Asilikali Ushakov mbiri. Russian panyanja mtsogoleri, asilikali Fodor Fodorovich Ushakov

Mu mbiri ya asilikali athu ndi bulu zokwanira umunthu otchuka. Awa ndi anthu amene ali ndi mphamvu pa chitukuko osati makampani usilikali, koma statehood dziko wonse. Mmodzi mwa iwo anali asilikali Ushakov. The yonena za munthu ameneyu, onani nkhani imeneyi.

kutchuka kwake amalankhula osachepera chakuti mu yapamadzi ya Russian Ufumu Soviet Union nazo zombo zingapo dzina lake. Makamaka, ngakhale cruiser mmodzi wa Soviet apanyanja. Popeza 1944, pali dongosolo ndi mendulo Ushakov. Iwo chikutchedwa angapo maofesi a mu Arctic.

moyo woyambirira

Fyodor Ushakov anabadwa, wa asilikali m'tsogolo, m'mudzi ting'onoting'ono Burnakovo, anataya m'chigawo chachikulu Moscow, mu February 1745. Iye anachokera ku banja mwininyumba, koma osati chuma. N'zosadabwitsa kuti anayenera kupita ku sukulu oyambirira kuti si kukakamiza makolo ndalama pa wokhutira. Mu 1766, iye anaphunzira pa Cadet Corps, kulandira udindo wa kapitawo chilolezo. ntchito yake panyanja anayamba nyanja ya Baltic. Ushakov yomweyo anatsimikizira waluso mkulu ndi munthu wopanda mantha.

Chiyambi cha utumiki, kupambana loyamba

Kale mu zaka 1768-1774, pa nkhondo yoyamba ndi Turkey, Ushakov zolimbitsa lamulo ndi angapo Nkhondo. Iye nawo chitetezo amunamuna a Crimea gombe.

Mu Baltic Fyodor Ushakov analamula frigate "St. Paul", ndipo kenako komanso anasintha nyanja ya Mediterranean. Iye anagwira ntchito yofunika kunyamula matabwa pa St. Petersburg doko la zombo zapanyanja. Mu 1780, iye yoikidwiratu mkulu wa yatchi lachifumu, koma asilikali tsogolo akukana izi positi wotopetsa ndipo akupempha kutengerapo kumbuyo kwa mzere warship. Ndiye Ushakov analandira udindo wa mkulu yachiwiri udindo.

Kuyambira 1780 mpaka 1782 analamula ankadikira "Victor". Nthawi imeneyi, Ushakov zonse m'misewu: iye ndi gulu lake kuteteza zamalonda ku privateers Chingerezi, amene ndithu unbelted pa nthawi.

Ntchito pa chilengedwe cha Black Sea zombo

chilungamitso chimodzi imadziwika asilikali Ushakov. yonena wake umaphatikizapo mfundo yakuti munthu uyu anali mmodzi wa omwe adayambitsa onse Black Sea zombo. Kuyambira 1783 iye ankachita nawo pomanga Sevastopol m'munsi pa zombo, ineyo kuyang'anira maphunziro a anthu okonza watsopano pa ngalawa. Ndi 1874, Ushakov anakhala kazembe wa udindo woyamba. Kenako amalandira Order wa St. Vladimir digiri 4-TH nkhondo yake yolimbana ndi mliri mliri mu Kherson. Kenako anapatsidwa lamulo la ngalawa "St. Paul" ndipo anapatsidwa udindo wa mkulu brigadier.

Nkhondo ndi Turkey

Pa nkhondo wina ndi Turkey, kuchokera 1787 mpaka 1791, anatcha dzina lake Ushakov kumumanga kupambana kwambiri ulemerero wa zombo Russian. Choncho, nkhondo nyanja pafupi Fidonisi Islands (tsopano wotchedwa Njoka), umene unachitika July 3, 1788, asilikali Fedor Fedorovich Ushakov panokha kuyang'anira vanguard wa frigates anayi. The Turkey zombo pa nthawi munali zombo 49 chabe, analamula Eski-Hassan.

Ife tikungodziwa anali 36 zombo ndi zapamadzi ziwiya - kasanu zochepa. Iwo Ushakov, mwaluso akuyendetsa, ndipo popanda Turkey njira, anakwanitsa kulimbana ndi awiri a zombo zawo zabwino kwa mzere, kujambula moto mfuti zawo kuthawa. maola atatu inatenga nkhondo imeneyi, yomwe zinachititsa lonse Turkey zombo anasankha kupuma. Nkhondo imeneyi tsogolo asilikali Ushakov (mbiri yake anafotokoza m'nkhani) anapatsidwa kwa Cavaliers wa St. George.

anamanganso latsopano

The zaka ziwiri pa nkhondo panyanja si anapereka. Komabe, 1790, pansi pa kayendetsedwe ka Ushakov kupatsira lonse Black Sea zombo. Mkulu yogwira yomweyo anayamba kuphunzitsa anthu oyendetsa ntchito zida zikuluzikulu mzere. Pasanapite nthawi, ndinapeza mwayi onani ntchito: kuchokera Sinope squadron kumbuyo asilikali Ushakov mabomba pafupifupi makumi atatu zombo za adani. Poyankha, lonse Turkey squadron analowa kunkhondo. Poyembekezera zimenezi, gulu pasadakhale luso anatsogolera zombo wake n'kuuika kuzikika pafupi Kerch Khwalala kuti ndigwire yojambula zombo Turkey kwa Crimea ndi kuteteza ikamatera mdani kumenya. Choncho anayamba Kerch panyanja nkhondo. Kenako, analowa pafupifupi onse mabuku pa nkhondo panyanja, monga njira ntchito pamenepo asilikali, anali kwa nthawi kwenikweni hemayo.

nkhondo latsopano

Komabe, posakhalitsa Ushakov Fedor Fedorovich (amene yonena lili nkhani zimenezi) anaganiza kuti akakomane squadron Turkey. mayesero yasonyeza yosalephera kwa Turkey: kuyembekezera mphepo yabwino, iwo anaganiza kuulukira Lowani pa zombo Russian ndi kuuononga.

Komabe, dongosolo awo Ushakov zinali zosachita kufunsa, koma chifukwa yake anapatsidwa lamulo kumanganso ndi mfundo za Nkhondo zochepa molondola kuphimba avant-garde. Pamene wotsiriza wa Turkey womangidwa nkhondo, zombo zina Russian anafika. Ndi atatu koloko madzulo mphepo anayamba mtima zombo wathu. Awiri squadrons zapamadzi anayamba converge msanga, ndipo posakhalitsa zida zankhondo awo limodzi ndi duel mantha.

gunners Russian anasonyeza nkhondoyi zabwino basi. Posakhalitsa, ambiri a ngalawa Turkey chifukwa zimagalimoto chiwonongeko sanathe nawo nkhondo. A pang'ono, ndi Russian anayamba kukondwerera kupambana zonse ndi chopanda malire. Turkey anakwanitsa kuthawa okha ndi ntchito bwino zombo ake yaying'ono nimble. Kotero nkhani ya Black Sea zombo kudzadza ndi chigonjetso lina laulemerero.

Akatswiri ambiri amanena kuti nkhondo imeneyi, mdani sanataye chombo umodzi kumizidwa, koma boma la zombo Turkey kunali kuti iye anali woti amenyane ndendende sakanakhoza m'miyezi ikubwerayi. Komanso, anthu oyendetsa awo avutika zomvetsa yaikulu anthu oti, ndipo ankafika asilikali anali kwambiri likusokonekera. Mu Russian yekha anapha anthu 29. Ndi ulemu kupambana mu 1915, mmodzi wa Nkhondo ya zombo anapatsidwa dzina "Kerch".

Nkhondo pafupi Tendra

M'chaka mochedwa 1790 chinali chapadera kwambiri NKHONDO YA TENDRA kumene squadron Ushakova mwadzidzidzi amapunthwa pa Turkey, amene momasuka kugona pa nangula. Asilikali ananyalanyaza miyambo yonse ya zombo za, analamula kuukira kusuntha, popanda rebuilds yaitali. Kudalira kupambana anali chifukwa cholephera pamaso pa zomwe wakhala malo chikhalidwe frigates anayi.

Turkey squadron analamula Kapudan Pasha Hussein. Iye anali odziwa za panyanja mkulu, koma ngakhale anakakamizika abwerere pambuyo maola angapo nkhondowo kwambiri. The flagship wa Russian zombo "Khirisimasi" molamulidwa ndi Ushakov anatsogolera nkhondo munthawi yomweyo ndi zombo za adani atatu. Pamene Turkey Athamangira kuthawa, zombo Russian anawathamangitsa akubwerabe mpaka usiku, ndiyeno kuzikika.

Tsiku lotsatira nkhondo adapitiriza mwakhama. A maola ochepa a nkhondo inatha mu chigonjetso lathunthu zombo wathu. Pakuti ichi wa asilikali anapatsa Order wa digirii St. George 2 na-, ndi mazana asanu serfs, anawatumiza m'chigawo Mogilev. Pambuyo pake, Ushakov Fedor Fedorovich Mwachidule, wakhala "zonse blooded" mwinimunda nzika. Komabe, pa zigawo zawo, pafupi ndisanafikeko, nthawi zonse kukhala wotanganidwa zombo.

Nkhondo ya Kaliakra kupambana latsopano

Pa dziko, Turkey wavutika choipa okhazikika. Sultan Pasha anaganiza kumumenya, kubwezera pa nyanja. Zombo Zankhondo anasonkhana mu ufumu wonse, ndipo posakhalitsa pafupi Istanbul anali amazipanga wamphamvu zombo. Iye anali mu kuchuluka kwa zombo 78 posachedwa inagona pafupi Cape Kaliakra. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo anayamba holide Muslim a Eid al-Adha, ena mwa anthu okonza anali kumasulidwa ku gombe.

Komabe, boma la Russia mu nthawi iyi ya chiyambi cha nkhani ndi mdani chofooka, kotero kuti Turkey anali chabe wokondwa. Koma mkulu wa asilikali samadziwa kuti Ushakov (yonena wake motero kudzadza nkhondo wina) atapeza zombo Turkey. Malinga ndi chizolowezi chake akale, nthawi yomweyo inalamula kuti amangenso mu malo stowed, imodzi kuwombera pa zombo mdani kwa mfuti onse.

Turkey anayesa kubwereza kuzemba pansi moto pamene kujambula anaukira. Choncho anayamba Nkhondo ya Cape Kaliakra. Tanena kale ndi flagship wa Russian zombo "Khirisimasi" kupita kuukira adani. Patangopita zombo mdani anali omwazika, ndipo mu 1791 potsiriza zinasaina pangano mtendere.

The ntchito positi-nkhondo

Nkhondo itatha, asilikali anagwiritsa ntchito nthawi yake yonse ndi mphamvu kukonzekera ndi chitukuko ya Black Sea zombo. Mu 1793 iye analimbikitsa kuti wotsatila asilikali. Nthawi imeneyi, Ushakov Fedor Fedorovich, amene yonena ndi zonse zochitika zofunika, kale mbiri yaikulu mu yapamadzi, iye ankalemekeza ngakhale adani.

Ndipo zitachitika kukhota chidwi wa mbiri, Russia mu mgwirizano yolimbana ndi French amakhala angakuthandizeni la Turkey, amene Ushakov kumenyana zaka zingapo zapitazo. Pa maulendowa Mediterranean wa 1798-1800 ulendo asilikali a ku Istanbul, kumene squadron wake anagwirizana zombo Kadir Bey. Inali ntchito yovuta: kumasula ambiri mwa zilumba (kuphatikizapo Corfu ndi Greek), ndipo adzatuluka kuti agwirizane ndi British molamulidwa ndi Nelson.

kutenga Corfu

Pafupifupi mipherezero zonse anakonza anagwidwa kuthawa koma Corfu anali wamphamvu linga ayi, koma chifukwa choyamba Ushakov analamula kuti akamgwire Iye mu anatseka misewu nyanja. Oyenda mu squadron United sikunali kokwanira, kotero ndikuganiza za kuukira anali msanga. Patapita zokambirana yaitali ndi kulimbikira mbali Turkey potsiriza anatumiza 4.5 zikwi Asilikali ndi wina 2000 anali ankhondo m'deralo. Zinali kupanga dongosolo kutenga chinthu.

paratroopers Russian, pansi moto kuchokera linga inatera, mwamsanga anayamba kumanga mabatire awiri zida zankhondo. The ena oyenda atalamulidwa kuukira mtima kusintha kwa zinthu French. Pa nthawi yomweyo anayamba kukathyola chilumba Vido, amene asilikali anagonja msanga.

Naval zida zankhondo bwinobwino anakana batire French, ndiye kuukira anayamba. Mwamsanga analanda mbali ya khoma, ndiyeno asilikali anazindikira kuti kukana china chilichonse chabwino sadzatero. M'chombocho asilikali a "St. Paulo anali" anayambitsa zokambirana pa kugonja.

ntchito nthumwi

Pa ntchito imeneyi Ushakov analimbikitsidwa kuti asilikali zonse. Ngakhale Turkey kuperekedwa kwa adani ambiri amene poyamba mphatso wake wapatali, kuzindikira luntha lake lankhondo. Zotsatirazi zochitika izi, squadron Russian mwachangu anathandiza magulu pansi Suvorov, amene panthawiyo ankagwira ku Northern Italy. Mwakhama akuchita mu Mediterranean, Russian asilikali kwathunthu womangidwa zamalonda za mdani, imodzi kutsekereza madoko a Genoa ndi Ancona. Tikufika chombo wake mwangwiro adadziwa pa kumenya ndi kutulutsidwa kwa asilikali French ku Naples ndi Rome.

Panthawi imeneyi, woyendetsa akale anadabwa aliyense ndi talente wochenjera ndipo mwaluso nthumwi wake amene anali kuzimitsa mavuto muzu ndi kukambirana ndi adani. Zinali iye amene anathandizira mapangidwe a Republic of Islands Zisanu ku Greece, pamodzi ndi oimira ena analenga Greek Senate. Kukhazikitsa malamulo atsopano anasangalala ndi pafupifupi onse pa chilumbachi. Izi zaluso anapanga wotchuka ndi Ushakov m'madera awo, koma anachititsa kusakhutira kwambiri a Alexander I.

akapuma

miyezi onse asanu kuti asilikali anaika Ionian Islands akukhala chigonjetso. Am'deralo ankachitira panyanja mkulu monga mpulumutsi wawo ku ntchito French. The dziko squadron anabwerera September 26, 1800, nakocheza pa Sevastopol. Mfumu sanakhutire kwambiri ndi maganizo Republican wa Ushakov, koma chinachake sakanakhoza kuchita naye, chifukwa choopa zimene ankhondo ndi asilikali. Mu 1802, izo atachotsedwa madera kwenikweni zofunika, anamuika mutu wa kupalasa zombo panyanja Baltic ndi m'misasa kukonzekera Oyendetsa.

Komabe, Ushakov ndipo iye anali okondwa ndi ichi: zaka zambiri maulendo sanali kulimbikitsa thanzi lawo, koma chifukwa kale mu 1807 iye chimakagona. Pa French kuukira mu 1812, iye anatsogolera Tambov asilikali, koma chifukwa osauka thupi bwino kukhala patokha nkhondo sachita. Anafa laulemerero asilikali mu 1817, anali mwakachetechete m'manda mu obisika Sanaskarskom.

Zosangalatsa za moyo

Mu mbiri ya amalinyero Ushakov padziko lonse anabwera osati kokha ngati chosaneneka ndi aliyense mu kugoletsa asilikali, komanso ngati wolemba za mtundu machenjerero latsopano ngalawa nkhondo. Amamvetsera kwambiri kuphunzitsa anthu oyendetsa aliyense chombo cha squadron wake, amene kanamusiyanitsa ndi atsogoleri a zaka. Asilikali ankakonda atumiki: iye anali amphamvu ndi wovuta, koma osati ankhanza.

Kodi wina kudziwika Ushakov ndi? Zosangalatsa za iye odabwitsa: pamene USSR malamulo ndi mendulo mu dzina lake unakhazikitsidwa, zinadziwika ... kuti palibe wina adziwa kuyang'ana kwambiri panyanja mtsogoleri zenizeni. Only chithunzi cha pachibwenzi 1912, pamene zaka asilikali mazana monga izo sizinali moyo. Vutolo anapereka wotchuka KATSWIRI Gerasimov: asilikali crypt linatsegulidwa (ndipo kunapezeka kuti ena vandals kale anatha kukaba katundu onse ndi lupanga golide), ndi chigaza wasayansi anatenga miyezo limene kukhazikitsanso chithunzi lisanalengedwe. Izi zinachitika mu 1944.

Koma si onse. Mu nthawi yathu, munthu wolemekezekayu anali canonized ndi tchalitchi cha Orthodox. Tsopano woyera asilikali Ushakov amateteza apaulendo onse ndi iwo amene ati basi ayambe ulendo wautali.

Ndipo mmodzi kwambiri mfundo. Mu Sanaksar ansembe yotchedwa ali m'manda awiri ... Feodor Ushakov. Mmodzi wa iwo - wa asilikali. The zina limabweretsa amalume ake, amene pa moyo wake anali abbot wa agulupa lapansi. Mwa kuphunzira miyala, ofufuza anapeza kuti woyendetsa wotchuka ankakonda kukhala mkati mwa makoma awa, kupumula ku madding khamu. Ndicho chifukwa chake analemba chifuniro chake, chimene chinali choti m'manda pafupi ndi amalume ake.