Cathedral ya Immaculate Conception ya Mariya Wolemekezeka Maria: mbiri, mbiri, choyero, maonekedwe

Masiku ano, pamene mipingo ya Orthodox ndi Katolika, mwa atsogoleri awo, idatambasula manja awo kufunafuna njira zothandizira Ambuye pamodzi, chidwi chachikulu chimachokera ku Catholic Cathedral ya Immaculate Conception ya Blessed Virgin Mary ku Moscow, omwe mbiri yake ndi yofanana ndi yotchedwa Orthodox Zaka za Russia.

Mzinda wa Katolika wa Moscow kumapeto kwa zaka za XIX

Mapeto a zaka za m'ma 1900 anali ku Russia nthawi yofulumira kukula kwa chigwirizano. Mofanana ndi bowa, makampani ambiri osungirako katundu, mabanki, komanso makampani ogulitsa mafakitale ndi amalonda adakula. Zonsezi zinapangitsa kuti anthu ambiri ochokera m'mayiko ena, kuphatikizapo ochokera ku mayiko achikatolika, akhale ndi mphamvu zambiri. Iwo anatsegula bizinesi yawo pano ndipo, pang'onopang'ono akutsata zatsopano, adatsalira, komabe, omvera a chikhulupiriro chawo.

Ku Moscow, kale, panali madera awo omwe ankagwira ntchito m'matchalitchi awiri awo, koma pofika kumapeto kwa zaka zana zapitazi zinakula kwambiri moti oimirirawo adaumirizidwa mu 1894 kuti afunse akuluakulu a mzinda kuti aganizire ntchito yomanga tchalitchi chatsopano. Bwanamkubwa wa ku Moscow anapita kukakumana nawo ndikusindikiza chikalata chomwe maziko a tchalitchi cha Immaculate Conception cha Mariya Wodala Mariya anamangidwa.

Kupititsa patsogolo polojekiti

Atavomera kumanga kachisi wa Katolika, bwanamkubwayo adayankha kuti: malo omwe adasankhidwa ayenera kukhala patali kwambiri ndi midzi ndi midzi yake yaikulu ya Orthodox. Anapanganso zoletsa kuwonetsera kunja kwa nyumba yomangayi, kuletsa kumangidwe kwa nsanja ndi kukhazikitsa ziboliboli zakunja. Ngakhale kuti Moscow wakhala akudziwika ndi kulekerera kwachipembedzo, pamutu uwu, mutu wa mzindawo unasonyeza kusamala kwina.

Zomwe analembazo zinaperekedwa kwa katswiri wa zomangamanga F. Bogdanovich-Dvorzhetsky, ndipo pasanapite nthaŵi, ntchito yake, yomwe inachitikitsidwa mu chikhalidwe cha Neo-Gothic, inavomerezedwa. Ngakhale kuti tchalitchi cha Immaculate Conception cha Mary Virgin Mary, malinga ndi cholinga cha wolemba, sichikugwirizana ndi zofunikira kale (kuletsa kumanga nsanja kunaphwanyidwa), bwanamkubwa adavomereza kuti amange.

Kuthetsa mavuto a zomangamanga

M'zaka zimenezo, pa Malaya Gruzinskaya Street mumzindawu munali anthu ambiri omwe ankagwira ntchito pa sitimayo. Chigawo chawo chachipembedzo chinali chochuluka kwambiri, ndipo chinalipo anthu pafupifupi zikwi makumi atatu. Kumeneko kunali malo a tchalitchi cham'tsogolo, ndipo a Polesi, omwe adayambitsa Immaculate Conception a Mariya, adatolera ndalama zambiri zomanga. Ndalama zoperewera zinaperekedwa ndi Akatolika a mayiko ena omwe ankakhala ku Russia.

Ntchito yomanga inapitirira mpaka 1911 ndipo inatsirizidwa mwa kukhazikitsa mpanda wokongoletsera. Ndalama zonse zomwe zinkafunika kubwezera zonse zomwe analipira zinali zoposa mazana atatu za ruble, zomwe panthawiyo zinali zochuluka kwambiri. Komabe, kwa zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi, mpaka mpikisano, kukongoletsa mkati kwa tchalitchi kunapitilizidwa. Inde, izi zinafuna ndalama zina.

Zaka zambiri zakuti kulibe Mulungu

M'zaka zoyambirira pambuyo pa kudzipatulira, tchalitchi chachikulu cha Immaculate Conception cha Mary Virgin Mary chinali ndi tchalitchi cha nthambi ndipo mu 1919 chinasandulika kukhala parishiyo, pambuyo pake ntchitoyo inapitilira kwa zaka makumi awiri zina. Koma misala yaumulungu wamba omwe sakhulupirira kuti Mulungu ndi amene adalanda dzikoli m'zaka zimenezo siidapitanso ku tchalitchi cha Katolika. Kumapeto kwa 1938, adatsekedwa, mudziwo unasungunuka, ndi katundu, omwe adapatsidwa kuti apereke zopereka za zikwi za anthu, anafunkhidwa.

Pazaka za nkhondo, pamene mabomba a adani ndi mazana ambirimbiri adabweretsedwa ku Moscow, tchalitchi choyambirira cha Immaculate Conception cha Blessed Virgin Mary chinawonongeka. Panthawi imodzi ya zowonongeka, adataya nsanja zingapo ndi zozonda, koma, mwatsoka, nyumbayo inayima. Zaka zapitazo nkhondoyi idasamutsidwa kupita ku bungwe lina lafukufuku wa sayansi ku Moscow.

Asanayambe kumanga nyumba yomwe idapatsidwa, oyang'anira bungwe la sayansi anagwira ntchito yomanganso nyumba zawo zamkati, potsirizira pake kuwononga zotsalira za mkatikati mwa tchalitchi. Makamaka, malo onse a tchalitchi chamakedzana adagawanika kukhala zidutswa zinayi. Kusintha kwa maonekedwe kunakhudzanso, kupotoza molakwika kuyanjana kwa mitundu yake yomanga.

Kuyesera kubwereranso ku tchalitchi chachikulu kupita ku gawo la moyo wa uzimu

Kachisi ya Immaculate Conception ya Mariya Wolemekezeka Maria inamangidwa molingana ndi malamulo a acoustics, kotero kuti phokoso labwino la limba ndi choyimba cha tchalitchi lidazindikiritsidwa. Zinali zolakwa zosakhululukidwa kunyalanyaza zochitika zapadera za nyumbayi.

Mu 1976, nthumwi za bungwe la intelligentsia la likulu lidapempha Pulezidenti wa Chikhalidwe ndi ndondomekoyi: Pambuyo pa ntchito yoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito tchalitchichi ngati malo owonetsera nyimbo. Cholinga chawo chinali kuvomerezedwa, ngakhale polojekitiyi inakonzedwa, koma kukhazikitsidwa kwake sikupangidwe konse.

Njira yovuta yobwezeretsa tchalitchichi kupita kwa amtchalitchi

Tchalitchi chachikulu cha Tchalitchi cha Roma Katolika cha Immaculate Conception cha Mariya Wolemekezeka Maria chinapeza moyo watsopano kale pa nthawi ya perestroika, pamene mu 1969 bungwe logwirizana, lomwe linakhazikitsidwa ndi Moscow Poles, linapempha boma la Moscow kuti lilowetse nyumbayo.

Kubweranso kwa tchalitchi kwa okhulupirira, womwe unachitikira mu 1996, kunayambidwa ndi zochitika zakale zowonongeka zokhudzana ndi kuchotsedwa kwa bungwe lomwe linakhazikitsidwa mmenemo. Ngakhale kuti nthawi yatsopanoyi, malingaliro a akuluakulu akuluakulu ambiri adakhalabe mofanana ndi ogontha omwe ali osamva. Izi zinayambitsa kusokoneza kwakukulu.

Komabe, ngakhale tsiku losafuna lisanafike, mu December 1990, bishopu wamakono, ndipo m'zaka zimenezo wansembe wachinsinsi Janusz Wilski adagwira ntchito pa tchalitchi cha Katolika, chomwe chinali panthawi yomwe anthu ankayang'anira. Kuyambira chaka chotsatira, tchalitchichi chinkachitika nthawi zonse, koma chinachitika kunja kwa nyumbayo.

Kupatulira kwa tchalitchi chachikulu chobwezeretsedwa

Pambuyo pokwaniritsa zochitika zonse, zinatenga zaka zitatu kuti apange kachisiyo mawonekedwe ake oyambirira, kuthetsa kusintha komwe kunayambika kwa zaka zambiri. Izi zinakhudza zonse zojambula ndi zochitika mkati, zomwe zinayenera kukonzedwa. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti sizingatheke kukwaniritsa zofanana ndi zomwe zinali kachisi mu chaka choyamba kudzipatulira chifukwa cha zifukwa zambiri. Komabe, poyerekeza zotsatira za ntchito ya akabwezeretsa ndi zojambula za tchalitchi, zomwe zimasungidwa pamodzi ndi zolemba zina zokhudzana ndi polojekiti ya kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1900, ziyenera kuzindikiranso kuti zinatha kubwezeretsa kalembedwe ndikubwezeretsanso nyumbayi ku mzimu wosazizwitsa umene wolembayo anawulemba.

Pa nthawi yopatulira kachisi wamkulu watsopano, nthumwi za Vatican, yomwe idatsogoleredwa ndi Mlembi wa boma, Cardinal Angelo Sodano, anafika ku Moscow.

Zodabwitsa ndi zachilendo kwa mipingo ya Orthodox, mwambowu unachitikira mu tchalitchi ichi mu 2002. Pa tsiku limenelo, mothandizidwa ndi teleconferensi, mapemphero a mgwirizano wa wolamulira wake ndi Papa ndi atsogoleri a mapiri ena a Katolika ku Western Europe anachitidwa.

Chipembedzo cha Cathedral Choir

Kwa nthawi yaitali zakhala zizoloŵezi zokonza nyimbo zauzimu mumzinda wa Moscow wopatulira ku tchuthi zosiyanasiyana za tchalitchi, pomwe choyimba cha Cathedral ya Immaculate Conception chili ndi kupambana kwake. Ntchito yake yogwira ntchito ndi zamatchalitchi inayamba mu 1999 ndi madalitso a Archbishopu Tadeusz Kondrusiewicz.

Masiku ano, makalasi oyimba nyimbo amachitira mlungu uliwonse Lachitatu m'kalasi lapadera kwambiri pansi pa nyumbayo.