Anthu zachuma yogwira

Chiwerengero chuma yogwira umaimiridwa ndi nzika kupereka ntchito yawo yopanga kwa nthawi zina. Malinga ndi njira UN mu gulu ili monga amalonda, ogwira ntchito ndi anthu amene sali mu mwachindunji nthawi ntchito koma kulandira izo. M'mawu ena, amaphatikizapo anthu ntchito ndi ulova mu gulu anthu.

Ntchito zikuphatikizapo ntchito za anthu kukumana anthu ndi zosowa zawo, zomwe simatsutsana malamulo atsopano ndiponso kubweretsa makamaka ndalama ntchito.

Chiwerengero chuma mwakhama mawu a anthu ogwira ntchito zikuphatikizapo akulu zaka 16 ndipo mosasamala kugonana, umene nyengo ya pansi review:

- ankagwira ntchito zonse kapena ganyu kwa polandira Malipilo ena;

- sanali pa ntchito chifukwa matenda, tchuti, maholide, etc.

- kugwira ntchito yosalipidwa mu makampani banja.

Miyezo ambiri padziko lonse za mfundo za "anthu zachuma yogwira" mungazipeze magawano zotsatirazi akuti:

- zambiri yogwira anthu - umagwiritsidwa ntchito pa nthawiyo (pa chaka chimodzi);

- anthu yogwira mu nthawi apano - umagwiritsidwa ntchito pa nthawi yochepa (a sabata kapena tsiku).

Mwanzeru anafooka anthu umaimiridwa ndi nzika za msinkhu winawake, sali m'gulu chifukwa chirichonse mu ogwira ntchito, ukufanizidwa ndi ntchito ndi ulova. mtundu zimenezi ndi monga magulu amenewa:

- cadets, ophunzira, ophunzira (maphunziro a nthawi zonse), gulu ili mulinso ophunzira maphunziro, ophunzira digirii, komanso ali pa maphunziro n'kupuma;

- kulandira penshoni amitundumitundu;

- anthu amene ali pa olumala penshioni iliyonse ya magulu;

- anthu amene ali patchuthi kusamalira achibale odwala kapena ana;

- anthu amene sangathe ntchito nthawi yomweyo popanda ndiwo ndalama.

Mwa mavuto akuluakulu amene amayambitsa ulova zigwire motere:

- kuchokocha kapena liquidation wa bungwe ;

- kumapeto kwa nyengo ya ntchito nyengo kapena mgwirizano;

- ndi kuchotsedwa anangofuna okha;

- kufika zaka pantchito ;

- Other zifukwa munthu.

Chiwerengero chuma yogwira akhoza kudzadza kwa chiwerengero cha anthu tatchulazi, monga ana kuphunzira kamodzi wathunthu, ana kukula pa amayi ndi anthu amene safuna kugwira ntchito, ndipo nthawizina akadali akufunika kutero.

Mbali yofunika kwambiri mfundo zimene amadziwika ndi ogwira ntchito, ndi zokhudza anthu zachuma wofooka, kuyambira tinganene kuti anthu kuchokera yogwira ntchito wofooka ndi mosemphanitsa, likuyenda nthawi zonse.

The terminology zogwirizana ndi mawu akuti "chuma yogwira anthu" wapeza ntchito yake kwa nthawi yaitali. Mu Russia, akuti izi zikhoza kupezeka mu mabuku ambiri a sayansi. Komabe, kuchita ntchito mfundo imeneyi unayamba ndi kusintha kwa Russian State Committee Federation pa Kafukufuku mfundo mayiko (1992). Mu nthawi imeneyi nthawi zonse anali imachitika Kafukufuku chitsanzo kwa anthu pa ntchito. Pa nthawi yomweyo, izo zinayamba kufalitsidwa mu Zotsatira boma kuzindikiridwa angapo magawo kwa nzika zonse.

Chiwerengero chuma yogwira Russia mu June 2012 anakwana miliyoni 76.4. Anthu, ndipo umboni ndi zochitika za pa, pang'ono ndi pang'ono kuwonjezeka. . Mwa okwana anthu miliyoni 72,7 kapena 94,5% ntchito, ndi zina - sali pantchito. Poyerekeza, chiwerengero chinawonjezeka (0.2%) a anthu ntchito ku May chaka chino, koma oposa (1.3%) chawonjezeka pamene anthu ulova.