Bank nkhokwe ndi mapangidwe awo. nkhokwe kuvomerezedwa banki ndi mlingo wa

Mkubwela kwa Bank ku Central ndi chitukuko cha nkhokwe zachuma lamulo mabanki malonda zakhazikitsidwa pa mlingo boma komanso mabungwe ngongole. Chifukwa awo olamulidwa ndi kuchuluka lolingana zatsalira (m'malo) nkhani kapena zinthu asilikali awo. Tiyeni tione zina zomwe zingachititse nkhokwe banki kuvomerezedwa.

mwachidule

Bank nkhokwe kuonetsetsa kupezeka kwa ndalama kuphedwa yosalala pankhani ya malipiro zokhudza alipire wa madipoziti munthu ndi midzi ndi mabungwe ena azachuma. M'mawu ena, iwo amachita chitsimikizo. MAKONZEDWE ziyenera kusungidwa mu mawonekedwe a ndalama ndalama ngati madipoziti ku Bank ku Central kapena mu mawonekedwe a sheya kukapempha ngongole.

zofunika

Masiku ano, pafupifupi m'mayiko onse ndi chuma msika analowa nkhokwe zinafunika ya gombe. Mphamvu ya chida ichi ndalama ngongole lamulo anatsimikizira kafukufuku lofunika, ndi zochitika padziko lonse. Mu Russia, amafuna osachepera zinthu monga gwero la alipire udindo ndalamawo ndi depositors ngati achire wa Chiphatso wa bungwe kugwira ntchito. Zochita kubwerera njira kupanga nkhokwe banki chapakati bwino malamulo. Osachepera zofunika ali makamaka ntchito mu chimango cha lamulo chuma ndi ngongole kuthetsa mavuto yaitali ziziyenda kufalitsa ndalama ndi polimbana kufufuma. chida ichi amachita ngati mlingo limiter kukula okwanira ndalama ndi kasamalidwe kufunika mu nkhokwe mabanki. cholinga chake umene mwa lamulo №342. Malinga ndi tanthauzo mu macitiro enewa, kugwiritsa ntchito chida ichi chimathandiza lamulo ambiri liquidity banki RF dongosolo. Control misa ndalama ikuchitika ndi kucheperachepera ndalama multiplier.

cholinga chachikulu

Zochita ntchito za mabungwe ndalama zonse chiopsezo zomvetsa posakonzekera. Palibe bungwe ndi chitetezo pakati pawo ndi 100%. Pa nkhani imeneyi, pa ntchito ndi pa kayendetsedwe ka ngozi iliyonse bungwe chuma ayenera kuonetsetsa mapangidwe nkhokwe kubanki. Kuonetsetsa kudalirika bungwe lawo ayenera kulenga ndalama osiyana, ndalama zake zidzakhala ntchito kuphimba imfa mwina. Kayendesedwe, chimene mapangidwe ikuchitika ndi ntchito wotsatira nthawi zambiri ndi malamulo ndi CB. Mtengo wa amachotsera kwa phindu pamaso misonkho ndi malamulo misonkho. The osachepera kuchuluka nkhokwe anakhazikitsa mabanki Bank wa Central. Monga mmene mitala, anagwiritsa ntchito "malo," ndi oyenerera ngati pali cholinga kufunika kuchepetsa ntchito yobweretsa ndalama kupezeka (kuti suspend kapena kulamulira kukula) pofuna kupewa "kutenthedwa" a chuma, ngati kuti cholinga kugwiritsa ntchito zochepa kukongoza mphamvu mabungwe chuma achire kwa iwo kuchuluka ena a zinakhalira njira (kapena kuonjezera gawo lino). Kuchokera pamenepa, ndizoonekeratu kuti Bank of Russia nkhokwe - zikutanthauza mabungwe a zachuma kudziunjikira monga madipoziti anthu, limene Tisawasale ntchito iliyonse.

Gawo

Nkhokwe ya Banks, ambiri, cholinga chimodzi - zoperewerazo ndalama mwina ndi zomvetsa ngati n'koyenera. Komabe, iwo anawagawa mitundu. Choncho, kusunga malamulo ndi chida chimene amasintha liquidity wonse wa dongosolo. Izo ntchito ndi Bank ku Central kuonetsetsa kuti imalamulira ndi kuchepetsa ndalama zambiri ku mabanki malonda. limagwirira izi zimasokoneza kukongoza mphamvu makampani ndalama ndi kupitiriza enaake ndalama okwanira mu makope. Pakati pake penipeni, nkhokwe kuvomerezedwa - izi zikutanthauza kuti mabanki malonda azisunga ndi Bank wa Central. Iwo amachita thumba la ndalama chitsimikizo, amene amaonetsetsa kudalirika mu ntchito ya wosamalira makasitomala awo. Chotero nkhokwe mabanki si kwambiri zofuna za gulu. Iwo akutumikira monga chida cha mfundo za boma ndalama. Kukhala kwambiri madzi, katundu izi sangathe ntchito ndi mabungwe ena azachuma mokwanira ndi maonekedwe a panthawi zovuta. Mwachitsanzo, ngati chikhazikitso cha wayamba ndi outflow wa ndalama depositors, malo a zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwa ponseponse anakhazikitsa.

Foundation

Izo zikufotokozedwa monga mbali ya chilungamo popangidwa ndi amachotsera pachaka ku phindu. malo thumba chofunika kuphimba zomvetsa mu ndondomeko ya bungwe ndalama. Analenganso kuonjezera gawo likulu. The azimayi normative anatsimikiza ndi msonkhano onse a ma sheya hoda. Mtengo akhoza kukhala mwina mwa kuchuluka inayake likulu ovomerezeka. ogwira Financial ali ndi ufulu kuonetsetsa ndalama mu Fund malo okha pamene pali phindu. anamalizidwa Choncho ikuchitika ndi kuwonjezeka mu kakatundu ukonde. The thumba amasonkhana ndalama analandira mwa bungwe ndalama njira wamba a bizinesi. Pogwira kulanda phindu kwa thumba, banki gulu amapereka ntchito chiwerengero cha chuma chake yekha malangizo ena. Waukulu wa iwo mutuluka imfa ❖ kuyanika.

Bank nkhokwe zomvetsa Nkosatheka ngongole

chilengedwe chonse chifukwa cha ngongole chiopsezo amene angakhalepo mu njira yachibadwa ya malonda. Zinthu zimenezi n'zotheka kuteteza fluctuation phindu pamene kusayembekeza zomvetsa pa ngongole. Choncho pali zimakhudza kuchuluka kwa likulu. Mapangidwe nkhokwe ngati amachokera zopereka, amene expensed aliyense ngongole. Ndalama zimenezi zimagwira ntchito kokha kwa zofunda bwino kwambiri a udindo yaikulu. Chifukwa malo amenewa anapangidwa utalembedwa-offs zomvetsa ngongole, n'zosatheka kuchira. Ngati osakwanira ndalama sonyezani anazindikira zenizeni kapena zoipa, ali m'gulu nthawi imfa. Izi amachepetsa m'munsi msonkho wa bungwe ndalama.

Zikutanthauza kuti kuwonongeka kwa masheya

Pamwezi pa tsiku lomaliza ntchito wopereka revaluation la ndalama ku magawo pa mtengo msika. Pansi yotsirizira ayenera kumvetsa zolemeletsedwa pafupifupi mtengo wa chitetezo wina kwa wotuluka zimene zinachitika pa tsiku lotsiriza pa katundu kuwombola kapena kudzera mwa yobetcherana kulinganiza. Nthawi zina, monga msika kungakhale phindu lenileni la sheya kugula pa tsiku ntchito otsiriza, yafupika ndi theka. Ngati ndi pansipa mitengo buku, kosamalira chuma ayenera kukhazikitsa malo kwa kuwonongeka. kukula kwake ayenera kukhala oposa 50% ya mtengo anati. Mapangidwe ikuchitika tsiku ntchito lomaliza la mweziwo, umene anagula sheya. Kulipira ake ikuchitika imodzi ndi pantchito ya magawo. deta Provisioning monga tatchulazi, izo ikuchitika payokha aliyense chitetezo, kaya zichuluke kapena kukhala phindu okwana.

Kulunjika pa malo kwa kuwonongeka

Pamene izo zimakhala zofunika ndalama kudziŵerengera kopambanitsa provisioning. Komabe, buku phindu la magawo amakhalabe sichinasinthe. Pa nkhani imeneyi, ndalama, kani, si kuonedwa kuti malo monga kuchita zinthu monga kusintha kwa mtengo gawo chifukwa nkhaniyo. Kumapeto kwa malipoti mwezi, kosamalira ngongole ayenera tionenso nkhokwe kale analengedwera kuwonongeka kwa ndalama zochokera mtengo msika ndi kuchuluka kwa masheya.

mitundu ina

Kuwonjezera izi, pali nkhokwe zina banki. Iwo m'magulu gulu zomvetsa zotheka pa zinthu zina zofunika. Zikuphatikizapo, makamaka, monga zakudya;

• Pansi katundu bwino pepala ndi chiopsezo zomvetsa.
• Kwa zida opezeka pa nkhani bwino ndalama.
• Forward wotuluka.
• Pansi zomvetsa ena.

Gawo zomvetsa

Zochokera bungwe chuma chimene chimapangitsa kuti pakhale nkhokwe, iwo anazindikira kuopsa Wonenedwa mu nyengo akubwera, kugwirizana ndi zosayembekezereka wa zinthu zotsatirazi:

1. Kuwonjezeka ndalama kapena ngongole poyerekeza ndi kale lipoti ku mlandu.
2. Kuchepetsa mtengo wa katundu ngongole.
3. Kulephera kukwaniritsa udindo wa kugwiridwa ndi kutenga ndalama bungwe anachita wotuluka (amachita), kapena kulephera kutsatira malonjezo a nkhani, alipire moyenera ngongole yomwe amaperekedwa ndi a banki gulu kutumikira.

Ku nkhokwe banki pamwamba zothandiza kwambiri yekha thumba. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti likuvutika njira yake, bungwe ndalama angathe kulamulira ndalama zawo. Onse nkhokwe zina banki ndi suona opindula. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti kuwonjezeka kukula sikungakuthandizeni kulimbikitsa luso bungwe la kupirira mavuto uka.

Gold ndi ndalama zakunja nkhokwe ya gombe

Iwo chuma ndalama kuti yodziwika ndi liquidity mkulu. nkhokwe kuwombola okhonda ali imayendetsedwa ndi Bank ku Central ndi Unduna wa Zachuma. Kapangidwe lawo kumaphatikizapo:

1. Monetary golide.
2. Spetsprava ngongole.
3. Reserve malo mu VF World.
4. ndalama zakunja.

Mtengo wa malo amenewa zikusonyezedwa tsiku bwino pepala, zochokera dollar US.

kusankhidwa

nkhokwe mayiko kutumikira monga malo ndalama, imene malipiro mukhoza kupanga kapena ikuchitika ngongole anthu bajeti ndalama ngati ndi kotheka. pamaso pawo, kuwonjezera, akulola banki chapakati ulamuliro pa mphamvu ya ruble kusinthitsa ndalama atalowererapo m'misika kuwombola. Kukula kwa malo ayenera kwakukulukulu kuphimba voliyumu ya misa ndalama mu makope, kupereka malipiro awiri ndi wamphamvu pa ngongole kunja ndi chitsimikizo 3-mwezi imports. Ngati ife kufika ukulu wa nkhokwe mayiko a Bank ku Central amatha kudziletsa bwino kayendedwe ka kuwombola mlingo ruble ndi chiwongola dzanja.