Andrianov kampasi - baba wa njira zamakono za navigation

Paulendo ufulu uliwonse alendo kuganizira mofatsa njira yanu. Pofuna kuti asasiye njira osankhidwa, n'kofunika navigation zipangizo. (Адрианова) – дешевый, надежный и компактный инструмент, помогающий путешественнику сориентироваться на местности. Kampasi Andrianova (Hadrian) - wotchipa, odalirika ndi yaying'ono chida kuthandiza apaulendo kupeza njira zawo pansi.

Analogi vs. digito zamakono navigation

Masiku ano, amene anasefukira ndi mitundu yonse ya zipangizo ndi zipangizo kuti alendo amafuna pakompyuta GPS-kuyenda panyanja m'malo mapu pepala ndi kampasi, ndithu kuiwala kuti zitsulo chifukwa cha phindu batire anakhalabe pakhomo ndipo ilili chizindikiro pa nthawi yoyenera akhoza kutha. Cholondola ndi panopa mapu topographic molumikizana ndi kampasi alipobe ndi lathu chachikulu cha zida pa mphambano za kuthengo.

Komanso, pali zochitika zapadera pa orienteering otchedwa, pamene ophunzira moonetsera luso lawo chiwembu njira ndi kutsatira izo ndendende, pogwiritsa ntchito mapu ndi kampasi.

mitundu ya Zimalondolera

Choyamba, pali Zimalondolera, makompyuta ndi maginito.

Ndi makina monga: Zimalondolera wailesi (chikhomo - kwina kulikonse wa mphepo), Zimalondolera pakompyuta kuyenda (chikhomo - mphamvu ya maginito a dziko lathuli, lomwe kudziwa malangizo masensa pa tchipisi) ndi GPS / GLONASS-panyanja (chikhomo - zizindikiro ndi malo a nthambi makina). Izi ndi zolondola kwambiri ndi zipangizo zapamwamba kwambiri kwa kudziwa udindo wa chinthu danga.

Anthu a magulu otsatirawa - maginito Zimalondolera - ntchito mwa munthu kwa zaka. The mankhwala woyamba wa miyala maginito chitsulo, monga amaloza kumalekezero kwa South, ndi zina kumpoto, kupangidwa mu China zaka zoposa zikwi ziwiri zapitazo ndipo ankatchedwa "synan" - ". Kuyang'anira South"

), военные, геологические, гироскопические, астрономические и компасы-буссоли. Kuti monga kuyenda maginito (kuphatikizapo Andrianov kampasi), nkhondo, miyala, gyroscopic, Zimalondolera, zakuthambo ndi kampasi. Iwo onse ntchito pa mfundo yomweyo, zimamangidwa pa ziwembu zofanana ndipo amasiyana yekha mu zowonjezera ochepa kuti apange mtundu wa wapadera ndi kumasulira kuchuluka kwa chida cha.

A nthumwi ankaikira gulu ndi Andrianov kampasi. Anayambitsa m'zaka otsiriza, chida ichi panyanja akadali mwakhama ntchito ndi alendo padziko lonse lapansi.

Kampasi Andrianova (photos, mbiri ya)

Mu 1907, a luso Russian injiniya ndi mapu asilikali Vladimir Nikolaevich Adrianov anapereka lamulo loyamba la kampasi asilikali. Kuphweka kulengedwa, kudalirika ndi lolondola anatulukira anabweretsa kutchuka kwambiri. Polemekeza chipangizo wolemba amatchedwa kampasi Hadrian. Mu zaka mpaka nthawi ino zimakhala molakwika dzina la zatsopano, ndi kuwonjezera kalata "N." ». Ndiyeno mmodzi mwa anthu otchuka zida wapaulendo analandira zina, dzina colloquial "Andrianov kampasi."

Kampasi Kulengedwa ndi mfundo ya ntchito

не претерпело кардинальных изменений за последнее столетие. Chipangizo kampasi Andrianova Sichinatsitsidwe masinthidwe aakulu pa atumwi wotsiriza. Izi kampasi maginito ya gulu ano kunditumiza ku gulu la alendo, ntchito mfundo ya mogwirizana minda analengedwa ndi maginito okhazikika ndi minda maginito dzikoli.

chida ichi ndi wolimba zozungulira mawonekedwe, yokutidwa ndi galasi mandala, mkati limene singano ndi zimayenda ndi muvi umodzi wa maginito, ndi malekezero a amene atchuka ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana - wofiira ndi wabuluu. nyumba Fringing aumbike monga oyimba ndi wodzilemekeza onsewo mphete amene anakonza awiri reticle. chipangizo ali okonzeka ndi chikopa kachingwe clasps lembani mawotchi. Pa mbali ya thupi ali limagwirira akukonzekera mivi - nsomba.

имеет внутреннюю камеру, заполненную воздухом. Andrianov kampasi ali m'chipinda mkati wodzazidwa ndi mpweya. Zimalondolera Modern ntchito zoletsa kuwuma madzi m'malo mpweya, amene amalenga sing'anga viscous, zomwe zimachititsa mivi kuyenda ndi loyenda inert.

The mfundo lathu

Musanagwiritse ntchito kampasi, m'pofunika kulimbana ndi ena maziko ongolankhula.

The navigation ali kale ntchito m'madera zinayi zikuluzikulu: North, South, East, West. Molondola kwambiri kudziwa malangizo a lingaliro zoyenda anayambitsa ndi "azimuthal".

Azimut - mtengo uwu njingayo, amayezedwa madigiri, ku North ndi malangizo anakonzeratu mu mobwerera malangizo. Pofuna kusuntha ku malo panopa mpaka kumapeto mfundo (mfundo) njira, alendo ayenera kudziwa kuchitira ndi mtunda kufika, komanso kudziwa udindo wa North. Mfundo ziwiri poyamba ziyenera kudziwika pasadakhale kapena zingadziŵike pa mapu kupeza North monga kuthandiza kampasi.

Othandiza ntchito kampasi Adrianov

. Asanayambe ulendo kukumbukira mmene ntchito kampasi Andrianova. Choyamba muli kukoka nsomba, motero yomasula maginito chipangizo muvi. Ndiye kampasi ayenera pabwino ndege yopingasa. Pambuyo ochepa amanena muvi mabasi pang'onopang'ono ndipo pamapeto ake, utoto wabuluu, limasonyeza North. Kenako, chipangizo thupi atembenuza mpaka mivi buluu mulembe mfundo chilemba oyimba "C". Choncho, tathandauzira mbali yaikulu ya dziko, "C" - Kumpoto, "Yu" - South, "Z" - kumadzulo, "B" - East.

Tsopano ndi nthawi kudziwa azimuthal. Choyamba ife kudziwa mtengo wa kugawa kampasi oyimba lonse wathu. The circumference lonse madigiri 360. Muyenera kupeza ataima pafupi ndi chizindikiro ndi manambala ndi nambala yaikulu ya kutenga zochepa. chifukwa uwagawire ndi nambala ya magulu (zigawo) pakati manambala. Mwachitsanzo: ndi oyimba oyenerera amaona 15 ndi 30, pakati pa gawo 3 (Chigawo). Price pa magawano ndi (30-15) / 3 = 5 madigiri.

Tsopano, ku ziro mfundo ( "C", North) mobwerera kulepheletsa ankafunila azimuthal onsewo mphete njinga yamoto yovundikira. Mwachitsanzo, kuti tichedwetse azimuthal madigiri 75 m'pofunika atembenuza mphete ku magulu ziro 15 mobwerera.

Chongani malo amene muvi, komabe ayenera kukhazikitsa chizindikiro buluu pa "C". Tsopano, kuyang'ana mwa slits reticles pamaso, tikudziwa malangizo a kuyenda pa azimuthal anapatsidwa.

Hadrian a COMPASS anali ndi kudzakhala yodalirika ndiponso yotsika mtengo chida mlendo aliyense. Kuphunzitsa luso navigation ntchito mapu ndi kampasi, tingakhulupirire kusuntha m'chipululu popanda chiopsezo chotenga anataya.