Socialist Fure Sharl ndi malingaliro ake. Wambiri ndi ntchito ya Charles Foriya

Zosatheka zokomera Sharl Fure mukuganizazo ndi anthu abwino popanda okhawo cha boma mphamvu. Ngakhale kuti lingaliro ndi zosatheka, Foriya chiphunzitso kunathandiza kwambiri pa Marxism ndi mfundo zokomera.

ubwana

April 7, 1772 ku banja ndi olemera ndithu wamalonda Besancon anali ndi mwana - Fure Sharl. Monga mwana, mwanayo anali atapatsidwa mwayi wawukulu kumvetsa Sciences osiyana ndi luso, iye anali wolemekezeka ndi chizolowezi maloto yekha, ankakonda chibwana ankawerenga ndi nyimbo. Chotero ali mwana wa inasintha ndi akatswiri Amaonetsa mtima, amene anafotokozedwa kenako utakhala mnyamata. sukulu Charles anali mipata yambiri, iye anaphunzira ku koleji Akatolika, ndipo kenako nthawi anaphunzira sayansi zosiyanasiyana nthawi pamene moyo wasintha kwambiri. Bambo ake anamwalira, ndiponso zochita zake sanali mu chikhalidwe waluntha. Choncho, Foriya 18 wazaka anakakamizika kuima kumbuyo kauntala pa sitolo ndalama kuzidyetsa wokha, koma moyo wake ndi ichi osati kunama.

Kufunafuna palokha

Ngakhale kufunika ntchito, Sharl Fure, amene yonena Osangopereka kuchita ankasinthana phompho, nthawi zonse anali ndi ludzu la chidziwitso ndi kusinkhasinkha. zaka zingapo ntchito mwakhama, maulendo, phindu ndi imfa zinachititsa chakuti mu 1793, Foriya anali mwini wake wa shopu ya katundu atsamunda. Koma ndiye anadza French kuukira boma, ndipo iye asaluza pyonsene, iye usilikali, kumene m'chipatala thanzi ndipo kachiwiri amakakamizidwa kuyamba njira zawo, tsopano kalaliki kenako wogula. Koma nthawi yonseyi iye sasiya pokulitsa chidziwitso, kuphunzira zinthu zatsopano, kuonera dziko kupita, ndipo anaonekera malingaliro osiyana.

chiwembuyo

zaka zambiri ntchito mu mabungwe osiyanasiyana, Fure Sharl kumanga ntchito zosiyanasiyana. impracticability awo kapena otsika zofunikira amalola timachitcha icho ku nthawi ino projectors. Amacita cidwi ndi zinthu zonse, ndipo iye akufuna kusintha. The Fure Sharl kugonjera ku Unduna wa chitetezo dongosolo kutsogolo chakudya m'njira yatsopano, malingaliro ake akugwira ntchito nkhuni ndi zitsulo njanji, ndi kugwira ntchito inayake pa mayendedwe a asilikali kudutsa Rhine, ndi osauka ntchito kulenga osankhidwa mwapadera amkhalapakati. ntchito zake zonse nthawi zambiri chifukwa kunyozedwa yekha, koma sasiya ntchito maganizo Foriya. Ndi zaka makumi atatu, pamapeto pake anazindikira maitanidwe - kukhala wokonzanso zachikhalidwe, ndi kuti amapereka zambiri nthawi ndi khama.

Mu 1803 iye analemba ndemanga yaing'ono mfundo atsamunda, amene anasonyeza m'maganizo ndi masomphenya, ndi mphamvu uneneri. Kenako mu 1808, anafalitsa wake woyamba ntchito yaikulu "Chiphunzitsochi mwa magulu anayi ndi malo onse", omwe anakhala wotsogolera wa chiphunzitso wathunthu wa Foriya. Buku si mpata Charles mwayi moyo yekha pantchito sayansi, iye sanapatsidwe ziyenera zabwino m'nthawi yake. Kwa kanthawi iye ali kulimbana moyo wawo. Ndipo okha 1822 ali ndi mwana ndi woyang'anira amene ndalama buku la buku lotsatira.

Chiphunzitso cha mgwirizano m'chilengedwe chonse

Back mu ntchito oyambirira a Foriya sotsietarny formulates ndondomeko ya kusintha kwa anthu capitalist. Kenaka, chiphunzitso cha woganiza imene inatenga ku chiphunzitso cha mgwirizano m'chilengedwe chonse. Udindo kuyambira zochita amakhulupirira kuti bizinesi si chinthu chotsiriza mu chitukuko cha anthu, ndiye sitepe dziko la mogwirizana konsekonse. Iye ankakhulupirira kuti anthu ayenera zigwirizana mayanjano ntchito - phalanges, 2 zikwi anthu, iwo adzakhala phalanx a.

kugawana ntchito ndi phindu chilungamo, malinga ndi zosowa za anthu. Iye ankakhulupirira kuti phalansteries ngati angalenge pompano pa ndalama za akufuna kwabwino. Maziko a tsogolo la anthu kukhala ogwirizana ndi chiphunzitso cha mwake, mwachitsanzo. E. The ufulu cha anthu ayenera kukhala maziko awo kukhutitsidwa ntchito. Foriya akufuna kusintha kapangidwe lonse la anthu, kuyambira ndi maphunziro a ana, amene, mu maganizo ake, sikokwanira kokha maphunziro banja. Woganiza anali ndi kusintha chosintha a chikhalidwe, iye ankakhulupirira kuti bizinesi adzapita ogwirizana mwa anthu kukhwima. Mtundu watsopano anaona lopanda kukakamiza ndi kugawikana kalasi.

lozungulira anzake

Mu 20s kwa zaka za m'ma 18, Sharl Fure, amene maganizo zikufalitsa ndi kutchuka, amalenga mozungulira iye yaing'ono bwalo la anthu amaganizo amodzi. Iwo samangokhala kumvetsera maganizo a nzeru zapamwamba, komanso chinkhoswe mu popularization maganizo ake. Kwa zaka zambiri, ife lofalitsidwa magazini angapo, amene amafotokoza nkhani Fourierism. The otsatira olemera ndi otchuka ziphunzitso, makamaka abale la Namwali Wodalitsidwa ndi kazembe Bode-Dyulari aperekepo limanena ndithu kumanga phalanx, koma lingaliro anasonyeza kuti wosabereka. Popeza anthu a mmudzimo analibe luso la ntchito za ulimi ndi mapulani awo anapita awry. Mu theka lachiwiri la 30 ntchentche anthu amabwera Victor Considerant, amene anayamba kubwezeretsa kwa "kusukulu" Iye imalankhula magazini atsopano ndipo amathera kwambiri chuma kwa kufalitsa a malingaliro Fourierism. Tonse tikudziwa mbiri ya zoyesayesa makumi kulenga phalansteries mu Europe ndi America, koma anakwanitsa kupulumuka zaka zoposa zisanu.

Mfundo zikuluzikulu

Woganiza Fure Sharl, amene ntchito ankaonera m'nthawi ndi changu amanga chiphunzitso chakuti pa postulates izi. Bizinesi wamangidwa pa ntchito kukondera kugawa chuma, choncho n'kogwiritsa m'malo mwa mtundu watsopano wa anthu. The anthu abwino adzakhala zigwirizana phalanges - mabungwe omwe anakonza malinga ndi mfundo za kulankhula ndi miyambo ya kampani, adzakhala chuma payekha, koma izo sizidzakhala gwero la chinyengo. Mtundu waukulu kupanga - ulimi. Popeza cholinga chachikulu - kupeza yambiri chakudya kupewa kufunika kusokoneza aliyense mu Kugawilidwa kwanthaka awo. Ophunzira phalanx zimathandiza kuti wamba thumba ena ndalama zimene anapeza ndi njira za ulimi. Munthu aliyense anasankha mtundu wa ntchito malinga ndi luso lawo ndi mtima, choncho ntchito ndi kudzipereka ndi zosangalatsa. Makamaka anthu tsogolo ndi gulu oyenera pa mowa,

kutanthauza Fourierism

Sharl Fure - zokomera, zosatheka, ndi mphamvu kwambiri pa Marx ndi Chichewa. Iwo anavomereza kuti malingaliro n'komwe za Foriya anawalola kupeza njira zoyenera chilengedwe cha pa anthu ofanana. chikominisi sayansi Marx anachokera kwa chiphunzitso cha "mgwirizano m'chilengedwe chonse", kuswa ena mphindi yake zosatheka.

Pa Foriya kwawo kuti anali mmodzi wa anthu anzeru kwambiri kwa zaka za m'ma 19, ntchito zake anaphunzira ku yunivesite.

Mu Russia mu 40s wa 19 chiphunzitso cha Charles Foriya atumwi wapeza mbali ambiri mwa iwo anali Butashevich-Petrashevsky ndi Annenkov. Circle Petrashevists ngakhale anafuna kumanga phalanx mu Russia, koma izi chinalepheretsa amangidwe mutu. Makhalidwe ndi pedagogical maganizo Foriya anali sakulabadira ndi Chernyshevsky.