Vologda dera, Great Ustyug (mzinda): history, zowoneka ndi kufotokozera

Great Ustyug - tauni yaing'ono, ndipo, ngati, unremarkable. Komabe, zaka zambiri kuti wachita yofunika kwambiri pa zachikhalidwe cha Russian North.

mzinda Background

Woyamba Russian kuthetsa m'dziko lino anakhazikitsidwa ndi Rostov-Suzdal akalonga mwamsanga m'ma 12. Iye ankatchedwa Gleden (Glyaden) pamene pa phiri lalitali, amene anali yabwino kusunga akuona. Koma tikudziwa kuti ngakhale zisanafike zaka 9, izo linaikidwa pa Finno-Ugric Pamudzi.

Gleden linga zambiri woterowu ndi anasefukira amatayika Sukhona mitsinje ndi South, pang'onopang'ono anthu anayamba kusamukira ku matauni yotsatira. Mmodzi wa iwo anakhala Ustyug.

Mwa njira, ofufuza ena amanena kuti dzina la mzinda, nthawi zambiri amachokera ku South ya mtsinje, monga lili pafupi m'kamwa mwake.

M'munsi mwa Angelo Michael ansembe yotchedwa

Mu zaka za m'ma 13, Rostov Wamkulu, ndi mzinda wapafupi, kuphatikizapo Ustyug, anasamukira "ulamuliro" wa Vladimir akalonga. Choncho, Vsevolod ndi Nest Big allocated cholowa mwana wake Constantine, amene anali wamkulu pa ana ake atatu.

Malinga ndi azambiriyakale, poyamba Ustyug adali munthu wamba, chenjerani kunja ndipo analibe malinga likulu. Ichi chimatanthauza kuti iye sanali ngakhale ankaona mzinda weniweni kumvetsetsa nthawi imeneyo. Koma posakhalitsa Ustiug chitukuko ali inapita patsogolo, ngati pali mwina mu 1212 Michael agulupa Angelo anakhazikitsidwa. chochitika chikugwirizana ndi kutchula koyamba za mzinda magwero olembedwa - m'masiku ndi moyo wa oyeramtima, kuphatikizapo kusimba chintchito wauzimu wa Chimonko Cyprian - woyambitsa wa agulupa lapansi.

Mikayeli Mkulu wa Angelo obisika alipo lero. Chibolibolichi wa akale zomangamanga mpingo ndi imodzi mwa zokopa alendo wotchuka osati mzinda koma lonse la dera Vologda. Mu Soviet Union, dera la obisika owonetsera zakale linakhazikitsidwa ndi okhazikika galimoto zoyendera luso sukulu. Today zovuta anabwerera ku mpingo, koma obisika apitiriza kukhala inoperative.

"Wamkulu" Ustyug

m'tauni kwambiri kwa akalonga kuti makonzedwe ake sanalekerere ndalama. Ngakhale pamene mu 1218 Ustyug unadzatengedwa ndi Volga Bulgars, mwamsanga anachira. Ambiri mwina zimenezi zinachitika chifukwa chakuti mzindawu unali m'malire a dziko Novgorod, kukhala malo achitetezo a boma Russian.

Kenako, mtengo wa Ustyug anakula yekha. Choncho, mu 1521 Mikayeli Mkulu wa Angelo obisika kalata khalidwe labwino ku Basil Chachitatu - Moscow Grand Duke. Ofunika Ustyug ndi Ivan Grozny, amene anam'panga kukhala m'modzi wa "oprichnina" m'mizinda, amene ankatanthauza maudindo ena. Panthawi imeneyi, dzina la mudzi ndipo anawonjezera mawu akuti "lalikulu."

Moto ndi kumanganso

Mtengo wake Great Ustyug anakhalabe mpaka m'ma 18. Pamene Petro njira zamalonda zasintha Russia. Amalonda a mayiko analeka kupita ku Great Ustyug. mzinda analandira udindo wa munthu zigawo. Ngakhale imfa ya Ndalama adakhalabe Odziwika matchalitchi ake akale ndi zipilala zina chikhalidwe.

M'zaka za m'ma 18 mochedwa panabuka moto angapo lalikulu pafupifupi inawonongedwa "Posad" mbali ya m'mudzi. zingapo zimene mungachite kusintha akhala akufuna. polojekiti amazindikira ntchito yabwino ya kuyeza Golubev. Ndi kwa dongosolo lino, ndipo anayamba kumangidwa Wamkulu Ustyug. M'misewu wotchuka ndi lero kusunga makhalidwe amene anapeza pa kubwezeretsa ntchito za nthawi.

XX-XXI m'zaka

Pambuyo pa October kuukira boma mumzinda anadza kwa boma la Soviet. pochimanga anali zokayikitsa kufunika kwa Great Ustyug: mumzindawu inasanduka malo ofunika maphunziro (University chinamasulidwa mu 1922), analamula mu makampani mafakitale. Koma pa nthawi yomweyo, Bolsheviks anawononga ambiri mipingo akale ndi nyumba zina, potero kupangitsa kuwonongeka kwambiri kuti maonekedwe pachiyambi mapulani a m'mudzi.

Mu Zakachikwi latsopano, takambirana za tsogolo la kusintha m'mphepete kachiwiri. Osati ntchito osachepera mu izi nyimbo ndi makonzedwe a mzinda. Great Ustyug pang'ono ndi pang'ono kukhala malo wotchuka alendo a Russian North. Kuti zimenezi zitheke, mahotela latsopano ndi maofesi zosangalatsa ndi wokongola onse akuluakulu ndi ana pali mukumangidwa.

zowoneka

Great Ustyug (mzinda wa ulemerero ndi wokongola) kwa nthawi yaitali ndipo amati ndi panja owonetsera zakale. Pali anakhalabe kwambiri wa nyumba m'ma 19 (Usov kunyumba Okhlopkova etc. -. A angapo nyumba), komanso mpingo Baroque wa Simeona Stolpnika (m'ma 18). maulendo mokakamizidwa woyeneradi Cathedral Court kumene Mfundo Cathedral, kachisi opaleshoni kulankhulana. Procopius Olungama, nyumba Bishop a m'nthawi ya 18, ndi nyumba zakale munda.

handicrafts

Mwa zokopa, mungathenso kutchula mbewu "Severnaya Chern". Chifukwa malonda ake mawu "Vologda dera", "mzinda wa Veliky Ustyug" wodziwika mu madera ambiri m'dziko lathu lalikulu, ndipo mwina akutali malire ake. Pali kubala zosiyanasiyana alendo ndi yasiliva ndi blackening wapadera. luso Izi wowerengeka chinayamba m'zaka za m'ma 17, ndipo ngakhale ndiye chokongoletsera Wamkulu Ustyug mokondwera ankavala osati olemekezeka pa bwalo la Russian Tsar, komanso kunja.

Ndipo apa, kampani umagwira "Veliky dongosolo" lomwe tikugwira kuluka wa birch makungwa ndi utoto pa izo.

"Kwawo wa Santa Claus"

Nanga kukhala mbuye m'nyengo yozizira koma mu Russian North! Mu 1999, aliyense ankadziwa kuti ngakhale mutu wa dziko la Santa Claus ankanena mizinda ya ku Russia, Great Ustyug ankaona abwino kwambiri za ntchito imeneyi.

"Mumakhalako" wa wokondedwa ana Fairy-nthano ngwazi - ndi ntchito zokopa alendo, amene amakopeka chaka chilichonse mzinda, anthu masauzande ambiri kuchokera ku dziko lonse. Mwa chimango ake unachitika zosiyanasiyana zochitika ndi mpikisano. Komanso, Santa Claus imalandira makalata ochokera kwa ana. Chief mfiti Russia, ndi njira, ana ochokera m'mayiko ambiri analemba. Aliyense kalata imatengedwa kofunika, ndipo ngakhale addressee sakhala wopanda mphatso.

Kuwonjezera mzinda okhala ndi m'nyumbayi ndi makalata, ndi dziko "patrimony wa Santa Claus" pafupi ndi mudzi. Kumeneko, ana adzakomana ndi wamatsenga yekha ndi mdzukulu wake - Snow Buthu. Mozungulira mwanaalirenji matabwa nsanja anamanga paki, maulendo a polandira otchulidwa Fairy-nthano, mwawo ana masewera, mikuluwiko ndi nkhani za moyo maphwando a nthawi.

Onetsetsani kukaona Great Ustyug! Mbiri ya mzinda wonse, inu mukudziwa, ndi kudziwa zambiri mungathe pa m'nyumbayi m'deralo. Ndipo musaiwale kubweretsa ana anu. Kodi ukhoza kukhala wosangalala kwambiri kuti ana kuposa ulendo kukaona Grandfather Frost!