Tuberose: kubzala ndi chisamaliro mu panja, makamaka kulima komanso ayamikira

Tuberose, kapena polianthes tuber, mmera umene pachabe wotchedwa "mfumukazi ya usiku", chifukwa madzulo oyambirira fungo chakumwa wobwezera munda waukulu. Izi fungo m'zaka khumi zapitazi ndi limodzi mwa mtundu ndi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mafutawa. nyakulima aliyense adzakhala chidwi kukula pa tuberose, kubzala ndi chisamaliro mu zakutchire kumbuyo chimene chingathe ndithu, nkhani malamulo.

Origin ndi malongosoledwe a duwa

kumene anabadwira, Mexico, komwe iye anabweretsa m'zaka za m'ma 16, pamene izo zinapangidwa malongosoledwe loyamba tuberose. Polianthes (m'Chigiriki. "Chonyezimira maluwa") koma atanthauzira kuti subfamily wa banja agave katsitsumzukwa, ali okwana 13 mitundu.

The tuberose wotchuka anapeza m'nthawi ya 19, umene kutamandidwa alimi komanso alakatuli ntchito zawo. Amene ndi maluwa akukumana kubadwa kwake kwachiwiri, zodabwitsa kukongola onse ndi yosangalatsa kununkhira. odula Tingafinye kuti ndi kuwapeza maluwa ake, ntchito popanga wa makampani otchuka mafutawo dziko "Gucci" ndi "Dior" kubala ndi mafuta enaake ndi onunkhira nkhuni.

Ndi zomera osatha kukhala bulbous tuber zochokera mizu yolimba, ndipo masamba angapo woyambira pamodzi kubwereketsa lapansi. Msinkhu angafikire wamkulu tsinde masentimita 50-100, ndipo masamba - 30-40 cm.

Mu Russia polianthes m'minda lotseguka ntchito mu madera kum'mwera (Crimea, Krasnodar Gawo). Komabe, mu zigawo chapakati, mu Vol. H. mu dela la mzinda, wamaluwa ankachita masewera bwinobwino zikugwira kulima ake.

Tuberose zimafalitsidwa makamaka tubers ndi moyo utumiki wa zaka 2: chomera choyamba ayenera kukula bwino ndi kupeza masamba ndi mphukira, ndi chaka chachiwiri cha maluwa kumachitika, kenako mayi tuber akamwalira, koma apatsa moyo kwa ana anapereka.

maluwa

Nthawi ya maluwa akuyamba mu July zimatha mpaka October. Maluwa, ili pamwamba mu mawonekedwe a khutu ndi kuchuluka kwa inflorescences (zidutswa 30) ndi waxy wandiweyani phula. Flower kukula - 5-6 masentimita yaitali ndi 3-4 masentimita awiri. Pa kukula kwa masamba iwo adzatulutsa osangalatsa kwambiri ndi amphamvu fungo. Kwa zaka zingapo chifukwa cha masankhidwe anasonyeza mosiyanasiyana ndi mithunzi ya mitundu: Terry, pinki, wachikasu, wofiirira, nsomba ndi chibakuwa.

Maluwa pa phesi wina ayamba pachimake ku gawo pansi peduncle lapansi. Tuberose, kubzala ndi kusamalira kutchire kuseri kwake akutsatiridwa molondola, pachimake pafupifupi 3 milungu, kusunga zabwino kukongoletsa tione ndi fungo. Ngati kudula maluwa, maluwa iwo angakhoze kuima pafupifupi 2 masabata, ndi Kuwonjezera a viniga mu madzi yaitali. Pambuyo maluwa anapanga kapisozi ndi mbewu mosabisa.

Tuberose: kuswana kufotokoza, chisamaliro

Kubalana tuberose n'zotheka 2 njira: mwa mbewu ndi zikhawo bulanchi. Ambiri ntchito njira - chulutsa ndi kugawikana kwa tubers. Kumapeto kwa nyengo ya tuber mayi anapanga za 10-20 ana-mababu, imene akuyesetsa kukula kwa masentimita 2 kale kukhala wamkulu payokha.

The mababu zabwino kukumba kunja atagwa umafota mbewu yokha, kenako ayenera kutsukidwa kwa nthaka ndi mankhwala njira ya permanganate potaziyamu ku mabakiteriya. Kuzisunga mpaka masika bwino mu chipinda ozizira pa 10-15ºS, kuwayika gawo lapansi mu chisakanizo cha mchenga wouma ndi utuchi.

Tinatake tozungulira bwino asanadzalemo mu February anabzala mu peat kapena osakaniza a manyowa, zimene mchenga, ndi humus mu muli lapadera kwa mbande akuya 3 masentimita, kusiya kunsonga pamwamba pake. Distillation zimatenga nthawi: mbande kuoneka pokhapokha masabata 3-4, anaika mabokosi mu malo owala ndi ofunda ndi madzi nthawi zonse.

Pakuti kulima bwino tuberose kubzala ndi chisamaliro ndi zofunika kwambiri. Pansi lotseguka tinatake tozungulira zingabzalidwe kokha pamene anaopsezedwa akudutsa frosts kasupe ndi kuzizira, ndi kutentha mpweya osachepera 10 ° C. Tuberose wakonda dothi kuwala ndi ulimi wabwino. Asanadzalemo mu nthaka ndi bwino kuwonjezera manyowa kapena humus.

Mtunda pakati pa zomera pa kubzala - 25 cm, kupereka danga kwa mapangidwe ana latsopano ndi aliyense anali chakudya chokwanira. Pamene chodzala patali ndi ana waukulu masentimita 15, yaing'ono - 10 cm, kuya kwa embedding cm 2-3.

Bzalani Care

Nkofunika mutabzala tuberose ndi chisamaliro kutchire kuonetsetsa zinthu mulingo woyenera wabwino kukula ndi maluwa zambiri:

• polianthes - chomera kutentha wachikondi ndi amakonda nthaka lonyowa, choncho ayenera nthawi zonse madzi ndi madzi ofunda, kuonetsetsa kuti nthaka sakutero youma, ndi chinyezi si kudziunjikira, zimenezi zingachitike kwa muzu zowola; ..
• nthawi iliyonse kuthirira kupanga kwambiri kumasula mokwanira ndi kutsatira pamwamba pa tuber sanapeze dziko;

• ayenera nthawi zonse kupha udzu mozungulira zomera anabzala;
• podkarmlivaniya ntchito zosakaniza zovuta, kutenga nkhani yakuti chomera sakonda asafe owonjezera; Njira - kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza organic 2-3 pa nyengo: yomweyo pambuyo chodzala ndi tubers ndi pamaso maluwa;
• .. Pofuna kupewa thickening anakhazikitsa zomera pofuna polianthes ufulu kwambiri;
• pambuyo maluwa (mochedwa September - oyambirira October) ulimi wothirira ayenera anasiya, ndi zikhawo otsalafe kuti zipse kwa nthawi yaitali zikuyamba yozizira;
• kukumba zisa ndi timabamputimabampu mu October pamaso chisanu.

Kuvomereza ndi mbali ya chisamaliro

Pali malamulo ochepa amene angatithandize imathandizira maonekedwe a zimayambira mu chaka choyamba cha moyo wa mbewu.

Features chisamaliro ndi kubzala tuberose:

• ana tuberous akhoza anapambulwa pa babu waukulu kale m'chilimwe, uyikidwa padera, chimene chidzakula kugwa kale wokonzeka zakuthupi, amene chaka chamawa adzakhala pachimake;
• zomera kugwa, lomwe kale chinazimiririka, kuziika mu mphika ndi kuika mu wowonjezera kutentha kapena pakhonde ofunda kwa mwezi umodzi mpaka likukhalira chikasu ndi kupukuta tsinde lonse, yekha ndiye ana bwino wakucha kukumba ndi kugona pansi kwa yosungirako;
• kubzala Spring tikulimbikitsidwa kuti ana payekha yekha otedinitsya iwo kuchokera babu mayi, mwinamwake iwo amachedwetsa kukula.

Matenda ndi tizilombo toononga

Tuberose, kubzala ndi chisamaliro kutchire kuseri kwake akutsatiridwa motsatira malamulo, amakhala si atengeke matenda, koma zimene deters tizilombo Fungo lamphamvu lamankhwala fungo la maluwa. Komano, mwakanthawi pali milandu kuukira kwa tizirombo (akangaude, nsabwe), kugonjetsedwa kwa botrytis. Pamene zizindikiro za matenda (mdima mawanga pa masamba, etc.) Bzalani ayenera kusonyezedwa fungicides.

M'chaka ayenera kutetezedwa medvedok amene mukufuna kuti afooketse anabzala tubers yotsegula pansi.

Kugwiritsa tuberose panagona malo

Kokongola ndi choyambirira tikumanunkhiza chomera adzakhala azikongoletsa munda aliyense maluwa, kumene mukhoza pamodzi ndi mitundu zina zambiri. Mulingo woyenera anansi - Gladiolus, amene mofanana ndi kulima njira. Tuberose zambiri pachimake mtsogolo pang'ono ndi kukhala Oyendetsa gladioli, kupereka bedi pa maluwa mosalekeza.

Polianthes ndi phesi mwachilungamo mkulu wa maluwa kukwera, chifukwa kutsogolo kwa iwo akhoza anabzala maluwa otsika-kukula kapena zomera masamba.

Azikongoletsa makonde ndi loggias ntchito miphika ndi tuberose, wautali kusangalala kukongola ndi kununkhira. Komabe, osavomerezeka asiye mu malo bwino mpweya wokwanira, T. Kwa. Fungo amphamvu akhoza kukhumudwa zimakhudzira anthu atengeke.