The State Russian Museum: mankhwala "Black Square", "ndi chinayi Wave", "masiku otsiriza a Pompeii" (chithunzi)

The State Russian Museum ku St. Petersburg - Kutolere yaikulu ya zojambula za akatswiri Russian, ali zidutswa zoposa 400 zikwi. Chotero mndandanda wa Russian luso dziko kulibenso.

Creation wa Museum Russian

Lamulo pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa nyumbayi inafalitsidwa mu 1895. Kuti zimenezi zitheke, a Mikhailovsky Castle ndi munda anagulidwa padziko, ndi utumiki, ndi mapiko. Mwa lamulo la ntchito yonse kale yotengedwa ndi nyumbayi, simungathe kugulitsa kapena kusamukira aliyense. Iwo ayenera kukhala mu zopereka. Mu chaka cha 1898, boma Russian Museum linatsegulidwa alendo. St. Petersburg zaka zitatu kuyang'ana patsogolo ku mwambo umenewu. Iwo anapatsidwa ntchito ku Academy of Wabwino Tirhana, ndi Hermitage, ndi Zima Palace, ndi zopereka payekha. Koyamba kukhudzana sanali kwambiri.

pambuyo zisinthe

Yosonkhanitsa nthawi zonse Polemeretsedwa bwereza malo owonera zakale chifukwa Kuwonjezera nthambi yatsopano. Pa nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse onse a ntchito yofunikira kwambiri anasamutsidwa ndi ..silinaona. Amene anakhalabe mu mzinda anazinga, akhala mosamala mmatumba ndi kusungidwa mu zapansi. Iwo anakhalabe kwathunthu wawo. The State Russian Museum ndi kupirira kwathunthu woterowo ntchito yamasewera - kupulumutsa chionetsero lonse, lomwe kale zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho zoposa zikwi zisanu ndi ziwiri.

owonetsera zakale Msinkhu

Akufika zikukangalika anawaonjezera 50 ntchentche. Ine anaika State Russian Museum, ndipo amagwira ntchito Mikhailovsky Palace ndi opanga 'Castle, mu Benois Mapiko, komanso nyumba zina. Iwo ali gawo la luso lakalekale ndi ntchito yaulere ya Rublev, Dionisiyo ndi amisiri ena angapo oyambirira ndi mochedwa Ages Middle. Masitolo State Russian Museum, ntchito zaka 18-m'ma 19. chithunzi limasonyeza ntchito ya wotchedwa Dmitry Levitsky "Chithunzicho E.I.Nelidovoy". Mpake amanyadira Museum ndi malizitsani kujambula chithunzichi anapereka kwa alendo. Malowa maina ndi mayina aluso athu odziwika ndi waluso adzatenga kwambiri m'mlengalenga. Monzama woimira State Russian Museum ntchito za m'ma ndipo m'ma 19, ntchito ya amisiri "World wa Art" ndi amisiri futurist, amenenso ndi kunyada kwa nyumbayi. A chipinda lonse zoyenera ntchito za A. Benoit, wojambula, mbiri luso, wokongoletsa. Mu chithunzi, AN Benoit "perete mu ulamuliro wa Paulo Ine». M'nyumbayi ali zojambula aluso Soviet wa nthawi zonse Soviet Union. Panopa, izo amatenga ndipo akusonyeza ntchito za latsopano State Russian Museum, sagwirizana nazo. Dipatimenti imeneyi wodzipereka kwa zochita atsopano, analengedwa pafupi zaka makumi atatu zapitazo.

kupenta wotchuka

Ndi "Black Square" m'buku la. The State Russian Museum anagula kale ndi kudziwika ndi anaika mu Benois Mapiko. Pangani manyazi chinali ntchito aluso futurist, kenako supermatistov kukopa tcheru. kuloŵedwa m'malo awo anali Herostrat kuti kukhala zikope za, anatentha kachisi. Chikhumbo chachikulu cha Malevich ndi otsatira ake - kuononga zonse zimene ife kuchotsa tatchulazi zonse, ndipo tsopano tichita chiyani luso pa oyera, kuphwa malo kutenthedwa. Poyamba, Malevich anapanga wakuda lalikulu ngati chidutswa cha zokongola chifukwa opera. Patapita zaka ziwiri, analenga chiphunzitso, kutsimikizira kuti ali woposa onse (supermatizm), ndipo wokanayo chirichonse, mawonekedwe ndi chikhalidwe. Monga pali luso popanda.

Chidwi chionetsero cha 1915

Mu "0,10" anasonyeza anali zojambula, wopangidwa mwa mabwalo, mitanda, mabwalo, ndipo mu chipinda ngodya pamwamba, kumene popachika mafano, Malevich anapachika apakati. Kodi chinthu chofunika? A lalikulu kapena malo amene anapachikidwa? Kumene, malo kunali kofunika kwambiri kuposa zimene limachokera, makamaka mukamawerenga kuti kudalembedwa "kanthu". Imeneyi "kanthu" m'malo mwa Mulungu. Izi zinali zofunika kwambiri. Zinali phenomenally luso kulima kusuntha, ndinaganiza kuti kumapeto, chifukwa si kuti pali akufotokozedwa. mawu chinali - kanthu, makala, opanda mdima m'malo mwa Mulungu. "M'malo mafano, imbaenda ku kuwala - njira mu mdima, zimaswa, mu chapansi, mu dzenje" (Tatyana Tolstaya). Art ndi akufa, apa ndi chidutswa cha zamkhutu m'malo. Ndinu okonzeka kulipira ndalama pa izo. "Black Square" ndi Malevich - si luso, ndi waluso kuchita luso kwambiri Wogulitsa. Ambiri mwina, ndi "wakuda bokosi" - maliseche mfumu, ndipo izi ndi ofunika akulankhula za, osati za kuya kwa kumvetsa dziko. "Black Square" - osati luso, chifukwa:

Kodi pali tanthauzo la talente?

Kodi luso pali? Aliyense akhoza kujambula lalikulu.

Kodi pali kukongola? The wowerenga ayenera yaitali kuganiza zomwe izo zikutanthauza, ndipo sanamvetse.

Kodi pali kuphwanya miyambo? Palibe mwambo.

Choncho, ngati ife kuyang'ana mmene izi, ife tingakhoze kuwona chimene chachitika ndi zikuchitika ndi luso zosemphana ndi kudzipereka kuti akuyamba akaonekere kwa nzeru, ndicho, "Ine yaitali ankaganiza kuti kuchita zimenezi zinali zochititsa manyazi, ndipo ine ndinazindikira" . A munthu wabwinobwino akudzifunsa: "N'chifukwa chiyani ankachita zimenezi? Ndinkafuna ndalama, kapena ndikanafuna kuti ena mwa maganizo ake? ". Funso la kudzipereka adanyamuka chifukwa wojambula akuganiza, mmene malondawo nokha. Kuchita zinthu zachilendo ndi luso kumaliza irrelevance, ndi kudzipereka aluntha amachokera ku mutu osati mtima. Malevich ndi ilk ake kufunafuna njira zoipa ndi malonda, tsopano anamuukitsa kwa kutalika kwa katswiri. Nkofunika kubweretsa pansi chiphunzitso chake chilengedwe ndi kuwonjezera oseketsa yaitali dzina ochenjera kuti ndikofunika kuposa fano. Luso anthu wathu ankaona kuti ena chifukwa kuti munthuyo si bwino. Popeza wauzimu mu "wakuda bokosi" anthu ambiri kukaikira. Chizindikiro cha nthawi ndi malonda aluso ndi "wakuda bokosi." The State Russian Museum sakanakhoza kuphonya chotero "kulankhula" ntchito.

Drama panyanja

Mu 1850, Aivazovsky analenga zikuluzikulu kupenta "chinayi Wave". The State Russian Museum tsopano poyera ntchito imeneyi. Wamphamvu yoweyula likuoneka pa wreckage lapansi. Anthu kwake chithunzi ichi ngati oyendetsa Kalanga amene kuyenda bwino mlongoti, pali pang'ono oyenera kusambira, amasowa tigwiritsitse ake, pamene funde la nkhanza akufuna kuyamwa. maso athu ali bifurcated. Iwo anatenga kuwuka kwa yoweyula yaikuluyi. Tingalowe ndi mphambu poyenda ndi mayeso voteji ake pakati pa zisa ndi mphamvu yokoka, makamaka nthawi imene nsonga ndi wosweka ndi funde ndi n'kukhala thovu ndi. kutsinde The umalimbana amene analowa mchitidwe uwu wa madzi popanda kupempha. Oyendetsa ndi mphamvu yogwira ntchito, zomwe likulowerera kudzera mafunde. Mungayesere kuganizira njanji imeneyi chithunzi cha mogwirizana chilengedwe, monga chithunzi cha osakaniza amafunika madzi ndi dziko, amene ali wosawoneka, koma alipo mu malingaliro athu. Madzi - amafotokozera za madzimadzi, zimasintha, anasintha, ndi dziko lapansi ndi chinthu chachikulu cha chiyembekezo nkomwe. Mu mtundu umenewu chingatilimbikitse kuti ntchito yogwira omvera. Ichi ndi chithunzi cha chilengedwe chonse, chomwe chili mwa Edene. Mafunde m'chizimezime amaoneka ngati mapiri okutidwa ndi nkhungu, ndipo iwo ali modekha mobwerezabwereza kuyandikira kwa wowerenga lapansi. Zimenezi zimabweretsa kulamula rhythmic zikuchokera. Kukwapula mtundu, wolemera mu mithunzi ya pinki ndi chibakuwa mu mlengalenga, ndipo zobiriwira, nsaru m'nyanja, analasidwa ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa likutuluka, onyamula chimwemwe ndi chidaliro. Chimodzi mwa zinthu zofunika koposa cha zopereka ndi ntchito zachikondi, "chinayi Wave". The State Russian Museum ali mwaluso lolembedwa ndi achinyamata Aivazovsky.

Mavuto pansi

Ngati m'mbuyomu chithunzi zinthu ziwiri zinali zotani, madzi ndi mphepo, yotsatira chinsalu kuchita anaopseza lapansi ndi moto - ndi "masiku otsiriza a Pompeii." The State Russian Museum zimenezi ndi Msonkhano wa Academy of Tirhana. Olembedwa mu 1834 ndipo anasonyeza ku Roma, chithunzi anapanga pakati Italy, kenako Russian omvera zotengeka. Pushkin, Gogol, Baratynsky zoyenera mizere kuchokera pansi pamtima. N'chifukwa chiyani ili yofunika kwambiri masiku ano? kayendedwe pulasitiki kumabweza mitu ndi matupi, mphamvu ya phale zokongola chithunzicho nakhalanso zochitika za zaka za makedzana. Tikugwira zinachitikira owopsya a anthu amene ali pafupi kumwalira chiphalaphala moto chifukwa cha kuphulika chiphala, ndi chibvomezi champhamvu. Kodi lero zoopsa zimenezi? Wangwiro chakale mtundu wa mankhwala, akhale mmisiri wamkulu, amabweretsa m'maganizo mayina a ojambula zithunzi High Kubadwa Kwatsopano. Chaluso Karl Briullov analanda kukongola kwake, ngakhale kuti pali akufotokozedwa imfa ya chitukuko akale.

Museum masiku ano

Poyamba m'nyumbayi wopangidwa ndi yachifumu, ndiye tsopano ndi gulu loyimba lonse, okongola, pokhala pakati chikhalidwe, monga zochimwazo kumathetsa ntchito sayansi ndi maphunziro. Kuchokera mu kuya kwa zaka anabwera kwa ife kuti zotsatira za amisiri lalikulu. Classic, zachikondi zoweta, mtundu wanyimbo amasunga State Russian Museum ntchito. Photo akutionetsa nyumba yaikulu - ndi Mikhailovsky Palace. okhalamo Izi anamangidwanso kusunga burashi ntchito ya ambuye.

Gulu loyimba moyandikana ndi nyumba yachifumu

The State Museum Russian atakutidwa mu zipilala asanu kamangidwe ka zaka 18-19, omwe amathandizana m'chilimwe ndi Mikhailovsky minda, komwe alendo akhoza amasirira osati kubzala mosamalitsa zonse za zitsamba ndi mitengo, komanso ziboliboli chabwino. The nyumba owonetsera zakale ali oongoka pazithunzi, komanso kupereka ntchito zina lecturer, mafilimu a kanema, Intaneti kalasi, ndi cafeteria, wokonzeka kuti akomere olumala.