Bem Elizaveta: yonena ndi chithunzi

talente wabwino inanyamula kuwala ndi chimwemwe cha akulu ndi ana, anali Elizaveta Merkurevna Bem (1843 - 1914).

Childhood ndi unyamata

Bem Elizaveta anabadwa mu St. Petersburg m'banja ochokera kumayiko akale Chitata banja Endaurovyh amene kugwiritsa msonkhano tsars Russian m'zaka XV. Ndi zaka zisanu ndi zinai ankakhala malo atate wake kuchigawo Yaroslavl. Mpaka mapeto a moyo wake Bem Elizaveta anakonda moyo wakumudzi ndi ana a kumidzi. Iwo anali gwero zonse kudzoza, mu nthawi pamene Elizabeth Merkuryevna anakhala munthu wamkulu. Padakali pano, mtsikana sanalole kupita pensulo ndi kujambula pa chidutswa chirichonse cha pepala imene imagwera pa mkono wake. Bwino analangiza makolo ake kupereka mtsikana kuphunzira luso entrained. makolo, pamene mwana wanga wamkazi ndi zaka 14, kuzindikiridwa ake pa sukulu kulimbikitsa ojambula zithunzi. aphunzitsi ake anali anthu apadera - Chistyakov, Kramskoy, A. Beydman. Bem Elizaveta sukulu ali ndi zaka 21 1864 ndi n'kulandira mendulo ya golidi.

ukwati

Patatha zaka zitatu, Liza Endaurova kukwatira Ludwig Frantsevich Bem. Iye anali zaka zoposa 16, koma wokongola kwambiri eccentricity ake. Zinali woimba-woyimba zeze, amene ndiye chinkhoswe mu chiphunzitso pa St. Petersburg Conservatory. nyumba zawo nthawi zonse nyimbo ankasewera, ndipo osati zeze. Limba analinso chida lapamtima. Banja, amene analowa Bem Elizaveta, anali osangalala. Anabereka ana angapo. Banja anakhala pa Vasilevsky Island, kenako, pamene ana atakula anayamba kukhala mosiyana, mulimonse, kapena wopanda banja lonse pamodzi ndi zidzukulu zawo, sukulu anasonkhana polandira kuchereza alendo kunyumba kwa agogo Elizabeth Merkuryevna, ndipo ukuyenda adawomba Stradivarius zeze kuti kamodzi a Beethoven, ndi amene tsopano masewero Ludwig Frantsevich. Iye anabweretsa izo naye Vienna.

silhouettes

Mu XVII m'ma anayambitsa minibasi odulidwa ndi lumo ku pepala apangidwe kwa silhouettes pepala zithunzi mizere zithunzi mbiri. M'zaka za m'ma XVIII izo zinali mkwiyo. Anthu anakhala madzulo ndi mabanja onse kudula kwambiri kapena zochepa zovuta fano. Izo zikhoza kukhala boti, akuthamanga akavalo kapena maonekedwe a munthu mu zonse kutalika ndi chipewa ndi ndodo. Pakuti ichi ntchito ngati pepala wakuda ndi oyera ndi akuda. Ankakonda, ndipo Hans Mkhristu Andersen. Anali amisiri mu phunziro lino chamtengo mwaluso anali lumo. Mu XIX m'ma pa mlingo wa luso mkulu iye anakwezera Bem Elizaveta. Kuyambira 1875 anayamba kupanga silhouette fano mu njira ya lithography. Pa inki wapadera wopukutidwa mwala pamwamba umagwiritsidwa ntchito chitsanzo mosamala kukopedwa ndi mfundo zabwino (tsitsi lopotana ana, nthenga za mbalame kruzhevtsa pa madiresi chidole, udzu wochenjera, pamakhala wa maluwa), ndiye unazokotedwa izo zidulo, chifukwa pambuyo ntchito utoto ndi kusindikiza zinachitika yaing'ono n'zosadabwitsa . Choncho njira zovuta kuti Elizaveta Bem silhouettes. Tsopano iwo akhoza mobwerezabwereza kusindikizidwa kwa makope lonse mabuku. Choyamba anabwera "Silhouettes" makadi. Iye anamasula Album "Silhouettes wa ana" mu zaka ziwiri. No Albums osachepera asanu zinatuluka pambuyo. Iwo anagwiritsa ntchito kutchuka misala. Iwo lofalitsidwa osati Russia, komanso kunja, makamaka Paris. mafani ake anali Leo Tolstoy ndi Ilya Repin.

mafanizo

Bem Elizaveta ikusonyezera ana magazini "igrushechki" ndi Malyutochka kuyambira 1882 ". Kenako - nthano "The mpiru" nthano Krylov ndi "Mfundo za Hunter" ndi Ivan Turgenev, Chekhov, Nekrasov, Nikolai Leskov. Ndipo paliponse zinafika bwino. Mokhwima wotsutsa V. V. Stasov ananena mosangalala za ntchito yake. silhouettes iye ankayimira lonse la Europe. Mmodzi mwa kufalitsidwa mu Berlin, Paris, London, Vienna ndipo ngakhale kunja. Ngakhale pamene wofooka maso (1896) ndi wojambula itachoka silhouette njira, mulimonse, zimachitikadi nawo zisudzo lonse, kulandira mendulo. Choncho, mu 1906 chithunzicho anali kupereka n'kulandira mendulo ya golidi pa Milan.

ABC

Mu nthawi yathu, sikunali kotheka kudziwa chimodzimodzi pamene Baibulo loyambirira la "ABC". Kwenikweni, zimenezi zinachitikira pafupi kutha kwa 80s. Izi zochititsa chidwi nakokera mwana, kum'pangitsa kuyang'ana mu zithunzi ndi zokongola, imodzi kuloweza makalata. Pakuti chilembo "Buki" Maina, utoto mawonekedwe a serpenti, amene anamugwira mchira wake. chithunzi amasonyeza mnyamata wa m'banja lachifumu. Ndinali ndimasewera malemba, omwe anali limodzi ndi zithunzi zokongola uliwonse page. Makalata anachita mu kalembedwe Maina awo, amene anapanga kakang'ono unatengera wachikuda lettering XIV - XVI zaka. Mwachitsanzo, kalata mneni. Izo zikusonyeza yaing'ono zeze player, amene anakhala pa benchi m'nyumba ndi kunena mawu. Ndi chikondi kwa ophunzira wina wachisungwana adapanga Zojambula za Elizaveta Bem. "ABC" monga amakopeka salola makolo aliyense amene amaphunzitsa ana awo kapena mwana amene amayang'anitsitsa chithunzi chilichonse chimene makolo ndi kuwerenga kwa iye. Izi "ABC" tinalisindikizanso mu mawonekedwe a Mabaibulo mphatso, ndi XXI atumwi ndi nsalu chikopa chimakwirira ndi clasps zamkuwa. Ndipo cha m'ma XX makalata tinalisindikizanso ku New York.

Makadi a Maholide

Izi ndi mzere wapadera mu ntchito yake. zilembo Open, amene adatunga Elizaveta Bem, chithunzicho anatha kukonza bwino kuti wosaiwalika. Zinali makadi holide, zomwe anthu anatumizidwa Khirisimasi kapena Isitala. Mau anachita chithunzicho yekha, kusonyeza luso lalikulu. malemba m'gulu zinthu za nyimbo Isitala, komanso zilembedwe za olemba a chi Russian, ndi wojambula lapamtima, miyambi, ndi mawu. Makadi anaonekera mu 1900s oyambirira. Elizaveta Bem poyamba mogwirizana ndi dera yosindikiza kulankhulana. Eugenia, ndipo kenako - mu St. Petersburg ndi olimba Richard ndi NDI Lapin ku Paris. zilembo Open anatuluka mu Mabaibulo lalikulu mfundo za nthawi - magazini mazana atatu. Zingatanthauze kuti pali wokongola ana ndi utoto mazira ndi kumoto msondodzi. Koma mnyamata wamng'ono ndi msungwana wamng'ono ndi bwino kuti wanzeru uyu mtundu chithunzi amalankhula mtima kwambiri.

Mapositi kadi tsiku

Iwo ankakonda ogula chifukwa iwo Buku lachidule kuchokera moyo Russian, wodzala ndi ndakatulo, ubwenzi ndi chikondi. Iwo anachita chithunzicho siginecha. Ndipo zilembo zazikulu za makadi ake anali m'mudzi ana, amene Elizabeth Merkuryevna anawona chilimwe chilichonse pamene anadza ku malo pafupi Yaroslavl. Amene Mwachitsanzo, kukangana, kalata lotseguka anafuna, amene amatchedwa kuti okwiya ndi musakhale surly, ndi kukhazikitsa mtendere. Apa ana zovala nthawi, imene anasonkhana. wojambula anali ndi chopereka chachikulu cha zinthu zaluso kukongoletsa ndi ntchito. Choncho, kusadalirika kwa iye adzanyazitsa zosatheka. Ngakhale chotero "asatipusitsenso" monga khadi amakhala mogometsa, ozikidwa pa choonadi. Wokoma otkrytochku olembedwa kuti "mtima ayankhe akuyembekezera." Izi makadi ndi miyambo ya chikhalidwe dziko ndi zinthu folklore m'gulu.

kupanga zakudya

Galasi mwangozi ndi mankhwala ake, kupita kwa mchimwene wake Alexander pa mbewu kwa kupanga Krustalo, ndipo izi luso chipangizo chidwi Elizabeth Merkuryevna, ndipo, monga nthawi yonse, anabwera kupambana kwake. Choyamba, kuyang'ana pa zaka, chikhalidwe Bratina, zipanda, makapu, ndowa, iye anayamba kupanga. Ndiye kale anapita pachithunzipa. Ndipo iyi inali ntchito chikugwirizana ndi utsi poizoni fluoride. Ndi etching galasi wojambula ankavala chigoba. Ndipo pomwepo chaka chomwecho, iye anayamba kugwira zokongoletsa galasi, pa chionetsero mu Chicago, iye analandira n'kulandira mendulo ya golidi.

Mu 1896 zinachitika tsiku la makumi awiri a kulenga ntchito Elizavety Merkurevny. ophunzira onse tidamuyankha. Zabwino zonse anabwera kuchokera Lva Tolstogo, Ivan Aivazovsky, Repin, Stasov, Somov, I. Zabelin, A. Maikov.

Mu 1904, Elizabeth Merkuryevna anakhala mkazi wamasiye, koma sanathe kukhala popanda zilandiridwenso. Ndipo mu 1914, madzulo a nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse, anamwalira. Mu Soviet Union, ntchito yake osati eni, iwo anayesa kuiwala. Osati kupha luso woona, amene analenga Elizaveta Bem. Wambiri izo zachitika mosangalala. Ntchito zake ndi moyo kusangalatsa admirers ndipo panopa pamene wakhala zaka zana pambuyo pa imfa yake.