kuchuluka kwa anthu ake. Pakali pano, chiwerengero cha anthu Chichewa ndi mazana awiri ndi asilikari zikwi makumi awiri anthu. Kuzipenya wa mphamvu ya chiwerengero cha anthu akhala akufufuza kuyambira 1897 pamene panali 20 zikwi anthu. Kuyambira pamenepo, ziwerengero awiri okha anasonyeza kuchepa kwa chiwerengero cha anthu mu 2003 ndi 2009. The mzinda wonsewo ikukula likunena, kusonyeza kuti mikhalidwe ya moyo pali zovomerezeka ndithu.

Chichewa analenga zinthu yabwino moyo ndipo pali nthawi malo atsopano ntchito. Employment Center (Chichewa) alinga kuti mlingo ulova mu mzinda anali pa mitengo poyerekeza pafupifupi dziko. Mu Soviet Union, mlendo wokhala avareji kukula anali 3-4% pa chaka. Pa ziŵalo chithunzi anagwa 0.5%. Ndipo lero ndi kukula, ndi avareji 1.7-2%. Akatswiri akuyembekezeka kukhala mwa mayendedwe a kukula , ndipo ngakhale kuwonjezeka yaing'ono yawo, ndipo zaka zingapo kuti chithunzi okwana anthu 230 sauzande. osalimba a anthu ndi pafupifupi (anthu 2075 pa lalikulu kilometre), amenenso omasuka kukhalamo.

The zikuchokera anthu

zodzitetezera pa umoyo wa anthu (Chichewa) mosalekeza oyang'anira zikuchokera kwa Chiwerengero cha mzindawo. maphunziro awo akusonyeza kuti akazi amachuluka. Ndi kunyumba kwa amuna 98.800 ndi akazi pafupifupi 122 zikwi. Age makhalidwe a mzinda akhoza zimachitika ku midzi achinyamata ndi kukula, kota alionse wa "ntchito m'badwo" gulu.

Chiwerengero cha ana mu mzinda ikukula. Komabe, kuwonjezeka achilengedwe a anthu mu mzinda uli pa mlingo zoipa (-1.7 pa 1,000), kotero mphamvu ya kukula ndi anaonetsetsa ndi osamukawo, amene chiwerengero zikuchulukirachulukira chaka chilichonse. The zikuchokera fuko la Chichewa ndi mokwanira yunifolomu. Pafupifupi 80% ya anthu - ndi Russian. The chachiwiri chiwerengero mtundu - Chitata (pafupifupi 3%), kenako Chiyukireniya (2.5%), Kazakhs (1%), Chiameniya, Azerbaijanis ndi ena.

Employment Chichewa anthu

Low mitengo komanso ntchito zikusowa apobe sizimatanthauza ntchito zonse Chichewa anthu. Chiwerengero ntchito kwambiri mu ankafuna mu makampani akuluakulu mafakitale ndi midzi mu m'munsi padziko lonse lapansi mpweya. Iwo amapereka ntchito anthu ambiri wamwamuna, akazi kupeza ntchito akusamba kungakhale kovuta. Chiwerengero chachikulu kwambiri lova ndi akazi kuyambira azaka 30 mpaka 55 ndi mkulu mlingo wa maphunziro. Zokha kuthetsa ulova Employment Center (Chichewa). Jobs apelekedwe apo, ali kwambiri zimakonda ndi kudzaza mipando pa mabizinezi mafakitale ndi makampani utumiki.

Mavuto a anthu a mumzindawo

Chichewa, ngakhale zinthu ndi wamoyo wabwino, angapo mavuto kusokoneza miyoyo ya anthu. Zikuphatikizapo ulova osokonekera zinthu chigawenga m'madera ena a mzinda, mlingo wochepa wa malipilo. Mogwirizana ndi kuchuluka m'zaka zaposachedwapa zikuchepa pali vuto ndi kindergartens chitetezo: ana ambiri onse abwino kwa zaka 4. Koma mavuto amenewa ndi achilendo kwa anthu a dziko lonse, kotero Pankhaniyi engelsity moyo komanso boma lonse. Chichewa kugula likulu pang'ono (awiri okha), ndi zosangalatsa enawo, vutoli mosavuta kusiya zochimwazo kumathetsa ulendo Saratov, koma pali kumverera kuti mzinda anthu ambiri alibe chochita.

Mbiri ya m'mudzi

Mwalamulo, mzinda tsopano lili ndi dzina la Chichewa kuonekera mu 1747. Ndiye izo unakhazikitsidwa boma okhawo pa ulimi mchere ndi wokwera mtengo kwambiri pamalo abwino zofunika mankhwala. Pa nkhani imeneyi, Mfumu analamula "kutsogolo Saratov" kuika kuthetsa watsopano, amene adzakhala ndi soledobytchiki. Poyamba, pamenepo adawonekera linga kuti kulondera dera la wongosamukasamuka, pang'onopang'ono tawuni adakula otukuka.

m'tawuni zinasintha maina angapo. Poyamba ankatchedwa Pokrovskaya Sloboda polemekeza woyamba Church matabwa a Kupemphera kwa Virgin. Kachisi kenako yapsya, koma dzina wathandiza mokhulupirika. Mu 1854, njanji Anamanga kukagawira, linapangitsa kuti kwafalikira ya Kupemphera Sloboda. Pang'onopang'ono, kumakhaladi yaikulu msika kum'mawa kwa Volga. Mu 1914, kuthetsa analandira udindo mudzi ndipo anatchedwa Pokrovsky.

Pamudzi kangapo wadutsa kuchokera ku chigawo Saratov ku Samara ndi mmbuyo mu 1919 mumzinda potsiriza membala wa dera Saratov. Mu 1930, pafupi ndi Pokrovsky anayamba kumanga mpweya m'munsi kuno airfield asilikali inamangidwa, bungwe chilimwe sukulu, amene wakhala imodzi yabwino ku dziko. Ngakhale gulu lankhondo Anatseka Pamudzi, linakhalapo anali wamphamvu amadza zabwino pa citukuko ca mzinda.

Mu 1931 kuthetsa anali kachiwiri anadzatchedwa, nthawi iyi analandira dzina nzeru zapamwamba Friedrich Chichewa, amene anali kwambiri wolemekezeka boma latsopano Soviet. Pa nthawi imeneyo, anthu a dera Chichewa, Saratov ikukula mwachangu, mzinda chifukwa cha mafakitale amalandira mabizinezi angapo lalikulu mafakitale, limene limathandiza kuti chitukuko.

Kugwa kwa Soviet Union kwa nthawi mochedwa kukula kwa midzi, koma mofulumira Chichewa anali wokhoza kuti azolowere zinthu zatsopano, izi zathandiza kuti kusiyanitsa mabizinezi mafakitale. Mu 1996, chifukwa cha referendum ndi panali kugwirizana kwa mzinda ndi chigawo Chichewa. Lero, Chichewa - stably kukhala Pamudzi, amene ubwino ndi kuipa kwake, ali nkhope yake ndi nkhani yosangalatsa.

chuma Chichewa

chakuti chiwerengero cha anthu Chichewa mzinda wa ikukula, anafotokoza chifukwa chakuti ndi kuthetsa bwino olemera chuma. Lero mu mzinda wa zomera zisanu ndi zinayi zazikulu zikugwira ntchito bwinobwino:

- "Bosh Saratov" (poyamba fakitale galimoto mapulagi) lero umabala mapulagi kwa magalimoto, ndipo mulinso zomera kupanga radiators ndi zida zogwiritsa ntchito magetsi.

- "Chizindikiro" popanga Aviapribor ndi mpweya zida.

- "Henkel", okhazikika kupanga detergents kupanga.

- "Stankovita" umabala makina makampani mipando.

- chubu Works.

- Brickyard.

- Mkaka ndi chakudya mafakitale.

- "Khimvolokno".

- Trolleybus Bzalani.

Komanso pano kugwira ntchito ndipo ambiri mabizinesi ena: opanga ndi utumiki. Great chopereka kwa chuma cha dera amapanga m'munsi mpweya, amene amagwiritsa ntchito ambiri okhala ndi mzinda amakopeka akatswiri achinyamata ndi mabanja awo. Komanso, Chichewa angathe kupeza maphunziro ku mayunivesite ziwiri: Institute zopangapanga ndi Institute Cooperative ndi - mabungwe kapena atatu sekondale.

zowoneka

Chichewa - mzinda ndi mbiri mwachilungamo yaitali, moti pali chinachake kuwona. Cholinga ndi mbiri zakale, kumene inu mukhoza kuwona chithunzi cha mzinda wakale ndi anthu ake otchuka. Onse kuyendera mzinda onetsetsani kuona mpingo Woyera Utatu 1818 yomanga. zokopa Local zikuphatikizapo Operetta Theatre, luso gallery, owonetsera zakale nyumba Kassil. Mzimu wa nthawi zakale akhoza kufika poyenda m'misewu ndi kupenyetsetsa kayimidwe nyumba zakale, makamaka nyumba Petrov m'ma 20. Chiwerengero cha mzindawo a Chichewa moyenerera amanyadira chakuti pafupi ankafika zinachitika Yuri Gagarin yotchuka ndege mu mlengalenga. Apa kumanga chikumbutso zovuta ndi zikondwerero phokoso pachaka awonetse Tsiku la Astronautics.