Chess player Korchnoy Viktor Lvovich: yonena, kupambana ndi mfundo zosangalatsa

Mu June 2016 pa chaka eyite-sikisi la moyo kumanzere Viktor Lvovich Korchnoy. Chigonjetso pa bolodi Chess - osati chinthu chokha chimene iye amadziwika dziko. Man kovuta tsoka, iye anakhala mmodzi wa "defectors" amene anatsutsa dongosolo lonse Soviet, wakhala nkhondo andale nkhondo Chess korona. Kodi panopa umatchedwa za munthu ameneyu?

kovuta ubwana

Anabadwa Victor Korchnoi - March 23, 1931. Malo obadwira - mzinda wa Leningrad. makolo ake linatha mwamsanga pambuyo pa kubadwa kwake, ndipo pa moyo nthawi 6 akuzengedwa mlandu pa malo okhala a mwanayo. Mayi ndiye anayesera kuti atenge mwana wake, bambo anabwera, kutchula chosowa ndalama. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, mnyamatayo anakhala mwana mu banja atate wake, amene anamwalira ali kutsogolo mu chaka choyamba cha nkhondo. Madzulo a Leo Merkurevich anayesa anatuma mwana wake kuti achoke, koma mayi anatenga mwanayo ndipo kuwapatsanso Leningrad. Iye analeredwa m'banja la ondipeza lake Rosa Abramovna, podziwa zoopsa zonse za zovuta. Khumi wazaka mnyamata anapita Neva Mtsinje m'madzi, kugonjetsa mabomba pafupifupi kilometre.

Viktor Lvovich Korchnoy, yonena amene anafotokoza mu mabuku, anali kholo Polish Ayuda. Polish abale a bambo sanathe apulumuke anatseka misewu nkhanza. Anathandizanso kuti Abramovna Rosa ntchito pa fakitale maswiti. Ngakhale, mu 1942 iye amakhoza kupita ku chipatala ndi matenda a "alibe."

amakopeka ndi Chess

Viktor Korchnoi akadali sukulu, amene yonena anauzidwa m'nkhani anakhala chidwi Chess. Ndipo mu 1947 anakhala USSR ngwazi mu msinkhu wake. Kupambana Mzimu, ndipo mu 1956 mnyamata analimbikitsidwa kuti GM. Mu yomweyi, maphunziro mbiri mkhalidwe wa Leningrad State University, koma osati tsiku osati anakhala mu zapaderazi lapansi. Chess wodzazidwa moyo wake wonse.

Mu 1957, mu Gagra anakumana Isabella Margaryan, kuphunzira pa IISS. Iye anali ndi tsoka ofanana: makolo ake linatha, kenako iye anabweretsedwa ndi bambo ake. Choyamba, msungwana wamng'ono manyazi chibwenzi Korchnoi, chifukwa iye anali pa nthawi imeneyo si fashionably kwambiri atavala, koma posakhalitsa anazindikira mwa iye munthu waluntha ndi chidwi ndipo anavomera kukwatira. Posachedwa banjalo mwana, Igor.

Mu 1960, Korchnoy Viktor Lvovich amakhala ngwazi za USSR. Zinali wachiwiri zofunika kwambiri pambuyo mutu wa ngwazi ya dziko, chifukwa Soviet Chess School chogwidwa m'bwalolo lonse. Izi pafupifupi basi anapereka mutu wa analemekeza Mwini Sports wa USSR. A mtsogoleri lonse pa nthawi anali Mikhail Botvinnik, koma mpikisano unali wamphamvu kwambiri mu dziko. Korchnoi atatu ena adzakhala wopambana wa USSR - mu 1962, 1964 ndi 1970, motero.

Moyo osewera Soviet Chess

Poyamba, Victor Korchnoi zonse anakonza: zaka 29 iye anali kale ndi 2-chipinda nyumba, galimoto. Komabe, ndili ndi zaka 33 ndinali ndi ngozi ndi galimoto magalimoto apolisi ndi kumbuyo gudumu salinso pansi. Zofunika inaperekedwa, chifukwa kuyambira 1954, iye accrued malipiro okhazikika. Kuzungulira dziko, ndi njira, izo zinali kuti masewera akatswiri dziko ayi, kotero GMs zimachitika ku mtundu wina wa ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, Petrosyan ankaona nzeru zapamwamba, ndi Anatoly Karpov - zachuma.

Korchnoy Viktor Lvovich ndi Efimom Petrovichem Gellerom kamodzi pambuyo mpikisano timu ku Germany West (1965) anapita ku umodzi wa midzi ang'ono kugwira ntchito. Chotero anaitana zisudzo awo ndi simul. Pa ulendo wa osewera Chirasha kuti munthu wina yemwe anapereka mu English Korchnoi kukhalabe Germany. Koma panthawi imeneyo GM analibe ngakhale n'kuganizira kuti achoke m'dzikolo, kotero mokoma anakana mayitanidwewo.

Zimayambitsa emigration

Pali Baibulo, anafuulira mwa Korchnoi, kuti mbali yofunika kwambiri mu athamangitsidwe wake ku dziko unachita ngwazi wakale wa dziko Tigran Petrosian. Pa ofuna machesi ku Odessa (1974) panali chochitika lalikulu pakati pa awiri, chifukwa cha zomwe Petrosian anakana kupitiriza mpikisano.

Iye anali ndi chizolowezi m'mwamba chikukoka phazi, amene Korchnoy Viktor Lvovich anadandaula kwa woweruza. Petrosian Nayenso kukaneneza anali mnzake kuti iye ankati mateche iye pansi pa tebulo, ndipo anakana kupitiriza kulimbana ndi preponderance nkhani ya mokomera Korchnoi. nkhondo itakula pambuyo kulephera kwa Victor L. kupita machesi ndi Fischer ku Buenos Aires mu timu Petrosyan. N'zosadabwitsa, tsogolo la kangapo adzawabwezeretsa pamodzi mu thupi, ndi masewera onsewa adzakhala aakulu ndi zopanda kwa Tigran Vartanovich ngati iye anamva kupalamula.

Chirichonse chomwe icho chinali, chosankha kusiya dziko Viktor Lvovich Korchnoy, amene emigration mu 60s linali zosatheka anavomera mu 1974, pambuyo machesi ndi Anatoliem Karpovym. Wopambana kulimbana kwa Chess korona ndi Bobbi Fisherom. Soviet Union anapanga uliwonse pa achinyamata Karpov, komanso mabanja Russian ndi ntchito. Kuti ntchito zonse Chess zazikulu ndi mphamvu malamulo. Ndipo amene anavomera kuthandiza Korchnoi, kenako panali mavuto aakulu. Mwachitsanzo, D. Bronstein, analipira ndi udindo wake.

VL Korchnoi, koma mu kuyankhulana ndi sanazindikire ukulu wa Karpov, umene wakhala pansi ndi chiweruzo gulu la grandmasters Soviet. Kalata lotseguka anali anayambitsa Petrosyan ndi sichinayambe yolembedwa ndi osewera Chess zinayi zokha, zomwe kwambiri kuwulula kwa Korchnoi.

Mavuto a m'banja Korchnoi

Kuthekera kusiya dziko anaonekera mu 1976. Korchnoy Viktor Lvovich anatsalira ku Holland pambuyo ndime ku Amsterdam. N'zokayikitsa kuti iye anaganiza vuto analenga banja lake. Nditabwerera ku Switzerland (Mr. Volen), ndi ku Israel bungwe kuitana kwa mkazi wake ndi mwana. Koma iwo osati sanadzisiyira dziko, koma Igor anamangidwa chifukwa chokana usilikali, atachoka m'banja. Munthuyo anali kutumikira zaka 2.5. Baiting womkanikizawo chasanduka banja lake adani a anthu. Isabella Egishevna thandizo la ndalama, anagulitsa garu ku nyumba poodle. Patapita tsiku kumbuyo ndi mawu amene sakudziwa chimene kugula kwa adani a anthu.

V. L. Korchnoy pa nthawi imene analemba woyamba zankhanza m'buku lake "Antishahmaty". Mu kalata A. Karpov, buku la amene adzatumizidwa ku K. U.Chernenko, izo amanena kuti akugwirizana osati kufalitsa zipangizo chosinthana ndi kulola banja lake kupita kudziko lina. Kenako, iye anavomereza kuti ngakhale akatulukire kwa Soviet oimira Mafia amene pambuyo 1982 iye anapeza kuti apatsidwe ndalama kuchoka kwa banja, ngakhale ndi chodziwikiratu kuti ankayesetsa izi.

moyo

Kodi kwambiri kudzudzulidwa Korchnoy Viktor Lvovich, wina moyo anakhala pagulu ankalamulira? Atalandira chilolezo kusiya dziko, mu Switzerland Isabella Egishevnu ndinkaganizira osati anasangalala mwamuna, wachilamulo ndi mapepala chilekano. mfundo yakuti ukwati ndi kulibenso, iye anali kwa zaka zingapo.

Back mu Holland, pa umodzi mwa magawo masewera munthawi yomweyo, mwamuna wake anakumanirana mbadwa ya Austria Petra Leeverik. Powona alendo pa buku tebulo la Leo Tolstoy "Kuuka" mu Russian, iye anasiya mawu ochepa naye. Kenako, waphunzirazo kuti mnzake Russian ayenera kuonetsetsa kuti zaka 10 anakhala m'misasa ya ku Soviet Union. Play Chess chabwino, adzapita magawo onse wake, mpaka tsiku lina sanawaitane Petulo kunyumba kwake. Ndipo khama zikugwirizana mu Baguio City (1978), kale atapita monga mutu wa nthumwi zake.

Korchnoy Viktor Lvovich, yemwe mkazi wake, pamodzi ndi mwana wake anafika ku Lausanne, kuti masiku otsiriza kumuthandiza ndalama. Isabella Egishevna osangalala moonlighted ngati ulendo womuongola magulu Chirasha ndipo anamwalira mu 1995 ku ofoola ziwalo. Igor mayi asanamwalire kuti sizigwirizana ndi atate wake, kuyambira kulankhulana pokhapokha imfa yake. Iwo ukugwira makompyuta, kukwatira sekondale wake wokondedwa ku Russia.

Creative chithunzi: ndi uncrowned wopambana

Viktor Korchnoi walemba mabuku angapo, kumene kusanthula mwatsatanetsatane za ntchito yake yonse akatswiri. Kuwonjezera "Antishahmat", iye lofalitsidwa ntchito zina zisanu, chidwi kwambiri umene ali: ". My 55 yapambana ndi wakuda" "Mai 55 yapambana woyera" ndipo

Izo zinachitika kuti pamene zisanu nthawi European ngwazi ndi wopambana kwambiri pafupifupi thupi lonse, kawiri anamenyera ufulu kukhala bwino Chess player mu dziko, koma osati anapindula ikutenga (mu 1978 ndipo mu 1981). Nthawi iyi inali mdani anamuda Karpov amene otkazyvael luso lapadera. Mu zoyankhulana zambiri za geniuses Chess amasonkhanitsa yekha Kasparov ndi R. Fischer, kulipira msonkho ndi amene anafa oyambirira T. Petrosian.

machesi yake yabwino iye ankakhulupirira 21 na- kusewera machesi choyamba (1978), pamene Karpov kutsanzika pa kusuntha 19, koma zotsatira zake zinali zosachita mapeto kale pa 13. atasemphana kuti inatha ndi zigoli 5: 6 ndipo wakhala chofunika Soviet Union kuti ndi V. L. Korchnogo unayambitsidwa osati yaikulu akatswiri komanso makina ndale. Defector sakanakhoza kukhala katswiri dziko, kotero buku likunena za kuwopsyeza mwachindunji kuti uwonongedwe thupi, vuto la imfa A. Karpov.

Machesi mu 1981 sizinali choncho aliuma ndipo zinatha zigoli 2: 6, sipangakhalenso anafotokoza chifukwa chakuti V. L. Korchnomu kunali kovuta kupeza mu mawonekedwe, chifukwa pafupifupi zaka seveni, iye anali asanalandire oitanira kwa thupi lalikulu, zili zazing'ono.

Home chigonjetso cha Victor L. kuti anali moyo wake wonse anakhala okhulupirika woona Chess. Ankasewera kuposa 4500 masewera, ali mawonekedwe zazikulu, ndi zaka 80 pokhala grandmaster yakale kwambiri mu dziko. Iye sanachite mantha kutsutsa dongosolo, osauka mtundu wake ndi dziko. Mu zaka 90 wakhala abwezeretsedwe, koma anasankha kuti nzika Swiss.

afterword

Korchnoy Viktor Lvovich amene anabwerera buku mafani mu nyengo ya Soviet ndi kuonetsa zokhota ndale la Soviet Union, kufikira m'masiku otsiriza anali maganizo. Iye ikamawerengedwa mavesi komanso kuwakumbukira ngakhale mfundo pang'ono odziwika mbiri Chess. Grandmaster anavomereza kukhala woyamba mu dziko anali zizipita ku zolakwa zathu osati machenjerero a adani. Iye sanali sverhodaron, koma nthawi zonse anali ndi zovuta ntchito ndi kumenyana mzimu. defector A sanatero chifukwa cha kulimba mtima, koma mwa mosimidwa. Pambuyo pa kuyankhulana pa TV wotchedwa Dmitry Gordon anati Chess macrobiotic mawu zidzasintha: "Kulankhula kwa inu, ndakhala anzeru."

Dziko ndipo dziko June 6, 2016 atamva kuti anafa Korchnoy Viktor Lvovich. Chifukwa cha imfa sizinafotokozedwe, koma ife tonse tikudziwa kuti zaka zingapo zapitazi GM ankakhala ndi pacemaker ndi, anayenda ndi ndodo ndipo sanathe kumva, ntchito thandizo kumva. Thupi analeka. Pakuti moyo kutali dzikolakwathu, limene kwa zaka zambiri panalibe kumvana, mayeso si kophweka.