The ulamuliro wa boma - ndi chiyani ichi? Ndipo ndichiyani kumaonekera?

Ife tonse tikudziwa mawu ambiri kuti ulamuliro wa boma - ndi luso la boma ake kusankha zinthu zofunika payekhapayekha magwero kunja, motsogozedwa okha tiganizira phindu anthu. Komabe, tiyeni tikambirane mwatsatanetsatane za mbiri ndi chikhalidwe cha zodabwitsazi.

Akamanena za maganizo

The ulamuliro wa boma - ndi brainchild wa ganizo ndale European masiku ano. Potsiriza inkayenda pakati pa XVII m'ma Westphalian dongosolo la mgwirizano wa mayiko amene anatuluka pambuyo Zaka Makumi Atatu nkhondo mu Europe. Ndiye mfundo ya ulamuliro boma wafika zikutanthauza luso maboma dziko (ndiye mfumu) kuchita zinthu zosemphana ndi tchalitchi cha Katolika. Ndithudi, mu Ages Middle mpingo unali pafupifupi yosatheka chikoka mu Western ndi Europe Central. Mafumu anakakamizika kuyeretsa mphamvu zawo ndi agwirire zochita zawo ndi Papa, nthawi zambiri kusintha kwa zinthu zake. Nthawi ya kuunikiridwa ndi umunthu anabereka osati kuti ubwenzi kwa munthu (ndipo monga chotsatira cha kugwa udindo mpingo), koma ndi atsopano kotheratu ndale ndi malamulo ufulu States. Yotsirizira amalola maboma dziko kupanga kanthu yawo yachilendo ndi mfundo zoweta mogwirizana ndi zofuna zake zokha yekha. zodabwitsazi ndi pa nthawi yomweyo kumaonekera m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, Mtheradi boma ulamuliro akhale kunja ndi mkati. ufulu kunja kumapereka lingaliro ufulu a zochita za khalidwe padziko lonse: atchedwe nkhondo, mapeto a zinthu zosiyanasiyana kujowina midadada ndi zina zotero. Motero, mkati ufulu - luso la boma kuchita momasuka mwa dziko lawo, mu chuma, chikhalidwe, maganizo, ndale, ndiponso zotero. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti ulamuliro wa boma - chimodzi chabe mwa njira ulamuliro. Ndithudi, yotsirizira mwina ntchito osati kwa maphunziro pagulu komanso pa anthu palokha kwenikweni.

The ulamuliro wa boma - ndi ulamuliro national

Kamvedwe ano malamulo a ufulu wa mayiko bwino lomwe pakati pa ulamuliro wadziko ndi otchuka. Ganizo loyamba anabadwa, anthu omwewo a masiku ano, ngakhale mawonekedwe komaliza chapeza okha kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma XIX. Kwenikweni, nthawi yomweyo, pamene iwo potsiriza anapanga mitundu European. Misa dziko kayendedwe ufulu wa anthu, amene analibe boma (cha m'ma XIX - ndi Hungarians, Czechs, Poland, mu zoyambirira za m'ma XX - ndi Ukrainians, Chibasiki, Irish, Kurds, etc.) zinachititsa otchuka mfundo zoti umoyo ndale kuti mtundu uliwonse ali ndi ufulu kukhalanso. Ndiko kuti, chilengedwe cha boma lawo. Ndi kupyolera mu maphunziro tingasonyezere zolinga zake apamwamba zokhudzana ndi kukumbukira zakale, kudzera ndale, citukuko ndi zina zotero.

ulamuliro otchuka

mtundu wina wa ulamuliro m'chilamulo ano mayiko ndi anthu. Iye anabadwa ngakhale kale dziko. Akamanena za zodabwitsazi lagona pa mfundo yakuti magwero ndi chonyamulira mphamvu yayikulu kwambiri khalidwe linalake ndi anthu (ngakhale kale izo ankaona kuti ufulu chopanda malire a mfumu, wotumizidwa kuchokera kumwamba), ndipo aliyense ndondomeko mkati ndi kunja ayenera zagwiridwa ndi chilolezo ndi kumafuna zofuna zake.