Anajambulapo katundu. Rock ndi laimu. anajambulapo chilinganizo

Anajambulapo - zachilengedwe mwala, omwe ndi zofewa chitayiko organic kapena organo-mankhwala chiyambi lopangidwa makamaka kashiamu carbonate (calcite). Nthawi zambiri limapangidwa khwatsi chodetsa, mankwala, silika, dongo ndi mchenga particles ndi zatsalira Mbali yokhala ngati mafupa tizilombo. M'nkhani ino tikambirana zinthu zachilengedwezi, mitundu yake, katundu ndi ukulu wa ntchito, komanso kupeza zomwe ndi mankhwala opangidwa ndi miyala, ndi zambiri.

mapangidwe anajambulapo

Choyamba, tiyeni tione mmene mchere inakhazikitsidwa. Anajambulapo makamaka kupangidwa mu osaya beseni m'madzi, ngakhale palinso madzi oyera. Kumachitika mu mawonekedwe a madipoziti ndi zigawo. Nthawi zina precipitates, ngati gypsum ndi mchere evaporating mathamandawa madzi nyanja ndi nyanja. Komabe, zambiri za izo uyikidwa m'nyanja zimene anakumana ndi kuyanika mwakayakaya. Mapangidwe kwambiri anajambulapo anayamba ndi kulekana kwa zamoyo kuchokera madzi nyanja kumanga kashiamu carbonate zipolopolo ndi mafupa. Nawa zotsalira za zamoyo akufa lalikulu zedi kudziunjikira pa nyanja. Chitsanzo chidwi kwambiri za katengedwe ndi kudzikundikira kashiamu carbonate ndi moti matanthwe. Choncho, nthawi zina, pa yopuma anajambulapo zipolopolo munthu Tingaone. Mothandizidwa ndi mafunde nyanja ndi mphamvu ya mafunde ndi mafunde m'madzi yopuma. Ndipo pa nyanja kuti accrue zinyalala anajambulapo kashiamu carbonate, amene precipitates madzi zimalimbikitsa iwo. Komanso mu maphunziro miyala ya laimu miyala achinyamata nawo calcium, lomwe linachokera ku anawononga miyala wakale.

mitundu

Pali mitundu yambiri ya laimu. Coquina otchedwa zipolopolo limodzi ndi makombo awo, manowa mu mapangidwe uchi. Ngati kumene chipolopolo ali ndi kukula ochepa, anapanga zofewa mwachisawawa zolumukizidwa, kudzoza finely anagwa laimu - choko. Oolitic thanthwe tichipeza kakang'ono, kakakulu mazira nsomba manowa mipira. Phata la aliyense akhoza ankaimira ndi mpukutu wa mthunzi, mbewu ya mchenga kapena zina yachilendo tinthu. Ngati pamene mikanda ndi zikuluzikulu, monga mtola, iwo amatchedwa pizolitami ndi mtundu, motero, pizolitovym laimu. zosinthika wina ndi travertine - izo aumbike padziko pa mpweya wa calcite kapena aragonite magwero carbonic madzi. Ngati madipoziti awa kwambiri porous gawo lapansi (chinkhupule), umatchedwa tuff. Unconsolidated chisakanizo cha dongo ndi calcium carbonate adzatchedwa marl.

Komanso, anajambulapo siyana ndi mitundu. Kuweta mtundu - woyera. Koma zikhoza kukhala wachikasu, kuwala beige, kuwala imvi, osachepera - pang'ono pinkish. White-pinki ndi woyera-chikasu thanthwe amaonedwa wapatali kwambiri.

anajambulapo chilinganizo

Monga tanena kale, zinthu zachilengedwezi wapangidwa makamaka a calcite kapena calcite amakhalabe mafupa ndi zipolopolo, kawirikawiri wa aragonite. Choncho anajambulapo chilinganizo adzakhala motere: CaCO _3. Komabe, mtundu woyera ali osowa kwambiri, nthawi zina amaphatikizapo zosafunika zosiyanasiyana khwatsi, mchere dongo, dolomite, gypsum, galasi ndipo, ndithudi, zatsalira organic. Choncho, dolomitic anajambulapo (chilinganizo mtundu zimenezi zimaphatikizapo MgO) limapangidwa ku anayi seventini peresenti mankhwala enaake a oxide marly - peresenti 21 oxides acidic (SiO ₂ + R ₂ O _3). The zikuchokera zingaphatikizepo carbonate dolomite CaMg (NKHA _{3) 2,} FeCO _3, MnCO _3, ndipo ndalama zazing'ono - oxides, sulfides ndi hydroxides wa Fe, Ca ₃ (PO _{4) 2,} CaSO _4.

Anajambulapo: katundu ndi Mapulogalamu

Physico-mawotchi katundu wa miyala ndi sakanikira kwambiri Komabe, zimadalira mwachindunji pa kapangidwe ake ndi dongosolo. Ophunzira a kusekondale kuganizira katundu wa laimu (kalasi 4) ku malo tingachidziwe kunja. Akuphunzira magawo zotsatirazi: mtundu, kachulukidwe, mphamvu boma, solubility. Tipite patsogolo pang'ono ndipo tiganizire mozama kwambiri za katundu wa mchere. Anajambulapo ali osalimba mu uthunthu 2700-2900 makilogalamu / mamita ^3. fluctuation Ichi ndi chifukwa kuchuluka zosafunika zili khwatsi, dolomite ndi mchere. Chochuluka kachulukidwe kusintha osiyanasiyana wokulirapo. Choncho, travertine ndi chipolopolo ndi makilogalamu 800 okha / mamita ^3, pamene crystalline thanthwe ukufika 2800 makilogalamu / mamita ^3. Poganizira katundu wa laimu, tiyenera adzanyamula kukumbukira kuti compressive mphamvu ya miyala zimadalira chochuluka kachulukidwe ake. Choncho chipolopolo kugwedezeka yekha 0.4 MPa, ndi pa afanitov akuyandikira 300 MPa. Makhalidwe pamwamba anatsimikiza zimasokoneza ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo. Mwachitsanzo, pomanga zambiri laimu yaying'ono ntchito malinga zomangamanga ndi porous ndi bwino kuti akalowa ndi kulenga ensembles kukongoletsa.

Mphamvu ya nyengo

Malinga mlingo chinyezi katundu anajambulapo zingasiyane. Izi kwenikweni zimakhudza mphamvu yake - izo ndinasintha kuchepetsedwa ngati mwala yonyowa. Komanso, ambiri madipoziti ali ndi mtundu losanganikirana. Pa nthawi imeneyi muyenera kulipira mwapadera, chifukwa cha chuma inhomogeneous zimasiyana osalimba, womwe kungachititse kuti chiwonongeko. Kusanthula katundu wa laimu Sitiyenera kunyalanyaza, ndi magawo monga chisanu kukana: izi ndimaziko mphamvu mchere ndi nthawi ya ntchito. Choncho, crystalline limestones chisanu ndi 300-400 m'zinthu. Komabe, chithunzi ichi kwambiri yafupika pamaso pa ming'alu ndi pores m'nkhaniyo. Choncho, katundu onse pamwamba miyala ya laimu n'kofunika kuganizira kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zachilengedwe, pofuna kupewa uwonongedwe.

Anajambulapo kuti amangire

Zomangamanga ndi ogula lalikulu la chuma mchere patsogolo pathu. Dolomitic (mwala) laimu ntchito yopanga putty ndi pulasitala zosakaniza, mankhwala ena omatira ndi zina. White anajambulapo lalikulu zedi ntchito kutsirizitsa ndi chokongoletsera nyumba. Coquina kawirikawiri napeza monga nyumba midadada, ndi zina zotero. D. Ife sadzaweruzidwa pa ntchito imeneyi, ndipo odziwika bwino kwa onse. Ndipo chotero kupitirira.

Miyala kupanga ano mafakitale

Iwo likukhalira kuti zinthu zachilengedwezi ntchito kupanga utoto, rubbers ndi mapulasitiki. A oyera zosafunika zoipa thupi, ntchito ngakhale mu adzasowa chakudya. Kupanga galasi sizingatheke popanda miyala, chifukwa ndiwo calcium. mtundu umenewu wakhala singasiyanitsidwe, ndipo ambiri Chofunika - angakwanitse chigawo cha ulimi wa pepala. Tsiku ndi tsiku nthawi zonse ntchito mankhwala monga mapaipi, linoleum, matailosi, matailosi, etc .., Ndipo sanadziwe kuti zinthu zonsezi imapezekanso laimu. Ngakhale kupanga pulasitiki (PP, PVC, krempleny, lavsan, etc.) simungakhoze kuchita popanda nkhaniyi yaiwisi. inks ntchito kashiamu carbonate monga ochekenera pigment. Monga mukuonera, nkhaniyi ali ndi udindo waukulu pafupifupi mafakitale.

makampani mankhwala

Ngakhale zinthu monga nsapato osalala, mankhwala otsukira mano, otsukira ndikupha tizilombo ufa, ndi zina zotero. Amene ife ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku, zichokera kwa laimu. zinthuzi yaiwisi ntchito kupanga mankhwala Pofuna kuteteza chilengedwe ku kuipitsidwa zamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Kuchokera pa zimene takambiranazi, tikhoza kunena motsimikiza kuti odziwika bwino ndi mosavuta ndi nkhani miyala, ndi mbali yofunika ya chitukuko chamakono.

mfundo zosangalatsa

A chopereka kwambiri chitukuko cha mwala kusema anapanga anthu a South ndi America Central. Olmecs, Aaziteki, Mayans patsogolo kwambiri kubereka kalikedo, obsidian ndi zitsulo pakachitsulo, kudula zida ndi zinthu zina zapakhomo. Choncho, zikhomo pakubwezeretsa, graters, mortars ndi kulenga basalt, sandstone ndi laimu. Ng'oma ndi zipangizo chopping zopangidwa diorite, yade, yade ndi zipangizo zina. Makamaka pakati mwala processing ndi mzinda wa Maya - The fineness ndi Nebaj.