Zokwawa apulo: malongosoledwe a mitundu, makamaka kulima. The mitundu yabwino ya mitengo apulo mu Siberia ndi Urals

Sonkhanitsani kukolola wachuma wa maapulo mu zikhalidwe za Western Siberia ndi Urals ndi mabvuto chifukwa nyengo koopsa m'madera amenewa. mitengo wosakhwima ndi kutentha wachikondi zambiri amamwalira ndi nyengo yachisanu ndi chisanu returnable. Mitengo ndi muyezo kakulidwe ofukula korona zambiri zoned okha M'madera a zitunda kum'mwera ndi Choncho musadzitame kupulumuka mu malo kutentha amasiyana kusinthasintha lakuthwa. Ngati zosiyanasiyana ndi saafa, zipatso za zoipa wake ndi kukula ang'onoang'ono.

Best apulo mitundu kwa Siberia

Zinthu zopatsa chidwi, ndi bwino kukula sanali muyezo otsika kukula zokwawa mitengo. Iwo sali monga zipatso monga maapulo ochiritsira, koma mawonekedwe zachilendo zimawathandiza kutenga kwathunthu pogona pansi chivundikiro chisanu ndi amaundana. Mbande kukula otsika pansi udindo mwachibadwa, chifukwa zipatso ndi nthawi kuti zipse mwachangu, asanafike chisanu. Kuwonjezera zokwawa apulo zachilendo tione ndi yaying'ono kukula zikhale zosavuta korona yokolola. Sankhani maapulo, mungathe pamanja, popanda kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zapadera.

Best apulo mitundu kwa Siberia ndi Urals ndi: Bayan, kachikumbutso Altai Borovinka, Zheblovskoe, Melba, North Sinap. zomera yabwino ndinazolowera zikhalidwe za m'madera ozizira nyengo. Melba apulo mtengo - zosiyanasiyana Canada, yodziwika ndi zipatso lalikulu, kucha kumapeto August. Maapulo mu kalasi zasungidwa kwa nthawi yaitali, yekha kwa mwezi umodzi. Kufotokozera, zithunzi ndi ndemanga za apulo Borovinka kuti zosiyanasiyana wachikulire uyu ali kwambiri yozizira hardiness ndi wokongola zipatso zokoma zipse mu yophukira. Alumali moyo wa kawiri kuposa mu Melba - 2 miyezi.

Features kumiza mitengo apulo

Kungokhala pamodzimodzi apulo mtengo ndi korona yopingasa Kodi zotsatira za kafukufuku wawo wamaluwa Siberia, amene akhala akulakalaka kulenga mbewu imene ndinazolowera zikhalidwe m'dera kukula. Msinkhu zokwawa apulo zambiri si upambana theka mita, ndi mphukira pafupifupi pansi, unakhota tizivutika ndi chipatso. Zokolola ku chitsamba akhoza zopezera zaka 3-4 mutabzala. Wapakati moyo amayembekezeka zokwawa mitundu ya mitengo apulo ndi zaka 50. mitengo Stlantsevye - uwu si mderalo, ndi gulu la zomera, korona chimene mwapadera anapanga chifukwa cha ntchito yolemetsa ya agronomists.

Iliyonse zikhoza zokwawa. Koma stlantsev feteleza zizichitidwa zambiri kuposa mitengo muyezo. M'nyengo yozizira, zomera weramitsani pansi mpaka pamwamba nthaka anali za 5 masentimita, nthambi doko spruce, humus ndi zina zipangizo. Ngati kasupe anasungunuka chisanu, m'pofunika kuti afotokoze wosanjikiza zina pamwamba pa mtengo, ndipo pambuyo thawing mwake, pa nthawi ya kumasuka pa chivundikiro mbewu.

Kodi kusankha mmera

Maapulo mitundu zokwawa angakhale osiyana yakucha, koma muyenera kuganizira kusankha mbewu, kusankha abwino kwambiri apulo wa Urals ndi Siberia. Ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito wildings kwanuko ngati chitsa ndi Scion kuchita chilichonse zosiyanasiyana wosangalatsa. Zomera ndi makhalidwe ofanana zambiri chogulitsidwa nurseries. Kuweruza ndi kufotokoza, zithunzi ndi ndemanga za apulo Borovinka, ndi loyenereradi Scion ndi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu madera awa. Kugula mtengo wa apulo, ndi bwino kupereka mmalo zomera ndi dongosolo yaikulu muzu, masamba atsopano ndi mitengo ikuluikulu yambiri.

Konzani dothi apulo

Monga ntchito mbande yearling mtengo ndi dongosolo fibrous mizu. The awiri a tsinde ayenera 1 cm. Mizu ali kuika yamvula Wolankhula zadothi. Pamene gulu kubzala zokwawa mtunda pakati pa apulo ayenera kukhala mamita osachepera 4 padera. Sankhani malo kudziko kutetezedwa ku drafts kwa chipale chofewa m'nyengo yozizira si idachotsedwa ndi mphepo. Bwino zokolola akhoza akamagwira kukula apulo mtengo pa dziko busa.

The zigawo chapamwamba nthaka ayenera kukhala yachonde, chifukwa mtengo mphamvu amazitenga kuchokera kwa iwo. Ndi zofunika kupewa malo yonyowa, chifukwa pa-wetting a dongosolo muzu amatsogolera kuwonongeka ake. Kubzala dzenje anakonzeratu mwa kuchititsa muyezo wa chisanadze ntchito. Nthawi akadakwanitsira kubzala - chiyambi cha masika, pamene masamba pa mitengo sizinathe maluwa, kapena mochedwa kugwa, masabata awiri pamaso pa isanayambike chisanu.

Kubzala mitengo nyenyezi yaing'ono apulo

Dzenje anakumba osaya koma lonse, mudzaze ndi michere nthaka pa 2/3 kutalika. Nthaka wothira humus ndi mchere feteleza, kupanga chitunda mu mawonekedwe a chulucho a. Kubzala stlantsev ali zina: mmera adzaikidwe mu dzenje si vertically koma pa makona a madigiri 35. Top nayenso kum'mwera. Kuteteza mitengo achinyamata apulo zisaonongeke pa kupinda n'zotheka ngati upereka malo odulidwa pa chitsa kukwera pansi. Inu simungakhoze m'manda muzu kolala, kapena kuvala kuya zocheperatu. Wokwanira masentimita 5 kuchoka pansi, kapena umabala zambiri mphukira padziko katundu, ndipo m'pofunika zonse kudula. malowedwe Kugwiritsa kumabweretsa waterlogging wa khosi muzu ndi zingachititse kuwola ake.

Rootlets pamene tidakocheza ayenera kutsimikiza ndi kugawira embankment mkati bwino, ndiyeno yokutidwa ndi nthaka ndi kulisindikiza. Mmera zochuluka madzi. Per mtengo amafuna 2-3 ndowa ya madzi. Ndiye dothi mozungulira kuphimbira ntchito peat zinyalala, humus kapena manyowa. Mu kum'mwera kwa mitengo achinyamata apulo kutsekeramo mtolo wa udzu kapena udzu kupewa amayaka pa makungwa. Pamene chodzala mu mochedwa kugwa yearlings lipinde pansi ndi kukonza mbedza, kotero iwo anawonongedwa ndi chisanu m'nyengo yozizira.

Yoyenera mapangidwe zokwawa apulo

The njira yofala kupanga stlantsev ankaona Arctic ndi vwende. Mu Arctic zosinthika mbewu nthambi ndichotse malangizo osiyana, mavwende - mu mawonekedwe a zimakupiza. mitundu ina ya wamkulu apulo mtengo zimakhala lalikulu, chifukwa danga yopulumutsa mapangidwe dvuplechnogo stlantsa ntchito. Isanayambe ndondomeko kupinda, mu April oyambirira, mitengo yonse ngopatulidwa chophimba zakuthupi ndi korona wadulazo ndi mmodzi mwa atatu kukula chaka chilichonse. Mu June akuyamba mapangidwe korona.

Wood anaŵerama mokoma, akugwira malo vaccinations kulepheretsa si linathyoka. Pamaso kupanga zokwawa apulo, iwo chili ngowe matabwa. Kuteteza mbande amayaka iye weramitsani pamwamba pa nthaka n'kofunika kuti zinali ndi 5-6 cm. Care ayenera kumwedwa kulepheretsa m'munsi si arched, mwinamwake mtengo adzakula bwino. Mbali ya thunthu zimatumizidwa maphwando ndi kuliika mwa ngowe. nthambi chigoba weramitsani ndi pang'ono zopotoka kuti mapangidwe, iwo sanali kusiya. Ndi Nyamulani m'ma yophukira mphukira komanso atathana mbedza.

Pamaso pa isanayambike yozizira nyengo mbande wamng'ono hilling nthaka ndi kuteteza kuzizira a. Chaka chotsatira, pamene chisanu anabwera pansi, thunthu kukumba pang'ono, ndi ngowe kuchotsedwa. Mu August, mapangidwe a chigoba mphukira stlantsa chifukwa ali pa mphindi ino ndi kusintha kwambiri. Ulusi kudyetsedwa kwa mumbali ndi prishpilivayut.

Dongosololi amachotsa zouma wosweka nthambi, woonda kunja korona mu kasupe oyambirira kupewa shading kwambiri, ndiye impso kukhala bwino. othamanga onse ayenera yokutidwa ndi kulangiza bwino, monga mtengo uli mu nthaka. Ngati nthambi iliyonse kumalepheretsa chitukuko cha korona, uzitsine ake pa pepala lachinayi kusanduliza mu wobala zipatso. Pamene iye otrastot, kubwereza ndondomeko. Wamkulu apulo kumlambira isanayambike nyengo yozizira ayenera kukhala masentimita 25 pamwamba nthaka, kapena korona vymerznet ngati chisanu si kokwanira.

Kusamalira korona stlantsev

Chabwino-anapanga mafupa analandira pamene mphukira mtengo wamkulu saukitsidwa pamwamba. Chaka chilichonse, nthambi achinyamata chili pa nthaka pamaso hibernation, ndi m'chilimwe kuchita kudulira ukhondo. Musanayambe kudula apulo zokwawa, akonze chida chakuthwa ndipo var munda kwa glossing Spila. Mu August, pamwamba kutsina kunja kusiya kukula kwa nthambi ndi khungwa nayo nthawi kuti likuzongoka pamaso nyengo yozizira. Athanzi korona mu zaka 5-6 mutabzala. Chinthu chofunika kwambiri - kuchita ntchito zonse chaka. Izi nthawi yambiri ndondomeko, koma mwinamwake apulo ikutha kuyenda pamodzi ndi kuwasandutsa mtengo wamba.

Chotero mawonekedwe si achilengedwe mbewu, chifukwa adzatengera kukula vertically ndi nsonga kuwonjezeka. Titha kupanga mitengo zokwawa kuphatikizapo molunjika. Pakuti mmera ichi chaka chimodzi amazidulira mu kasupe oyambirira impso wachisanu, kusiya chitsa palibe masentimita oposa 15 kutalika. Akuthamanga mphukira walangizidwa mbali prishpilivayut ndi pa mtunda wa masentimita 7 Chrixitu. The ndondomeko wotsatira wa n'kupanga korona replicates njira zinazi. Zimayambitsa kwambiri nthambi thunthu zowononga kuti 1/3 la kumwamba. Koma njirayi sikawirikawiri ntchito ndi wamaluwa odziwa.

Kusamalira mitengo apulo

Posamalira zokwawa apulo mtengo? ulusi Stlantsev pa fruiting zofunika limbikitse ntchito trellis. Izi zingathandize kupewa kuwonongeka kwa mbewu ndi lawola maapulo. Zipatso za mtengo kuchotsedwa pamanja pamodzi ndi tsinde, kutenga chisamaliro kuti kuwononga masamba zipatso, ndi modekha adatchithisira mu bokosi kapena mtanga kusonkhanitsa. Pakuti yosungirako yaitali ayenera musayese kuwononga sera ❖ kuyanika pa khungu. Amathandiza maapulo kukhala atsopano ndiponso kupewa kuumitsa kunja.

Konzani apulo yozizira

mitengo apulo kwa Urals amafuna pogona kwa dzinja. Chifukwa chaichi iwo spud kuphimbira wosanjikiza ndi chonde m'nthaka 10 cm mu msinkhu. Korona kusunga za mtengo akhoza lapnikom, udzu wouma ndi masamba, kapena zipangizo zina. Zomera kutetezedwa ku makoswe, kumulowetsa kapena kuwayika makungwa Capron msampha chakupha nyambo. Chiphe ayenera kuchotsedwa m'chaka kupeŵa pecked ndi mbalame.

Imodzi mwa njira kuphimba zokwawa apulo:

• limbikitse mphukira onse chigoba eni kuti iwo sanagonjere kulemera kwa zinthu;
• yokutidwa mtengo wandiweyani minofu, monga burlap;
• m'mphepete padziko kukafika kutsogolo kwa dziko tulo;
• anaika pamwamba pa nkhungu wosanjikiza wa hessian amalimata chuma;
• kuteteza pamwamba kupeza yonyowa oilcloth;
• kulumikiza matabwa chimango, kuwaza pamwamba ndi dothi.

Mitengo ayenera amabisa thunthu, imene kutsogolo kwa malo okhala kwa dzinja. Izi kuteteza zilonda zamoto ku dzuwa masika. Chotsani chivundikiro sangakhale molawirira kwambiri, kapena apulo podmorznut ngati frosts adzabweranso. mitengo Young ali tcheru kwambiri kusintha mwadzidzidzi kutentha, chifukwa chitetezo atachotsedwa pang'onopang'ono.

Mwaukhondo kudulira ndi chisamaliro cha korona

Korona mbande ayenera kupatulira zonse kunja, imawakhudza fruiting.

Zotsatira za yokonza osasamba:

• kufala kwa matenda ndi tizilombo toononga;
• kubala nthawi ina;
• otsika kukoma khalidwe la maapulo;
• imfa ya mawonekedwe, obmelchanie zipatso.

Kuchepetsa korona ndi kuchotsa mphukira owonjezera zofunika pachaka. Mankhwalawa rejuvenates mtengo ndipo zimachititsa kuti chitukuko. Ndi maluwa zambiri pa fruiting woyamba amafuna kupatulira wa thumba losunga mazira, ngati chomera achinyamata sangathe zofunika yambiri yokolola.

Matenda ndi tizilombo toononga stlantsev

Njira mankhwala zokwawa apulo ndi yosiyana wamba. Tree makungwa ayenera nthawi zonse kutsukidwa namsongole atachuluka ndi magawowa mwayi kwa mpweya kuti mizu ndi kumana zakudya mbewu. Iwo m'pofunika kuti kuphimbira nthaka padziko zonse kupewa kufalikira namsongole. Chophweka njira kusamalira mitengo ndi korona dvuplechnoy pamene nthambi stlantsa akuuzidwa mbali ziwiri. Zimakhala zosavuta kugwira ntchito ndi apulo wamkulu lalikulu. Tizirombo zomera nyenyezi yaing'ono kuonongeka zochepa zambiri kuposa ena, kuyambira tizilombo amakonda kaye mphutsi pa msinkhu wina.

Mmodzi wa matenda ambiri a apulo nkhanambo ndi masamba ndi zipatso. Izo kumaonekera mwa mawonekedwe a mawanga akuda zipatso ndi wamwaye kuukira masamba. The matenda ikukula mofulumira zaka yonyowa, makamaka pa mitengo kwambiri unakhuthala kumene kudulira zonse korona. Zipatso za mtengo akhudzidwa kuvunda ndi masamba - kutha. Kuchiza matenda a tiyenera mankhwala apadera. Pakuti kupewa ntchito ya Bordeaux kusakaniza zonse kupopera zomera ake. Nkofunika moto masamba wagwa ndipo zipatso zonse. mitengo apulo ndi machitidwe amphamvu m'thupi sindikufuna kukhala nkhanambo, ngakhale spores wa bowa izi Ufumuyo masamba.

Other pafupipafupi matenda - moniliosis. Tisonyeza zimenezo mwa lawola zipatso, masamba ndi mphukira. mitengo Young atha kutumikira ngati chiwonetsero cha matenda lakuthwa mphukira blackening mafupa. Chifukwa ndi ofunika kuwachotsa mu nthawi, kudula processing ndi ming'alu ena phula kutumphuka munda. zonse kuwononga kuonongeka ndi kugwa zipatso kupewa.