Amadziwikira Social: lingaliro, zizindikiro gulu chikhalidwe adzadziwire

Social adzadziwire - lingaliro moyang'anana iliyonse zamaganizo. Zosiyanasiyana zokhudza sayansi anapeza mawu. M'nkhani ino tidzayesetsa kumvetsa zimene abwino chikhalidwe, kodi mitundu ndi makhalidwe. Mudzaphunziranso mmene amadziwikira munthu.

Kuzindikiritsidwa ndi Umunthu

Malingaliro Pawokha ndi chizindikiritso n'kofunika kwambiri pakati pa phunziro ubale intergroup. Iwo ali pafupi mtengo Koma amasiyana kwambiri monga mawu sayansi. Chiphaso m'lingaliro ambiri akuyerekezera chilichonse chilichonse. Mu zaumunthu ndi sayansi chitukuko, mu kuwerenga maganizo makamaka kudziwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chizindikiritso. Mwachitsanzo, nthawi zambiri amatanthauziridwa kuti kukhazikitsidwa kwa adzadziwire osadziwika zinthu zokhudzika chinthu kale pa maziko a mwangozi kapena ena nkhani yaikulu. Pali chinthu monga chizindikiritso, kapena dzina. umunthu Izi ofala mtima.

Sigmund Freud, anayambitsa psychoanalysis, woyamba kukhazikitsa mfundo chizindikiritso. Komabe, mu kuwerenga maganizo chikhalidwe, ndi ambiri ofala. Freud poyamba ankaona ngati wakomoka chizindikiritso ndondomeko kutsanzira. Iye ankakhulupirira kuti ndi njira imodzi ya chitetezo maganizo a munthu. Mu Social Psychology, akukhulupirira kuti chizindikiritso cha chikhalidwe chachikulu socialization ndi, kuloŵerera wa munthu (makamaka izo nkhawa ana) machenjelero ndinso dongosolo la makhalidwe anthu. Chifukwa cha socialization wa munthu amatenga zawo zokhuza chikhalidwe chawo. Iye anazindikira kuti iye ali wa makamaka gulu (zaka, akatswiri a chipembedzo, andale, mafuko, mitundu), mfundo angatsate.

Lingaliro Pawokha

mu terminology chizindikiritso masiku ano chodabwitsa akuoneni ife monga ngati kuchokera kunja. Tikhoza kunena Pankhaniyi kuli ndondomeko kudziwa zotsatira. Pali chinthu chotero monga dzina. Zimatanthauza dziko lamkati la munthu. Izi ndi gulu zotengera malingaliridwe a wekha monga gulu linalake chikhalidwe (kalasi, mtundu, mtundu). Kotero chizindikiro changa mu mawonekedwe ake ambiri onse ndi chizindikiritso cha munthu ndi ena.

System adzadziwire Henry Tedzhfelu

Henry Tedzhfel, English zamaganizo, ndiye mlengi wa chiphunzitso adzadziwire chikhalidwe. Iye anapanga chopereka kwambiri kuphunzira za kuwerenga maganizo ubale pakati pa magulu. Malingana ndi chiphunzitso Henry Tedzhfela, n'zotheka kuti atchule "kudziletsa lingaliro" umunthu monga dongosolo la malamulo a zosiyanasiyana khalidwe chikhalidwe. dongosolo Izi zikuphatikizapo subsystems awiri. The oyamba - adzadziwire munthu. Ndi udindo momwe munthu ndi kudzikonda mtima, ndi mndandanda wa munthu ozindikira, chilengedwe, makhalidwe ndi zina makhalidwe a munthu. The subsystem chachiwiri - gulu abwino. Ndi udindo ntchito za munthu magulu katswiri, fuko ndi zina. Angadziperekere mu chikumbumtima anthu a kusinthika kuchokera adzadziwire munthu gulu limagwirizana ndi kusintha kwa zosiyanasiyana ubale lotha chikhalidwe ubale intergroup, ndi mosemphanitsa.

ntchito Tedzhfela anakhala ofala asayansi. Komanso, Social Psychology , iwo wafunsira kukambirana zimene uxamwali ulipo pakati pa chizindikiro munthu ndi chikhalidwe. mkangano ulipobe.

Chizindikiro cha munthu ndi chikhalidwe

Umunthu - lingaliro lomwe, m'lingaliro miyambo ndi ya makhalidwe ena amene kusiyanitsa munthu ndi anthu ena. Pankhani kudzidziwa zinthu, nthaŵi zambiri kumaoneka ngati zotsatira za Kudziŵa munthu angaloledwe awo kuti magulu ena chikhalidwe. Pa mfundo imeneyi munthu amapeza makhalidwe chibadidwe magulu awa. Tikumbukenso kuti milingo onse wazotsatira ndi zothandiza nthawi zina kovuta kusiyanitsa pakati pa mfundo monga adzadziwire munthu ndi chikhalidwe. Akatswiri zambiri kuganiza za zimene tikuchita ndi.

Mitundu Pawokha chikhalidwe

Mawu akuti "adzadziwire" mu zaumunthu a chi ndi sayansi chikhalidwe ntchito kwambiri ambiri. Iwo ayenera kumvetsa kuti si malo amene poyamba anali wa chibadidwe munthu. Umunthu ndi ubale wa munthu yekha mu dziko, anapanga ndi chinatenga nthawi mwa mawu mogwirizana ndi anthu. zingapo zamaganizo amakhulupirira kuti chibadidwe okha nkhani payekha. Iwo amakhulupirira kuti munthu amanena ponena za magulu yekha m'njira zophiphiritsira chabe.

Asayansi akulankhula za mtundu, ntchito ndale, dera, zaka, adzadziwire jenda, ndi zina zotero. D. Mitundu zosiyanasiyana, chifukwa kapangidwe ka munthu mtengo wa aliyense wa iwo ndi osiyana. Izo zimatengera nthawi ndi zinthu situational, monga malo anthu okhala, banja lake, ntchito, zaka, maphunziro, mfundo, etc ..

amadziwikira Tsankho

Izo zikhoza adamulowetsa kapena zimasuluka chifukwa cha kusintha kwa ubwenzi wa munthu dera dziko limene iye alimo. Nthawi zambiri mitundu adzadziwire akufotokozera chifukwa cha "kuwonjezera" anthu ena wina khalidwe national (ngakhale izo zimachitika). Nthawi zambiri amapezeka mu ndondomeko ya kumvetsa, munthu kukhalanso. Mwachitsanzo, ngati dzina la munthu lili ndi makhalidwe mitundu bwino, sizitanthauza kuti asadziwike. Izi si zokwanira kukhalanso wa munthu monga nthumwi ya mtundu wina, ngakhale mukhoza kupezeka anthu yodziwika ndi magulu akuoneka yosiyanasiyana.

amadziwikira jenda

Izo analengedwa mu ana aang'ono mu chitukuko kwachilengedwenso wa munthu. Zikuoneka zingadziŵike osati pa zifukwa za chilengedwe, komanso chikhalidwe. Mwachitsanzo, lathu atsopano a chiwerewere (Pawokha kugonana) - zovuta kumvetsa chodabwitsa, monga masiku ano ndi kulimbana ndi mphamvu kwa tanthauzo la mfundo ndi zinthu Pawokha jenda. Vutoli sangathe kuthetsedwa mu chimango cha Social Psychology. Pamafunika dongosolo kusanthula mothandizidwa ndi maganizo a ambiri a akatswiri -. Cultural maphunziro, sayansi, azamisala, maloya, ndi anthu ndi magulu ena kuumirizidwa kunyengerera monga njira adzadziwire chikhalidwe za zomwe anthu kusapeza kuti anthu ambiri a anthu.

Umunthu ndi chitukuko munthu

Umunthu makamaka anapanga mchikakamizo cha anthu. Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti zaka, mtundu, adzadziwire jenda - ndi zigawo chapakati chizindikiro chonse chikhalidwe. Mavuto a zaka, fuko kapena jenda chigawo akhoza kwambiri kulepheretsa kuli ndi chitukuko wabwinobwino wa munthu. Mwachitsanzo, iwo akhoza kuwononga thupi ndi maganizo, ndi mavuto zotsatira.

amadziwikira Professional

Vuto lina lalikulu limene munthu panthawi ina - ndi mapangidwe kudziwitsa dokotala. Asayansi kawiri kawiri za akatswiri kukhalanso. Zimenezi si anamaliza unyamata wake pambuyo kusankha ntchito kapena maphunziro. Munthuyo nthawi yaukapolo kuthandauza okha ntchito yawo kupyolera mu miyoyo yawo. Izo zimatengera osati pa munthu komanso pa zochitika kunja. Mwachitsanzo, mavuto a zachuma. Ena kudzinenera chifukwa cha mavuto awa ndi zosafunika, pamene ena kukhala wotchuka kwambiri. Man amakakamizidwa kuti azolowere msika ntchito kusintha.

magulu Social monga omumvera ndi zinthu chizindikiritso chikhalidwe

Social adzadziwire - lingaliro kuti zamaganizo oona za chikhalidwe chapakati kumvetsa mfundo ubale intergroup. Ndipotu, izi ndi mfundo yaikulu chimene chimagwirizanitsa munthu ndi gulu limene adzaupereka. Tikumbukenso kuti magulu chikhalidwe anthu - chodabwitsa ndi sakanikira kwambiri. Choncho, n'kofunika kufotokoza zimene zikutanthauza ife mwa mawu.

zinthu zimenezi ndi anthu wolemekezeka kwa zosiyanasiyana ndi magawo, ngakhale kuti pali zinthu wamba gulu chikhalidwe. Iwo Choncho zomveka kuganiza kuti ndondomeko ya chizindikiritso chikhalidwe mu kulunjika ake anatsimikiza ndi katundu wa magulu amene munthu ili.

Mbali khalidwe la gulu chikhalidwe motere:

• mwanjira ina ya zimene zimachitika pakati pa anthu ake, amene amayambitsidwa ndi chifukwa wamba kapena chidwi;
• kuzindikira membala gulu, timafuna mwawomwawo, amene kumaonekera kuteteza zofuna zake;
• kuzindikira umodzi wa oimira cha macheza kapena maganizo onse a anthu ake onse, ndipo osati iwo, komanso anthu owazungulira.

udindo gulu ndi abwino chikhalidwe

Asayansi kuona kuti anthu a mkulu-udindo a moyo, kawirikawiri zosakwana ndikuganiza za umembala gulu kuposa otsika-udindo zokhudzana. Popeza kuti membala mayanjano amenewa osankhika ndi zina muyezo. magulu ena okhudzidwa yerekezerani adziwane ndi mfundo imeneyi.

Memberships nkusalidwa, kusalidwa, magulu otsika-udindo amatsogolera kudzidziwa zoipa chikhalidwe. Anthu Pankhaniyi, zambiri ntchito njira yapadera. Mothandizidwa ndi njira zosiyanasiyana iwo akwanitsa kuchita zabwino adzadziwire chikhalidwe cha munthu. Iwo mwina amakonda kuchoka m'gululi ndi kulowa kwambiri kwambiri touted, kapena kuti gulu lawo linayambira kuti anazindikira zabwino kwambiri.

Monga mukuonera, mapangidwe Pawokha chikhalidwe - kuipidwa ndi m'zigawozigawo ndondomeko. Kumene, pamafunika kuwerenga.