Cheza chitetezo

Tikaganizira masoka posachedwapa ku Chernobyl Chiyukireniya ndi Japanese Fukushima-1 ndi Fukushima-2, cheza chitetezo linakhala wina vuto lonse la anthu. Zaka 50 zapitazo mpweya wa poizoni anali wawo umboni wa ena zinthu mankhwala, tsopano mowiriza kuwola nyukiliya nkomwe wophunzira, ngakhale, ndi za kuopsa cheza.

The owopsa a Alpha, beta ndi Popanga madzi a gamma cheza kungachititse kuti nyumba zonse za thupi (cheza matenda), chotupa chija, matenda majini ndi imfa (pachimake cheza matenda).

Malinga mtundu wa poizoni mosiyana ndi nthumwi cheza chitetezo, pamene aliyense tinthu amakhala ndi mphamvu yake ozama. Choncho, alpha-particles ndi munthu pazipita sichikupindulitsani zotsatira Komabe, mkatikati ngakhale pepala wamba a pepala. Cholepheretsa cheza cha beta angakhale galasi. Koma Popanga madzi a gamma cheza ali ndi mphamvu mkulu ozama. Otetezedwa ku pogwiritsa ntchito chitsanzo kapena zitsulo mbale.

cheza chitetezo sikumangotanthauza chotchinga thupi pakati pa munthu ndi gwero la cheza thupi. particles nyukiliya mosavuta kudutsa mu thupi mwa kapepala kupuma, kapepala kakuti m'mimba.

Njira kuchilango cha kutentha, malingana ndi njira lagawidwa mitundu ingapo:

• Time. Malinga nthawi yadutsa kuyambira kuphulika ngozi ya nyukiliya cheza mlingo zimasiyanasiyana kwambiri: zaka 2.5-3 izo yafupika ndi pafupifupi 100 zina.
• Ulamuliro N'chimodzimodzinso mtunda kuchokera cheza gwero kapena hypocenter. Ndi kuwonjezeka mtunda kuchokera pamene panayambira nthawi 2 mlingo cheza yafupika nthawi 4.
• Mawotchi zopinga tatchulazi, monga zabwino chitetezo cha kutentha. Koma si nthawi zambiri n'zotheka kudziwa zomwe ndi cheza ife tiyenera kuchita, choncho ntchito bwino zopinga chilengedwe (zomwe Komabe, si kuchilango Popanga madzi a gamma cheza, koma kufooketsa iwo): njerwa kapena konkire makoma osachepera 40 cm wandiweyani, chitsulo kapena kuzunguza mitu utsogoleri wa masentimita 8-13, 90 masentimita nthaka. Chophimba bwino pa Popanga madzi a gamma cheza ndi madzi.
• Komanso, pali chitetezo munthu ku cheza. Zina mwa fumbi chigoba ndi magolovesi (ku cheza Alpha), chigoba (cheza beta), mapepala apulasitiki pa mbali zonse poyera za thupi (nyutironi cheza).
• Popeza kuti cheza ali ndi luso mkatikati mwa mundawo m'mimba, m'pofunika kuteteza motsutsa izo, ndi madzi ndi chakudya. Madzi awa muli ayenera losindikizidwa, ndi N'chimodzimodzinso mankhwala chakudya: iwo ayenera kunyamulidwa mu polyethylene womata ndi kutsukidwa ndi madzi oyera pamaso ntchito kuti kusamba kuchotsa fumbi nyukiliya.
• Palinso njira mankhwala chitetezo. Ngakhale chikhulupiriro ambiri, izi si ayodini! Akamwedwa lalikulu zedi, inu kudzangokuvulazani nokha, koma vitamini maofesi ndi ayodini alandiridwa. Kumathandiza chelators, losavuta limene - adamulowetsa mpweya. Akatswiri ena, iwo ali radioprotective katundu tincture wa Eleutherococcus. mercaptoalkylamines zochokera mankhwala mankhwala anakonzedwa kuti adziteteze ku cheza.
• Pakuti decontamination wa pamalo a zinthu zosiyanasiyana ndi ntchito zomveka madzi ndi sopo yankho.

M'nyengo ya mphamvu nyukiliya anthufe anasonkhanitsa ndi sitolo chidwi zokhudza limagwirira cha zochita za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya dzuwa, momwe angatetezere ndi iwo. Komabe, 100 chitetezo% ndi cheza si operekedwa ndi aliyense wa iwo, ngakhale kuti ngozi bomba la nyukiliya padziko lapansili ndi weniweni mu tikukumana ungwiro wa mbewu ntchito ndi Kusiya mphwayi mayiko 'club nyukiliya.