1.1 Makasitomala cholinga - chinsinsi ntchito bwino kumalo a ntchito

Ntchito ya mabizinezi (mabungwe) tsopano chikuchitika mu malo mpikisano waukulu zosiyanasiyana aya mkati ndi kunja, zovuta njira yopanga ndi zopinga gwero. Ntchito wotere kugwirizana ndi chiopsezo apamwamba ndi njakata. Izi zimafuna nzeru maganizo bungwe, chitukuko mosalekeza ndi kusintha kwa zinthu zake. Chimodzi mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri bwino gulu limakhala cholinga chake pa ogula, pamene yopanga ndi kugulitsa katundu kapena ntchito chifukwa choona ndi kuthandiza ogula. Cholinga chachikulu cha lathu kasitomala ndi kukwaniritsa kukhutitsidwa ake ndi monga Motero, posungira ndi kuteteza ake. Pa nthawi yomweyo kasitomala wokhutira anatsimikiza ndi chiŵerengero maganizo ake ndi khalidwe lenileni la mankhwala anapeza kapena utumiki. Ntchito m'munda wa malonda, kasamalidwe ka zinthu ndi kasamalidwe khalidwe lili ndi zitsanzo zambiri za kufunika kwa gulu ankaganizira pa ogula Mwachitsanzo:

· Mtengo wa kukopa makasitomala atsopano nthawi 5-10 kuposa ndalama kwa wokhutira ndi posungira makasitomala alipo;

· Kuchepetsa 5% mu mlingo wa outflow ogula akhoza patsogolo ndalama malonda 25-85% (malingana ndi makampani);

· Makasitomala ambiri okhulupirika kupanga ndalama zokha m'chaka chachiwiri pambuyo kugula poyamba, ndipo ena.

Mfundo mabuku kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa ogula kukhuta ndipo anasangalala ndi kuonanso kuti lero ogula okhutira ndi zofunika kwambiri koma si zokwanira chikhalidwe cha posungira ndi kuteteza ake. Gulu chomukondweretsa makasitomala ndi kukwaniritsa wokhulupirika ayenera kukhala kum'patsa mankhwala amenewa (kapena utumiki), amene osati amathetsa zosowa zawo ndi ziyembekezo, koma kuposa iwo. Ndi zochitika yabwino ubale pakati pa bungwe ndi makasitomala kudutsa magawo zotsatirazi: koyamba ndi kukonzanso ntchito ogula makasitomala, abwenzi odalirika ndi zibwenzi. Chapakati ndi kasitomala wokhutira chikuperekedwa mfundo mayiko ISO 9000. Makamaka, woyamba wa eyiti mfundo khalidwe kasamalidwe limati: "Mabungwe zimadalira makasitomala awo choncho ayenera kumvetsa panopa ndi tsogolo zofuna kasitomala, kukumana zofuna za makasitomala ndi kuyesetsa upambana ziyembekezo kasitomala." Makasitomala cholinga kumafuna zinthu zotsatirazi:

· Kukhazikitsidwa kwa amafuna ndi chiyembekezo ogula;

· Khama la zofunika zina, zomwe upambana ziyembekezo kasitomala;

· Achite yoyesa zosowa ndi mukuyembekezera

· Malawi ndi kugwilizana ndi zofunika ndi zoyembezereka za ogula mu ndondomeko kupanga ndi mautumiki;

· Kuyeza digiri enieni a kasitomala wokhutira;

· Analysis zotsatira analandira;

· Development ndi kukhazikitsa miyezo umalimbana patsogolo ntchito gulu la kumapangitsanso kasitomala wokhutira [14].

Chinthu chofunika ndondomeko imeneyi ya kanthu ndi kuyeza kuchuluka kwa kasitomala wokhutira, monga timatha zotsatira muyeso kudziŵa zoona ogula amakhutitsidwa ndi mankhwala kapena utumiki umene bungwe. Pali njira zosiyanasiyana za kuyeza kasitomala wokhutira. Indicators limene adzaweruza digiri ya wosuta kukhuta, conventionally m'magulu awiri. Gulu loyamba zikuphatikizapo zizindikiro zomwe anafotokozedwa tsopano mu ndondomeko ya kusanthula ntchito mafakitale ndi chuma kwa nthawi zina:

-General chiwerengero cha anthu ogula; chiwerengero cha makasitomala anataya;

pamsika;

malonda -Annual pa kasitomala;

- chiwerengero cha madandaulo ada mangala ndi ziganizo, ndi ena.

Gulu lachiwiri zizindikiro, zimene anatsimikiza ndi ogula:

- kasitomala wokhutira;

-vazhnost kwa ogula la chizindikiro amakhala ndi mankhwala kapena utumiki.

Pankhaniyi, wosuta atenge mbali ya katswiri yemwe anafunsa kuonanso mmene wosangalala wake ndi mankhwala anagula kapena utumiki. Indicators wa gulu loyamba amakhala ndi vuto ambiri ogwira ntchito mu msika ndi njira zina amasonyeza ubale ndi ogula Komabe, sizisonyeza mndandanda kasitomala wokhutira, zifukwa kusintha ogula maganizo mankhwala kapena mautumiki a kumalo a ntchito. Mosiyana ndi poyamba, gulu lachiwiri la zizindikiro zikusonyeza mlingo wa wosangalala makasitomala yeniyeni, zofuna zawo ndi zofunika kwambiri. Onse magulu zizindikiro azigwirizana. Lowunikira la kasitomala okhutira - ndi tsatane Mipikisano ndondomeko kupanga makwerero:

· Kukonzekera;

· Yoyenera ziyenera a mlingo wa kasitomala wokhutira;

· Processing, kusanthula ndi mamangidwe kuwunika.

Mogwira ziyenera kwakukulukulu zimadalira gulu la ndondomeko zomera kupanga:

-Define zili magawo zikuluzikulu za njira;

-establishment internally akuluakulu ndi madipatimenti kuti adzakhala nawo mbali iyi;

-distribution pakati pa ntchito ndi mphamvu;

-Development a zikalata zanu zofunika lolamulira kukhazikitsa ndondomeko m'gululi.

Kuti Kudziwa za udindo bungwe ndi kukhazikitsa ndondomeko izi, izo m'pofunika angayike unit kuti si kugwirizana ndi ndondomeko yopanga ndi alibe chidwi ndi zotsatira za kuwunika. Okhutira ndi gulu la ndondomeko ya mumayesto mlingo wa kasitomala wokhutira mwachuluka kulimbana zimene mtundu wa ntchito chinkhoswe mu kampani, amene msika ntchito, amene ogula.