Cave mzinda okhala mu Crimea: mbiri ndi zithunzi

History of Crimea akugwirizira zinsinsi zambiri ndi zinsinsi. Asayansi akufufuza izo, kupeza umboni yambiri zochitika kale. Cave mzinda okhala - mmodzi wa maofesi a, yomwe ili pa chilumba, amene amachititsa chidwi kwambiri ofufuza.

mzinda uli kuti?

Pamudzi Bakuman ili pafupi ndi mudzi wa miyala, Bakhchisaray m'chigawo cha Crimea. Palinso nyanja Martian imagwira kwenikweni wapadzadziko kukongola.

Cave mzinda okhala: History

Izi chipilala mbiri kumpoto kwenikweni phanga mzinda wa Crimea - pakuti yekha steppe. Tsambali wachita udindo wapadera mu tsoka lake. mzinda linakhazikitsidwa pa mapeto a zaka za m'ma III, zaka mazana VIII-IX walimba mzere chake choyamba cha chitetezo. Ndi nthawi zida, anali gulu limodzi m'mudzi, pa mbali ya kum'mwera lomwe inali nyumba zosiyanasiyana za cholinga zachuma, kuphatikizapo vinyo kupanga zovuta.

M'zaka za m'ma VI, kulinga inamangidwa pamalo ake. chitetezo zinali za midadada yaikulu ya laimu. Mu gawo la kumadzulo kwa citadel pansi pa twente-mita phompho mapanga linaikidwa nkhondoyo. Ena a iwo anali hatches mu zina - masitepe osemedwa m'mwala. Pali kutumikira ndipo flanking slingers moto ndi oponya mivi.

Castle kumbuyo dzenje lakuya. Kubwalo yomanga Pamudzi ndi kuthetsa makoma kumidzi sanali otetezedwa, ndilo khalidwe la machitidwe ang'onoang'ono a nthawi. Dzina la Pamudzi ndi zinenero za Turkic. Mawu "baklak" amatanthauza "madzi chotengera." Tikumbukenso kuti mbali yaikulu ya mzinda - maenje tirigu zooneka mbale ndi khosi yopapatiza.

Cave mzinda okhala (Crimea) kwa nthawi yoyamba anayamba kuphunzira ndodo ya Local Lore Museum a pachilumbachi mu 1929. Mu 1961, ntchito imeneyi anagwirizana asayansi zakale Museum mu Moscow. Mu nthawi pambuyo Soviet phanga mzinda wa Buckley, komanso manda ozungulira anabedwa "archeologists wakuda".

anthu

Anthu a mumzinda wakale anali Sarmatian-Alans ndi Goths, amene ankachita nyama husbandry, ulimi ndi kupanga vinyo. Asayansi kutsimikizira Baibulo ili maenje oposa mazana awiri tirigu kupulumuka.

Ofufuza ena, m'phanga mzinda Bakla nthawi zina ntchito Byzantines - iwo analipira am'deralo chikhristu ndipo anaika ankhondo awo. Ambiri zofukulidwa m'mabwinja asiya kunena kuti pamene mzindawo unali pangozi, anthu anasiya Buckley ndipo anakapeza chitetezo kuseri kwa mpanda wa mzinda wina - Calais, umene uli pafupi.

Cave mzinda okhala, amene chithunzi ife anaika nkhani imeneyi inatenga mpaka cha m'ma XIII. Ndi nthawi iyi nkhondo ya magulu chiguluchi mu chilumba, amene anali wotsogozedwa ndi Nogai Khan. kuwukiridwa uku kunali nkhondo otsiriza ndi wongosamukasamuka zinachititsa m'phanga mzinda anagwa. Pang'ono ndithu Sichinatsitsidwe aphata okhala zaka kuyambira chiyambi cha dziko lapansi. Zinatha zaka zingapo likulu la chikhalidwe ndi maphunziro achipembedzo cha Kale, koma kuyambira m'zaka XIV, anthu kuno Sunakhalepo.

Kufotokozera za kuthetsa

Cave mzinda okhala ndi bwino kuonekera patali - kuchokera m'chigwa pa phazi la kukagawira. Kutuluka pafupi ndi chikweza pa phiri ku mapanga okha, pomwepo mukhoza kuona mabowo ambiri mu zofewa anajambulapo thanthwe. Mu mawonekedwe iwo amafanana wakale Greek pithoi - ziwiya lalikulu kusunga vinyo. Koma izi mwala mbale anali makamaka mbewu.

anapezazo onse ofukula zinthu zakale amanena kuti kwa zaka zambiri ndi akuluakulu dzinthu, makamaka tirigu. Pali lomwe zokolola anali kunja kwa zigawo zambiri kumpoto. Choncho, mzinda okhala ntchito ngati malonda mphambano pakati pa gombe ndi zinyalala.

madzi

Mu mzinda wakale wa mavuto ndi madzi nthawi zonse. Mu moyo wa m'mudzimo amavutika kusunga madzi wapatali unatenga malo kwambiri. Kuti tichite zimenezi, anakhazikitsa zosiyanasiyana zipangizo, lomwe masiku ano miyala.

Mpaka tsopano wakhala pamwamba pa malo okwera gwero panopa, amene nthawi zambiri m'ma youma yotentha. Mapazi pamiyala zimasonyeza kuti kalelo kuti anali olemera, ndipo anali mmodzi wa magwero a madzi kwa anthu a m'deralo. M'madera ena, otchedwa kuonekera herringbone - ndi indentation pa mwala, omwe amalola kusonkhanitsa Madzi a mvula.

nyumba zachipembedzo

Mosakayikira, Buckley anali ndi udindo wa Akristu oyambirira likulu. Izi zikuonekera bwino ndi maziko a nyumba zingapo kachisi. Izi anapereka ofufuza chifukwa chokhulupirira kuti mu zaka za chizunzo cha Chikhristu mu Ufumu wa Byzantine, mbali zambiri za chikhulupiriro ndi pano anathawa kuzunzidwa kumene ulemu anali pang'ono lililonse limatisokoneza. Ikufotokoza pamaso pa mipingo angapo, omwe adamangidwa mu mzinda.

Anthu ena amakhulupirira kuti phanga mzinda Bakla kumufotokozera ntchito ndi Byzantines ngati kumudzi wa Chikhristu, osati ngati ovuta asilikali. Kunja kwa mzinda kumadzulo kwa mzinda munakwanisa kuona zotsalira za mpingo ndi chidwi kwambiri kukula, ndi crypts mu mawonekedwe a quadrangles, amene osemedwa m'mwala. Zikuoneka kuti anali obisika. Mu miyala maselo pafupi semicircular kudula makonde otsika ndi yopapatiza. makomawo chosema niches nyale ndi luminaires.

Palinso grotto pa makoma kuti anyamule kanjedza: mitanda, kanjedza a ofera oyera, zombo silhouettes, nsomba ndi akachisi. Pamwamba zovuta mpingo uwu pali mpingo waung'ono kwambiri unali mu Chigawo cha. Osati kutali, pang'ono pambuyo pake kwa mtsinje ka Cuba, anatulukira mu 1970, a necropolis (V -. IX zaka). Pa yomanga, asayansi anafufuza nyumba zoposa 800, monga ulamuliro, ndi crypts. chilengedwe chonse Akatswiri amanena kuti IV - XI zaka BC. e. M'nyumbayi Bakhchisaray zilipo ndi zinthu zakale zamtengo wapatali. Pali anapereka: Byzantine chibangili ndi lamba chomangira lamba, zokometsera zomanga yolusa unyolo pachifuwa, mitanda, mphete, mbale wa galasi ndi ziwiya zadothi.

Mosiyana Buckley, m'chigwa, anapeza mabwinja a akachisi ena atatu. The wamkulu wa iwo inamangidwa mu VIII - zaka IX. Mu X - zaka XI. padziko lino lapansi panali kachisi mu gawo mtanda. Masiku athu a iye zimasungika zidutswa yekha wa frieze ndi makombo a Chipilala zipata za kalembedwe Byzantine.

Cave mzinda okhala (Crimea): bwanji kuti kumeneko?

Kuyambira Simferopol kumudzi miyala akuthamanga basi yoyenda pakati pa malo a "Western" ndi "Simferopol-Science". Iwo lili pa mtunda wa makilomita khumi. Travel nthawi - pafupi maminiti makumi awiri.

Lero, alendo ambiri amachita chidwi Buckley (Cave City). Momwe pano ndi galimoto, ziziyenda ambiri amachita chidwi. Muyenera kupita msewu "Simferopol-Sevastopol" galimoto kudzam'patsa Cholozera "Science", kumayambiriro pafupi ndi mudzi wa miyala.

Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito sitima za magetsi. Iye akutenga kwa "Keyala" siteshoni ya Simferopol. Choncho, makilomita awiri ndi kuyenda wapansi kwa Novopavlovka, ndi kukwera basi, pafupi ndi malo "sayansi".

Kodi kukhala?

Popeza m'dera wapafupi wa nthumbi mzinda - m'mudzi miyala, siyani bwino apa. Komabe, palibe Map kapena hostels, koma akumeneko wokondwa kuti akapereke kwa inu kubwereka chipinda. Mtengo wa moyo - 500-600 rubles patsiku.

Kupalasa njinga ali pomanga misasa mu Trudolyubovka ndi hotelo "Skif" mu Novopavlovka. Apa mlingo chipinda zimasiyanasiyana 1100 ndi 1800 rubles.