Dzina lake Aleksandr Benua: yochepa mbiri ndi zilandiridwenso

Wotchuka Russian wojambula dzina lake Aleksandr Nikolaevich Benua (1870-1960) anabadwira m'banja lotchuka, kumene kuwonjezera anali ndi ana asanu ndi atatu. Mayi Camille Albertovna Benoit (Kavos) anali mapangidwe woimba. Atate - wotchuka wamanga.

Dzina lake Aleksandr Benua, yonena (lalifupi): ubwana ndi unyamata

Ubwana wa wojambula tsogolo unachitikira St. Petersburg. Apo iye analembetsa sukulu patokha Karl May, amene panthawi zosiyanasiyana anamaliza mamembala 25 a mtundu Benoit. Akamaliza maphunziro a zachikhalidwe, Alexander anapitiriza maphunziro ake ku mphamvu ya St. Petersburg University ndipo mu kufanana kupitanso kukaphunzira pa Academy of Wabwino Tirhana. Komanso, wophunzira, mnyamata Benoit adadziwa ngati wolemba ndi wotsutsa, kuwonjezera Mutter buku "History of Art European" mutu luso Russian. Mu nthawi kuchokera 1896 mpaka chaka cha 1898, dzina lake Aleksandr Benua amakhala ndi kugwira ntchito mu France. Ndi "Versailles wakuti" zinalembedwa kumeneko.

"World wa Art"

Mu chaka cha 1898, pamodzi ndi SP Diaghilev, dzina lake Aleksandr Benua bungwe kuyanjana "World wa Art" popanga buku lomweli. Amaphatikiza ojambula zithunzi ngati odziwika bwino monga Lancer, Diaghilev ndi Bakst. Mamembala a gulu bungwe chionetsero imene anatenga gawo Roerich, Vrubel, Serov, Bilibin, Vasnetsov, Korovin ndi Dobuzhinsky. Komabe, si amisiri onse lopambana abwino "World wa Art". Makamaka, Repin si kutikonda kwambiri kampani, ndi Benoit wotchedwa theka ophunzira, bibliographer ndi curator wa Hermitage, ngakhale nawo zisudzo.

"Russian Nyengo"

Mu 1905, dzina lake Aleksandr Benua anapita ku France. Kumeneko, kuphatikizapo chongoganiza, ndi kuvina gululo "Nyengo Russian" unakhazikitsidwa, lotsogoledwa ndi Diaghilev. Benoit anali mkulu wake luso mu 1911 adalenga akhala zokongola otchuka kwambiri padziko lonse la sewero la "Petrushka" ndi Stravinsky. Ndipo ochepa mukudziwa kuti chithunzicho sikuti cholinga chuma komanso zathandiza kulemba libretto kwa opera.

Bwererani ku Russia

Mu 1910, chithunzicho anatulutsa "Guide to the Hermitage." Baibulo limeneli anali kukwaniritsidwa za ntchito yake monga luso wotsutsa. Patapita zaka zingapo, dzina lake Aleksandr Benua ndalama zawo anagula mu Crimea, Sudak m'dera la Dziko limene anamanga kanyumba komwe kupuma ndi ntchito. Zojambula ndipo zithunzi kumeneko zimapezeka zakale ambiri Russian. Mu nthawi ya Soviet, atachoka ku France, pamene zinadziwika kuti Benoit sadzabwerera, ndi Archive mukusungira Crimea Nyumba ya ojambula, kukaperekedwa kwa Russian Museum, ndi katundu ndi mipando anagulitsa pa yobetcherana.

Moyo Soviet Russia

Pambuyo utasintha, pa umboni wa Gorky dzina lake Aleksandr Benua, chithunzi chimene anapereka m'munsimu ndinkagwira Komiti ya Chitetezo cha Cultural Luso, kuyang'anira Hermitage komanso kuchita kalembera wa zisudzo m'mabwalo ambiri: Mariinsky, Alexandrinsky ndi Bolshoi Drama.

Komabe, zimene zikuchitika m'dzikoli ndi zokhumudwitsa kwambiri chithunzicho. Kuchokera lipoti A. V. Lunacharskogo pa 09/03/1921, mu pempho kwa chinsinsi №2244 anasonyeza kuti iye anathandiza kusintha, koma pambuyo pake akakhumudwa ndi mavuto, ndipo anasonyeza kusakhutira ndi Chikomyunizimu kulamulira owonetsera zakale ntchito pa chiyambi cha zisinthe. Kenako Commissar analemba kuti Benoit si bwenzi boma latsopano, koma monga mkulu wa Hermitage ali misonkhano yayikulu mtundu ndi zaluso. Chidule Lunacharsky anali: makhalidwe a akatswiri a zojambulajambula ndi wodula ayenera kutetezedwa.

onyamukira

Osokoneza maganizo boma latsopanolo kutumikira moyo wamtsogolo ndi ntchito ya Benoit. "Ukwati wa Figaro" - ntchito chotsiriza pa Leningrad Bolshoi Drama Theatre, amene ankachitika ndi chithunzicho asananyamuke ku dziko.

Mu 1926, Lunacharsky dzina lake Aleksandr Benua ayamikira yonena umene pa zaka zaposachedwapa ndi zonse za masoka, anapita kukachita bizinesi ntchito mu Grand Opera House ku France. Kumuletsa kuti Paris, Commissar kudziŵa bwino zimene zinali kuchitika mu malingaliro ake. Benoit ankati akaweruka kuti tibwerere ku Russia, koma pa mapeto a June 1927 Lunacharsky anafika ku Paris. Kuchokera kalata wojambula kuti FF Nortau motere kuti commissar anthu anamukakamiza iye kuti abwerere kwawo. Mu wocheza, iye anati chosowa ndalama ndi zinthu kugwira ntchito ndi analangiza kudikira mu France mpaka kusintha zinthu.

Choncho Benoit sanabwerere ku Russia.

Zaka zomalizira za moyo wake

Wambiri Aleksandra Benua anapitirizabe kulemba ndi kale kutali ndi kwawo, koma Paris nthawi imeneyi kunapezeka kwambiri abwenzi ake ndi anzake. wojambula anapitiriza ntchito ndi cholinga chilengedwe m'mabwalo zambiri, analemba mabuku ndi zojambula. Iwo tira limodzi ndi mwana wake Nicholas ndi mwana Elena. Dzina lake Aleksandr Benua anafa Paris mu 1960, pang'ono asanafike zaka chikumbutso 90 chaka. Iye anasiya ndalama yaikulu ntchito mabuku ndi Maulendo. Pa moyo wake dzina lake Aleksandr Benua, yonena ndi zilandiridwenso omwe inextricably zogwirizana ndi Russia, unakhalabe ndi patriot odzipereka ndipo anayesera kuzipanga izo chikhalidwe wotchuka padziko lonse.

moyo

Dzina lake Aleksandr Benua anakwatiwa. ana wokwatiwa munabadwanso mwana Helen ndi mwana Nicholas. Onse ojambula zithunzi. Benoit mu 1924 pa kuyitana kwa ku Opera National anasamukira ku France. Iye anasamukira ku Italy, kumene kwa zaka zambiri (mu 1937 mpaka 1970) anali mkulu wa ulimi gawo mu Milan La Scala. Ukugwira kulembetsa chuma, zomwe zambiri anapanga ndi atate wake, ankagwira ntchito m'mabwalo ambiri otchuka mu dziko, analenga zisudzo atatu nyengo mu Bolshoi Theatre mu Moscow. Elena mwana lamanzere Soviet Russia ndi bambo ake Paris mu 1926. Iye anali mmisiri wotchuka, ndi zojambula ake awiri anapeza boma la France. Mwa ntchito zake ndi chithunzi cha BF Chaliapin ndi Zeboyimu Serebryakova.

Okumbukira zojambulajambula wotchuka, amene anapanga zopereka kwambiri luso kuchita chinakhazikitsidwa ndi mphoto mayiko kuvina lokhala ndi dzina lake. Pa Peterhof pali kufotokoza odzipereka kwa iye.