Triac: ntchito Mfundo ntchito chipangizo ndi kasamalidwe

Kuchokera m'nkhani, muphunzira zimene triac, mfundo ya ntchito chipangizo ichi, komanso mbali ya ntchito zake. Koma choyamba, ndi ponena kuti triac ofunika - n'chimodzimodzi wa thyristor (yekha moyenera). Choncho, simungakhoze kuchita popanda m'nkhani kufotokoza mfundo za machitidwe a thyristors ndi zizindikiro zawo. Popanda kudziwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri pa sizigwira ntchito kupanga ndi kumanga ngakhale ulamuliro chiwembu yosavuta.

thyristors

The thyristor ndi kusintha michenga yopangira zida zamagetsi chipangizo, okhoza anadutsa ziliri pa njira imodzi yokha. Nthawi amatchedwa valavu ndi kujambula analogies pakati ndi chiwongolero diode. Mu thyristor ali malo atatu, imodzi - kulamulira elekitirodi. Izi, kuziyika izo ziri, batani mwa amene kusinthitsa amafotokozera mu mode kuchititsa. Nkhaniyi tidzakambirana wapadera nkhani ya thyristor - triac - yomanga ndi ntchito madera zosiyanasiyana.

Thyristor - ndi rectifier lophimba ndipo ngakhale mkuzamawu chizindikiro. Nthawi zambiri ntchito monga ulamuliro (koma choncho pamene Kulumikizana lonse akudyetsedwa ku gwero voteji AC). thyristors onse zina zomwe muyenera kukambirana mwatsatanetsatane.

katundu thyristors

Pakati pa ambirimbiri a makhalidwe a chinthu michenga yopangira zida zamagetsi akhoza kudziwa lofunika kwambiri:

1. Thyristors ngati diodes, amatha kuchititsa ndi magetsi mu njira imodzi yokha. Pankhaniyi, iwo ntchito mu dera ngati munthu rectifier diode.
2. Kuchokera PA boma pa za thyristor mwina kumasuliridwa kutsatira mbendera ulamuliro elekitirodi ndi maonekedwe enieni. Choncho mapeto - ndi thyristor masiwichi ngati pali awiri limati (khola onse). Mu njira yomweyo ndipo ungatithandizire ndi triac. Mfundo ntchito mtundu pakompyuta kiyi potengera ndi wosavuta. Koma pofuna kuti kubwerera ku dziko lotseguka pachiyambi, m'pofunika kuti zinthu zina zimapezeka.
3. Panopa ulamuliro chizindikiro chimene chofunika kwa galasi tinganene thyristor kuchokera mode zokhoma kwa lotseguka, kutali zosakwana ntchito (kwenikweni amayezedwa milliamperes). Izi zikutanthauza kuti thyristor ali ndi katundu wa mkuzamawu panopa.
4. N'zotheka zabwino kusintha pafupifupi panopa likuyenderera mu katundu zikugwirizana, malinga katundu chikugwirizana pa mndandanda ndi thyristor a. Zoona kusintha zikudalira kutalika kwa ulamuliro elekitirodi chizindikiro. Mu nkhani iyi, thyristor amachita monga mphamvu yang'anira.

The thyristor ndi matabwa ake

Thyristor - ndi michenga yopangira zida zamagetsi mfundo ali ndi ntchito ulamuliro. The galasi tichipeza zigawo zinayi tsa ndi N mitundu amene taphunzira. Mu njira amamanga ndi triac. Mfundo ntchito, ntchito, kapangidwe ka zinthu ndi zofooka za ntchito tikambirana mwatsatanetsatane m'nkhani.

Kapangidwe anafotokoza amatchedwanso zinayi. P-m'mphepete m'dera dongosolo chikugwirizana thereto zabwino polarity osachiritsika a gwero mphamvu, wotchedwa anode. Choncho, dera yachiwiri N (komanso kwambiri) - ndi cathode. Kuti amanena oipa magetsi voteji.

Kodi katundu wa thyristor ndi

Ngati kusanthula wonse dongosolo la thyristor, n'zotheka kupeza mmenemo atatu kusintha (zinthu zosiyanasiyana za dzenje). Choncho, dera lofanana akhoza kupangidwa pa transistors michenga yopangira zida zamagetsi (kumalo ozizira, ochititsa kuti munda) ndi diodes, moti kumvetsa khalidwe la thyristor pamene mphamvu kulamulira elekitirodi.

Ngati kumene anode ndi wachibale zabwino cathode, ndi diode chatsekedwa motero thyristor komanso khalidwe chimodzimodzi. Pankhani ya kusintha polarity wa onse thyristor diodes nkani amadziwikanso zokhoma. Mofananamo, Triac ndi ntchito.

Mfundo zikugwira ntchito ya zala, ndithudi, kufotokoza n'kovuta kwambiri, koma tidzayesetsa kuchita izo.

Kodi potsekula thyristor

muyenera khutu ku dera lofanana kwa kumvetsetsa mfundo za machitidwe a thyristor lapansi. Mwina wapangidwa transistors awiri (transistors). Pano pa ilo ndipo ndi yabwino kuganizira ndondomeko thyristor mfuti. Iyo imakhala ena panopa umene ukufika mwa thyristor ulamuliro elekitirodi. Pamene panopa izi kuchepetsa patsogolo malangizo. yatsopano iyi imatengedwa dongosolo zikuluzikulu zomwe transistor a tsa-n-p.

Choncho, wokhometsa panopa zidzakhala kwambiri mu nthawi (zofunikira ulamuliro mtengo panopa kuchulukitsa ndi phindu la transistor a). Ndiponso, Tingaone kuti mtengo wa m'munsi watsopano wa transistor chachiwiri ndi conduction dongosolo tsa-n-tsa, ndipo sanakiyidwe. Choncho wokhometsa watsopano wa transistor chachiwiri ndi wofanana ndi mankhwala a akupeza wa transistors ndi poyamba preset ukutsogolera. Triacs (mfundo ya ntchito ndi kasamalidwe ali m'nkhani) ndi katundu zofanana.

Komanso, panopa izi ziyenera mwachidule ndi kale mwachindunji ulamuliro dera panopa. Ndipo ndendende phindu kuti mukufuna kusunga transistor woyamba m'chigawo omasulidwa. Zikatero, pamene ulamuliro panopa ioneka transistors awiri nthawi imodzi zimalimbikitsa. Internal Os akupitiriza kukhala madutsidwe ake ngakhale panopa koyamba zidzathawa pa ulamuliro elekitirodi. Pa nthawi yomweyo pa anode wa thyristor ndi wapezeka mwachilungamo mkulu phindu panopa.

Kodi zimitsani thyristor

The kusintha kwa boma linatseka wa thyristor ndi zotheka zinachitikira kwa lotseguka kulamulira selo elekitirodi si ntchito chizindikiro. Pamene panopa ili akutsikira chikuperekedwa wina wotchedwa hypostatically zikusinthira (kapena m'ndende panopa).

The thyristor ndi iyimitsidwe ndipo ngati pali disconnection mu dera katundu. Kapena pamene voteji ndi umagwiritsidwa dera la (kunja) amasintha polarity ake. Izi zimachitika kumapeto kwa aliyense mkombero theka pamene dera ali zoyendetsedwa kuchokera AC gwero.

Pamene ntchito thyristor dera DC, potseka zingatheke polola lophimba yosavuta kapena mabatani mtundu makina. Izo zikugwirizana ndi katundu pa mndandanda ndi ntchito De-mphamvu dera la. Ndipo ofanana opaleshoni mfundo za mphamvu yang'anira pa triac pa, Komabe, pali zina mu dera la.

Njira kutali thyristors

Komabe, lophimba akhoza olumikizidwa ku kufanana, ndiye ntchito kumachilambalala anode panopa ufika, ndipo thyristor ndi kunditumiza ku boma zokhoma. Mitundu ina ya thyristors akhoza anazimitsa kachiwiri, ngati inu kutsegula kulankhula n'kuyamba. Izi zingathe kufotokozedwa chifukwa chakuti pa kutsegula kwa ojambula ndi parasitic mphambano capacitance thyristor anasonkhanitsa mlandu, potero kulenga kusokonezedwa.

Choncho, zofunika kutaya n'kuyamba moti pakati pa cathode ndi elekitirodi kulamulira. Izi adzaonetsetsa kuti thyristor ndi anangotsika bwinobwino ndipo wanyamula panopa adzadulidwa. Nthawi zina kuti mayiko ndi ntchito bwino ndiponso kudalirika ntchito m'malo mwamwambo wothandiza thyristor kiyi. Dziwani kuti ntchito ya triac ndi ofanana kwambiri machitidwe a SCRs.

triacs

Ndipo tsopano kuyandikira kwa nkhani za - ayenera kuonedwa mwapadera nkhani ya Thyristor - Triac. Mfundo ntchito ndi ofanana ndi ake kuti ankaona kale. Koma pali kusiyana ndi mbali khalidwe. Choncho m'pofunika kulankhula za izo mwatsatanetsatane. The triac ndi chipangizo patsinde pa zomwe ndi michenga yopangira zida zamagetsi krustalo. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri mu kachitidwe kuti ntchito pa alternating panopa.

The tanthauzo losavuta pogwiritsa - n'kuyamba, koma inatheka. Mu boma linatseka, ilo ntchito chimodzimodzi ngati lophimba lotseguka. Pamene mbendera umagwiritsidwa ntchito pa ulamuliro elekitirodi chipangizo triac limapezeka kusintha kwa lotseguka boma (conduction mode). Pamene ukugwira ntchito mu mode ichi, inu Pali kufanana ndi magetsi, amene ojambula atsekedwa.

Pamene mbendera ndi kwina dera ulamuliro, mu aliyense wa nthawi theka (kugwira ntchito mu AC madera) pali kusintha kuchokera Open mode triac mu m'nyumba. Triacs ankagwiritsa ntchito mode kulandirana (mwachitsanzo, mu mapangidwe masiwichi photosensitive kapena thermostats). Koma nthawi zambiri ntchito mu kachitidwe mphamvu liziyenda pa mfundo za gawo ulamuliro voteji pa katundu (owongolera yosalala).

Kapangidwe ndi ntchito triac ndi

Triac - palibe kanthu ngati thyristor symmetrical. Choncho, potengera dzina, tinganene - n'zosavuta m'malo thyristors awiri, omwe ali m'gulu la odana yomweyi. Kwina kulikonse kuti amatha kudutsa panopa. Pa triac ali zitatu zikuluzikulu linanena bungwe - ulamuliro, kwa chizindikiro kupereka ndi zofunika (anode, cathode), kotero kuti adutse mafunde ntchito.

Triac (mfundo ya ntchito kwa "dummies" kuti zinthu michenga yopangira zida zamagetsi anapereka kwa tcheru chanu) lidzatsegulidwa pamene chikhomo kupewa osachepera chofunika mtengo panopa. Kapena ngati pamene maelekitirodi ena awiri a kusiyana angathe kuposa mtengo malire.

Nthawi zambiri, voteji owonjezera amachititsa triac kuti kumayambika zokha pamene pazipita matalikidwe a kusowa voteji. The kusintha kwa boma linatseka amapezeka mu nkhani ya kusintha polarity wa panopa zikugwira ntchito kapena kuchepa kwa mlingo poyerekeza ndi likhale panopa.

Kodi kuti tidziwe triac

Pamene zoyendetsedwa ku mains ndi AC kusintha modes ntchito ndi kusintha polarity mu voteji pa maelekitirodi ntchito. Pachifukwa ichi, malingana ngati polarity wa ziliri pa ulamuliro, mukhoza kusankha mitundu 4 njirayi.

Kuganiza pakati maelekitirodi ntchito voteji umagwiritsidwa ntchito. A ulamuliro elekitirodi voteji wa chizindikiro mosiyana ntchito dera la anode. Mu nkhani iyi, anasintha nusu triac - zikugwira ntchito mfundo, monga mmene taonera, ndi wosavuta.

Pali 4 quadrants, ndipo aliyense wa iwo anatsimikiza panopa kumasulidwa, posungira, kulolerana. Choyambitsa panopa ayenera anakhalabe mpaka nthawi monga yaitali ngati sadzakhala upambana kangapo (2-3) ndi mtengo wa likhale panopa. Kuti ali panopa ndi triac yowotcha - osachepera chofunika panopa kumasulidwa. Ngati ife kuchotsa kulamulira dera panopa, ndi triac adzakhala boma conductive. Komanso, mode ichi adzathamanga mpaka nthawi monga nthawi yaitali monga ziliri pa dera la anode kwambiri panopa m'ndende.

Kodi zoletsa ndi woyikidwa ntchito Triac

N'zovuta ntchito pamene katundu ndi inductive. Mlingo wa kusintha voteji ndipo panopa ndi zochepa. Pamene triac masiwichi kwa mode zokhoma kutsegula, pali panopa kwambiri mu dera kunja. Voteji alibe kusiya nthawi yomweyo kuti malo mphamvu ya triac lapansi. mphamvu A adzakhala yomweyo kukula nufikira mfundo ndithu mkulu. Mphamvu imene ankakhala moyo wotayirira, chifukwa malo ang'ono kumawonjezera kwambiri kutentha kwa michenga yopangira zida zamagetsi lapansi.

Mu nkhani ya choposa mtengo zino ndi chiwonongeko cha galasi chifukwa cha kwambiri mofulumira nyamuka panopa. Ngati triac, lomwe liri mu chikhalidwe zokhoma kutengera mavuto ndi kudula kuonjezera, padzakhala njira kutsegula (pakalibe kulamulira dera la chizindikiro). zodabwitsazi zingaoneke chifukwa chakuti mtengo kudzikundikira amapezeka mkati capacitance parasitic wa michenga yopangira zida zamagetsi lapansi. Komanso, mtengo panopa ali ndi mtengo wokwanira kuti tidziwe triac.