Akuluakulu Judicial Akuluakulu a ku Russia: lingaliro, mbiri, ntchito, nkhani, ntchito, ntchito, maboma ntchito. Milandu - ndi ...

Milandu - ndi mbali yofunika ya dongosolo la zida boma, kugwiritsa Malamulo kugwilizana ndi machitidwe normative malamulo m'dziko, kuchita ntchito zambiri, komanso okhala angapo mphamvu yapadera yomwe ndi chibadidwe okha kugwirizana boma.

XIX atumwi chiyambi

dongosolo la boma milandu ya Russian Ufumu anali koyamba kwa nthawi yoyamba ya Russian Mfumu Alexander I, amene anapereka Ndondomeko wapadera "Pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa utumiki." Chochitika ichi chinachitika mu 1802, 8 September. Izi kuchita malamulo amapereka osati mphamvu za Justice, komanso ngati nduna mtsogoleri analengeza, malo amene iye akanakhoza kokha kutenga bwanamkubwa wamkulu wa Russian Ufumu.

ntchito za boma milandu pa nthawi munali yokonza zochita malamulo, komanso mgwirizano utumiki milandu ndi ntchito milandu. monga ntchito zina Utumiki kuchita anasamutsidwa, kutengerapo, kuchotsedwa kwa akuluakulu agwilitse malo mu utumiki wa zida boma. Woyamba ndipo kwambiri Nduna ya Za Chilungamo anakhala Derzhavin Gavriil Romanovich, amene amaphatikizidwa ndi chikondi cha ndakatulo ndi ntchito anthu mu miyoyo yawo.

Nawo mwachindunji kwa Utumiki wa Justice anatengera mu kukhazikitsa kusintha milandu, imene mphamvu za mutu wa thupi kwambiri. Pa nthawi ya 1864, ulamuliro imeneyi ikuchitika osati utsogoleri wa mayunitsi zotuluka ndi ofesi wozenga mlandu, koma analinso m'gulu ulamuliro wa ndende ndi chikhomo zidutswa, iye anatsogolera notaries.

Udindo wa boma khoti mbiri unkagwiritsidwa kudzera kukonza gawo Mwachitsanzo, Utumiki anayambitsa Institute zamalamulo, amene umagwira lero; nawo mwachindunji mu chiphunzitso cha malamulo onse, komanso kumasulira malamulo analengeza ntchito.

XX atumwi kusintha pambuyo chosintha

Mbiri ya boma khoti zaka mazana makumi awiri anatembenukira kwa yosintha mabungwe pamwamba mu thupi boma pansi pa dzina "Commissariat The of Justice." Ngakhale kusintha dzina la Utumiki, ntchito zake akutsatiridwa ndi zolinga zofanana - mapangidwe zakuweluzidwa kwa milandu ndi kusankha ogwira ntchito kwambiri oyenerera. Direct udindo mu mapangidwe latsopano boma malamulo a boma la Soviet anali Kukonza ndi kukhazikitsa apamwamba malamulo atsopano a USSR.

Mu 1936, kulandira kusintha kwakukulu - ofesi wozenga mlandu omasulidwa ku bungwe palokha. Komabe, chifukwa kusintha koteroko milandu ntchito akuluakulu kwambiri adakulabe mu dera la systematization ndi kukonzekera za codified zochita malamulo. The ndondomeko malamulo anapanga njira zitatu:

• Kukonzekera boma, zigawenga ndi procedural zizindikiro, komanso mitundu ina ya zikalata zolimbana (zapansi malamulo ntchito, ndi zina zotero).
• Development zochita kupelekedwa ndi boma la USSR.
• zinthu zowonjezela m'munda wa malamulo.

Laboratories Research, mabungwe chitukuko ali m'gulu milandu. Ntchito za boma zida mu theka lachiwiri la XX m'ma m'munda wa ntchito malamulo anali lofunika kwambiri poyerekeza ndi mabungwe ena ndi yoperekedwa kwa boma la USSR zimakhudza mwachindunji.

Mu 1991, Bungwe la Supreme anaganiza akupitirizabe kunena kuti thupi la Russia Ministry of Justice. Mu 1992 iye anapangidwa kusinthidwa zogwirizana zonse kwa Constitution la State, komanso malamulo atsopano boma ndi malamulo ena Kumvetsela akhala chikalata.

Dipatimenti ya chilungamo: ntchito, lingaliro la malo pa siteji lino la chitukuko cha boma

Pakali pano, akuluakulu milandu - ndi mbali yofunika ya zida boma la boma. Pali maganizo osiyanasiyana okhudza cholinga terminological la mawu akuti "chilungamo." Ena amanena kuti ntchito za chilungamo ndi ntchito yovomerezeka, pamene ena amakhulupirira kuti ntchito yomasulira anati mgwirizano ntchito milandu. Mulimonsemo, view chilichonse angakhale pafupi ndi inu, tanthauzo terminological wa mawu zokhudza ntchito yovomerezeka, ndiye kuti ndilo khalidwe la umwini. Kusanthula mwatsatanetsatane, m'pofunika kuti anthu amvetse pa nkhani imeneyi, kuti kutanthauzira terminological la mawu akuti "chilungamo" mokulirapo chifukwa miyambo zakale ndi mbiri ya thupi ili.

Pa nthawi, ku Russia akuluakulu milandu kugwira ntchito gulu kagwiridwe ka. Waukulu zolimbana chida kuti imayang'anira ntchito ya boma zida za zinthu zakumwamba ndi lamulo pa Utumiki wa Justice. Yofunika kwambiri malowa ankaimba malamulo ambiri a boma ndi malamulo a Pulezidenti.

Akuluakulu Justice: ntchito, ntchito, dongosolo

Milandu - ndi boma anapatsidwa mndandanda wa ntchito:

• zimakhudza mwachindunji pa ntchito muyezo-atakhala wa matupi chigamulo cha dziko - mutsogoleli wa dziko ndi boma.
• The ulamuliro pa buku la Machitidwe zolimbana malamulo maiko oyandikana ndi makonsolo, komanso kutsimikizira kumbali yawo ndi kugwilizana ndi ntchito padziko lonse, malamulo ndi malangizo. Kukhazikitsa chifukwa ndondomeko khama, ngati n'koyenera.
• Kukhazikitsa kulembetsa a boma, zikuthandiza boma kulembetsa ndi lamulo kulowa wotuluka boma, katundu ufulu, kulembetsa kwa malo ndi zina zotero. Pamndandanda uwu si zochuluka, monga yodziwika ndi ntchito za makonsolo.
• Kukhazikitsa ntchito zolimbana ndi malamulo.
• Control pa kuphedwa kwa zochita malamulo malamulo.
• Kupereka mfundo ndi malamulo onse vuto la kusowa, ndi zofunika kwambiri.

Ntchito yaikulu ya matupi milandu Zafalikira dongosolo lawo, ndiye ngati motere:

1. Utumiki wa Justice.
2. Matupi ndi mabungwe a chilango.
3. Utumiki wa Justice a m'mbali, mayiko ndi madera ena la Russia.

Utumiki wa Justice ngati zochuluka, dongosolo chapakati wagawo

Milandu - mabungwe ndi magulu amene ali gawo la Utumiki dziko yaikulu ya Chilungamo. Kwa iwo zambiri monga notaries akuluakulu kaundula Office, ndi Russian Chilamulo Academy, malo mudziwe malamulo, Laboratories chifukwa kukhazikitsa kope azamalamulo za kumasulidwa boma magazini ndi zina zotero.

Utumiki wa Justice - n'chofunika chapakati, ntchito yaikulu imene imakhala ikuyang'anira komanso limayang'anira udindo matupi Kupititsa ndi mabungwe omwe ali m'gulu la kachitidwe pamwamba. Mu Russia udindo wa chinthu deta manenjala wa zida boma mokomera Minister Justice, amene akuchitira udindo pa munthu mlandu kukwaniritsa kukhazikitsa ntchito zomwe zidapatsidwa kwa utumiki.

Kodi ntchito ya "malamulo" wa dongosolo? Nduna ya Za Chilungamo amagonjera Mutu wa State kapena boma la Russian Federation kusodza zikalata zochitika zolimbana. Nkofunika kudziwa kuti Minister ali ndi ufulu kugonjera kwa kuganizira yekha mapepala amene mwachindunji zokhudzana ndi ntchito ikuchitika mwa iwo.

Koma dongosolo la dipatimenti boma, makamaka tichipeza maofesi, m'madipatimenti ndi magulu. Aliyense magawano structural ndi chinkhoswe mu ndinapatsidwa ntchito yake malinga ndi ndondomeko anakhazikitsa zochita malamulo. Mwachitsanzo, masiku ano mphamvu za boma milandu la Chitaganya cha Russia za kasamalidwe systematization malamulo, mabungwe kasamalidwe Katswiri, dipatimenti ya bwalo chizolowezi ndi zina zotero.

Kuthandiza ntchito za Center Scientific za Malamulo Information, likulu la kum'funsafunsa pa mlingo la feduro, komanso Russian Chilamulo Academy.

Mitembo ya nkhani RF chilungamo pa dziko

N'kosavuta kwa ndikuganiza, zochokera dongosolo pamwamba kuti boma la milandu la Chitaganya cha Russia pa maiko oyandikana ndi kuperekedwa monga mautumiki m'mbali, mayiko, atsogoleri a m'madera Russian. Dera anatsimikiza paokha amene mitu utumiki ku msilikali positi kapena mtumiki.

akuluakulu a milandu onse m'munda, mosasamala za maphunziro awo pansi pa Utumiki wa Justice ndi ena feduro matupi wamkulu wa mphamvu ya boma. Mphamvu za boma milandu pansi m'mbali ambiri ofanana ndi ofesi yaikulu ya ntchito, kotero dera milandu akuluakulu ntchito, ntchito ikuchitika motere:

• Standard-kolowera ntchito nezapreschonnyh malire malamulo.
• Kulinganiza ntchito ya notaries m'munda.
• Kugwira ntchito chiphatso: issuance wa ziphatso, kulamulira n'loonadi, kugwiritsa ntchito miyeso malamulo udindo kwa anthu amene aphwanya chilamulo, ndi zina zotero.

M'tsogolo ife kukonzekera angayike matupi a nzika za ulamuliro bungwe makonzedwe a panali m'munsi pa mabwalo akuluakulu.

Malangizo chachikulu cha ntchito za akuluakulu milandu m'madera ndi:

1. chithandizo cha za malamulo kuti ntchito normative.
2. Kukhazikitsa boma kulembetsa malamulo m'deralo monga akuluakulu a boma ndi mabungwe alamulo ndi anthu (kulembetsa wa wotuluka malo, kulembetsa boma, ndi zina zotero).

Kenako malangizo mwachindunji ndi kutchulidwa dera yeniyeni; Mipherezero anapereka malinga ndi cholinga; Ntchito ndi mphamvu.

Ntchito ya Utumiki wa Justice mu matupi muyezo-atakhala boma

Mmodzi mwa munda waukulu ntchito (maganizo akuluakulu milandu anatsimikiziranso zimenezi) ndi muyezo kolowera.

Kunyamula madongosolo a Purezidenti wa la Russia, nthumwi za Utumiki nawo Kupenda kutsimikizira motsata zochita normative mlandu kumbali ponena za zida kuposa malamulo. Ndipo izi amangonena za machitidwe awo, wotumidwa kwa siginecha pulezidenti wa dziko ndi sanabadwe zapita siteji ya buku. Pakuti makampani mulinso mphamvu kuti anene maganizo RF Government kukhala bwino ntchito malamulo. Ovomerezeka Utumiki wa Justice ndi kupereka maganizo pa kufunika izi kapena kuti ithe, kumbuyo mu kulemba mfundo yake ya view mawonekedwe.

Kuchokera pa zimene takambiranazi, n'zosadabwitsa kuti boma la Russian Federation of Justice ndi ulamuliro paokha kukhala ngongole, amene kenako anagonjera ake kuti boma la Russia. Malamulo ukatswiri kutsimikizira kumbali zokhudza malamulo ndi vuto la zikusiyana iliyonse (RF Constitution, malamulo boma, ndi zina zotero) thupi zimene zapita chikalata, ndi anakambirana mapeto. Chifukwa, chiwalo chilichonse, lomwe limaona izi kapena njira ina malamulo chofunika Tumizaninso ku Unduna wa Justice.

Ntchito inanso ndi kukhazikitsa ntchito zokhudzana ndi systematization malamulo. Motero, chilungamo latsopano la Russia lili limodzi banki zochita zolimbana a boma, lomwe aliyense naye bwino ndi ena ponseponse. Komanso Utumiki wa Justice ndi ophunzira mwachindunji ntchito pa ntchito yokonza ndi buku la Code la malamulo Russian Federation.

Control wa mabungwe ndi nthambi m'munda

Kukhazikitsa nchito imeneyi mwachindunji ndi ntchito normative matupi milandu, monga kulamulira ikuchitika kuphatikizapo poona kugwilizana ndi departmental kugona wa RF Constitution, malamulo boma ndi malamulo a boma. Only patapita cheke lathunthu "m'dera" wa bilu ndi chilolezo cha boma milandu umadutsa siteji ya buku ndi boma. machitidwe awo, omwe si kale mayina Komabe, ngakhale ulamuliro kusagwirizana milandu, zapangidwa anthu, ndiribe mphamvu malamulo, choncho si kugwilizana si zikuphatikizapo udindo.

ulamuliro Local ndi anagwiritsanso ndi boma kulembetsa ya malemba awo: zonse Russian Inter m'madera ndi mayiko mabungwe. Komanso, gulu zikuphatikizapo zipembedzo. Mu nkhani ya kukana kwa boma kulembetsa wa maphunziro achipembedzo ayenera yomweyo kuletsa ntchito zawo, mwinamwake mgwirizano amapeza udindo wa chipembedzo kuti alibe ufulu kukhalapo mu Russia.

Mtundu wina kupewa kukhazikitsa ulamuliro boma m'munda wa kulembetsa mabungwe malonda ndi noncommercial. deta zonse zofunikira imvera kulolerana kuvomerezedwa mu Wonse State Register a mabungwe alamulo.

Adzasonkhanitsa Service zimabweretsa structural kwa Utumiki wa Justice

mavuto ambiri akuluakulu milandu chifukwa chakuti ali ndi mawu yaikulu Buku delineate zomwe ndi zovuta pakati m'madipatimenti kapena mabungwe. Pofuna kulongosola kapangidwe ka unit opaleshoni, m'pofunika kutchula Dipatimenti osiyana, omwe ali mbali ya dongosolo la Utumiki wa Justice - ndi Federal Bailiffs Service.

The ntchito yaikulu ya unit structural Cholinga kuonetsetsa kugwilizana ndi dongosolo la Kuthi bwalo, chilango chilango zigawenga mu mawonekedwe a chabwino ndi, komanso kukhazikitsa njira zina za choletsa.

Organization ndi mgwirizano ntchito za bungwe ndi a m'Chilamulo Federal "Pa Bailiffs", komanso mu zochita malamulo malamulo ntchito za Kuthi ndi malamulo.

Kapangidwe ka wagawo izi structural tichipeza:

1. Dipatimenti Main wa bailiffs, mwachindunji zokhudzana Utumiki wa Justice la Chitaganya cha Russia.
2. Bailiff Service la mabwalo a asilikali.
3. Adzasonkhanitsa Service, yomwe ili pansi mu zigawo: m'mautumiki dera kapena chigawo.

akapitawo onse m'magulu awiri, malingana ndi ntchito iwo amagwira:

• Bailiffs, zimene zimapereka dongosolo maziko a ntchito ndi ukugwirira ntchito ya makhoti, magawo milandu.
• apolisi, amene ali ndi udindo kugwira kuphedwa kwa zilango zigawenga mu mawonekedwe a ndalama ndi zochita zina mwa bwalo.

Pofuna kukhazikitsa lamulo akuyang'anira bailiffs ndi malo malamulo ntchito mphamvu Mwachitsanzo, bata m'khotimo, n'kunena.

dongosolo Criminally-wamkulu monga mbali ina ya chilungamo

dongosolo chilango ukufanizidwa ndi ofesi chapakati, amene waukulu ntchito - kugwira ntchito ndi Kutsata chitukuko cha mfundo za boma ku dera kuphedwa ndi kutumikira ziganizo chigawenga. Kuwonjezera lolamulira m'ndende pali lalikulu zosiyanasiyana mabungwe mwachindunji kutsatira chilango chigawenga, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito njira zina chilamulo chigawenga. Unit chapakati ukufanizidwa mu Dipatimenti osiyana otchedwa Federal wamkulu utumiki, amenenso ali ndi ena dongosolo masanjidwe.

Activities Mis imakhala mbali zotsatirazi:

1. Akuphedwa zilango zosagwirizana ndi kulandidwa ufulu. Monga ulamuliro, udindo waukulu wapatsidwa magawo structural umaimiridwa ndi chavuta ndi chilango kuti atsogolere mlandu, kulamulira kukonza anthu alamulidwa ntchito yokakamiza, ntchito kukonza, chiletso ufulu ndi zina zotero.
2. Akuphedwa chilango chigawenga kugwirizana ndi kudzipatula kwa anthu, gulu la ntchito za mabungwe a Kukwanilitsa ndi kutumikira chiweruzo cha kumangidwa ndi bwalo mu maonekedwe ena a kosamalira ndende.
3. Ankapha akhoti remand m'ndende ndi kukonza kugwira ntchito yandende, komanso chiwerengero cha mphamvu zina.
4. Kukhazikitsa ndodo Mis kapitawo wa mlandu m'ndende.
5. Resocialization akaidi n'kubwerera anthu pambuyo kutumikira chiganizo chigawenga.

Nkofunika kudziwa kuti mndandanda pamwamba pa zinthu si zochuluka, monga dongosolo chilango ukufanizidwa ndi mabungwe anamwazikana nthambi ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo mabungwe a sayansi kafukufuku wa FSIN, mayunivesite, matupi zolimbana, ndi zina zotero.