The ndege "Lachiwiri-204": ndemanga. ndege Civil

"Lachiwiri-204" ndi sing'anga-osiyanasiyana mwakwera ndege. makina anayamba kupanga mu zaka 80 mu Dipatimenti ya mamangidwe Tupolev. Mothandizidwa ndi Mlengi wake anafuna m'malo lotha pamene "Lachiwiri 154". Pali zosintha osiyanasiyana la ndegeyo: VIP-Baibulo, galimotolo katundu ndi wapadera. The ndege "Lachiwiri-204" akukumana chitetezo chonse mfundo mpweya ndi phokoso, kotero zitsanzo izi zikhoza unathandizira pa dziko lonse lapansi. More pa lino.

kamangidwe

The ndege "Lachiwiri-204" - ndi cantilever monoplane yachibadwa chiwembu. mapiko ake yosesa ndi wotsika ndithu. Ake awiri injini turbojet wokwera pa pylons wapadera. malo awo zili pansi pa phiko. Ichi chimapereka chitsanzo kalembedwe chosiyana. Kumapeto kwa aliyense phiko anakonza winglets. Izi zimathandiza kuchepetsa ndi kuukoka anachititsa ndi kukula Nyamulani. Komanso, zili ndi kutseka kuti uchiwo usatuluke awiri slotted. Awa ndi mbali zofunika. Komanso, slats ali pano. Iwo zonse kubala katundu la ndegeyo. Iwo zili pamodzi m'mphepete utsogoleri wa mapiko a. The galimotoyo ali miyendo itatu ndi mphuno strut. Kapangidwe ka powerplant kumaphatikizapo RB211-535E4 kapena 2 turbofan "PS-90A"

nkhani

Pambuyo ndege Russian yapachiweniweni singaimitse ntchitoyi "Lachiwiri 154" ndege akubera kwa zaka zapitazi 2, mu 1973 ku Dipatimenti ya Design Bureau anayamba ntchito m'tsogolo m'malo chitsanzo ichi. Poyamba, anali akufuna Sinthani zozama "Lachiwiri 154" ndi kukhala zosiyanasiyana masanjidwe, ndi njira zosiyanasiyana latsopano. Ndipotu asayansi anasankha mu mtima trimotored chitsanzo lonse thupi, yomwe ankati - ndege "Lachiwiri-204".

polojekiti ovomerezedwa ndi boma mu 1981. Mnthawi ndondomeko imeneyi, okonza anasiya injini mchira. Ndiye kubwereza asilikali. Chifukwa, izo aakulu tsiku inakonzedwa ndi ndegeyo.

Pa chitukuko, asayansi zikukangalika ntchito njira nzeru mamangidwe ntchito kompyuta amagetsi. Pofuna kusankha mulingo woyenera kuuluka bwino potsatira njira kasinthidwe mu mipope zina zapadera, amayenera kuzifufuza ambiri a zanyengo. Komanso, kuchepetsa kulemera ndi kuwonjezera mphamvu ya unit wopereka ntchito zipangizo gulu. ntchito yawo kulemera kwa chitsanzo si zosakwana 14%.

Pamene kamangidwe inatha, ndege "Lachiwiri-204" anayamba kutulutsa malonda pa Ulyanovsk Aviation Makampani ovuta dzina la Ustinov D. F. Ichi ndi mfundo zoona. A ndege yoyamba "Lachiwiri-204", ndemanga zimene zinali zabwino, anamanga mu Moscow m'deralo ndi odziwa kwambiri kupanga ASTC. A. N. Tupoleva ndi UAPK.

mayeso

Zimenezi nawo 2 zinachitika. kachitidwe Special pa bolodi chitsanzo kuchitika pa nthandala ambiri.

Kumayambiriro kwa January 1989 panali ndege yoyamba ya ndege ananena. The ndege "Lachiwiri-204" anavula ku airfield "Ramenskoye". Yachokera pa zotsatira za mayesero anapangidwa kamangidwe ka patsogolo zina. Ndipo bwino luso kupanga. Pankhaniyi, zinthu zimenezi linaperekedwa kwa kuonetsetsa kuti ntchito yatsopano dongosolo yadigito. Amve m'dera zimenezi zinachititsa kuti chifukwa positive. Akatswiri yapangidwa options 23 bolodi dongosolo chotero kulamulira ntchito chiongolero. Aliyense wayesedwa kuti kudalirika ndi zoyesa ndege. Zonsezi zinkafuna nthawi yaitali. Komanso, pa nthawi imeneyo anayamba mavuto azachuma mu boma. Zimenezi zinachititsa chakuti ndalama kwa pulogalamu yafupika. Chifukwa, mawu amene kuchuluka kupeza zikalata zofunika ndi mayeso.

Mu 90 bajeti ndalama za polojekiti kwathunthu anasiya. Izi zinachititsa kuti mbuu wa chitsimikizo kuyezetsa, ndi ndege "Lachiwiri-204", limene liri anayenera kuphunzira kukonza amafunika mapiko.

Monga tanenera kale, chifukwa chakuti mu 90s ndi mmene chuma chikuyendera mu dziko lafika poipa kwambiri, bajeti ndege mayeso anali pafupifupi chitakonzedwa. Kuti amalize ntchito pamwamba, asayansi anali kuchita zinthu zodabwitsa. Mwachitsanzo, iwo anavomera kunyamula katundu kwa Malipilo. Pa anayesedwanso mofanana kunachitika mu kufanana kwa flights malonda. Zimenezi zinachititsa kuti ntchito kumaliza ndalama ntchito. Pambuyo khama, asayansi anali amatha kupeza Kalata zofunika mu 1994.

yokumba

Kumapeto kwa February 1996 zinachitikadi ndege yoyamba ya malonda latsopano pamaziko a ndege anati. The ndege "Lachiwiri-204" zouluka "Vnukovo Airlines" ku likulu kuti Mineralnye Vody.

Iwo anali ankaganiza kuti "Lachiwiri-204" wolowa m'malo mwa "Lachiwiri 154". Komabe, dontho mwadzidzidzi ndalama makampani ndege zachititsa kuti chisokonezo kutsirizitsa kwa ndege, ndipo kuchepetsa mlingo wa ulimi. Zotsatira - ochepa zitsanzo za makampani ndege, kukwera mtengo kwa zida zosinthira ndi kukonza pafupipafupi downtime. Zonsezi zinachititsa kuti akuponya mpikisano wa ndegeyo anati, makamaka poyerekeza ndi kumadzulo Airbus-320 ndi Boeing-737, watsimikizira kwambiri ndalama ntchito ndi mtengo.

Mu 2000s, osabala palibe zitsanzo zosakwana 10 chaka chilichonse. Monga ulamuliro, makasitomala awo anali mabungwe.

Kuyambira pamene wayamba kuŵeta, ndicho mu 1990, tinaona kuwala 75 ndege "Lachiwiri-204" Kusiyana osiyana. Mu February 2013 mwachangu opareshoni okwana mayunitsi mpweya 50 a m'banja limeneli.

ziyembekezo

Poyamba, chikutanthauza ndege "Lachiwiri-204" ndi unlucky kwambiri. Malinga ndi ndondomeko kuyambirira opanga, iwo ankayenera kuti apange chachikulu, ndipo kupanga ake anamanga mtundu mbewu yatsopano yomwe ili mu Ulyanovsk. Komabe, monga taonera kale, pambuyo kugwa kwa USSR zosowa za makampani ndege anayamba kuthera kwambiri ndalama zochepa. Msika chuma alowa m'malo mwa chizolowezi. Chifukwa, "Lachiwiri-204" ndege asintha ntchito kumadzulo wopanga za makina. Komanso, chitsanzo zinthu zambiri inatha pa nthawi. Chimodzi mwa zifukwa kuti anasiya ntchito, anali kuti gulu la "Lachiwiri-204" Amakhala ndi anthu 3, pamene aircrafts ano tiyenera 2. yekha iyi imalimbikitsa pamaso pa zina ndalama chifukwa ntchito yokonza oyendetsa lapansi.

Amene limapanga 10 zitsanzo izi chaka. Pa nthawi yomweyo, monga ulamuliro, iwo ali otchuka mu Arctic, "Russian" ndi Air Force. Chifukwa chakuti Ulyanovsk ndi Kazan ndege mafakitale sangathe misa-zokolola ndi utumiki wapadera, ndege "Lachiwiri-204" mulibe kufunika zikuluzikulu ambiri makampani. Komabe, malinga ndi akatswiri, chitsanzo atsopano a "MS 21" tithe kupikisana ndi chotengera yachilendo "737". Malinga ndi nkhani zaposachedwapa onyamula lalikulu, monga Red Mapiko ndi "Transaero" kawirikawiri inanena kuti akufuna kugula mayunitsi mpweya wa mtundu mwachindunji. Izi zikusonyeza kuti m'malo otchuka ndi ndege "Lachiwiri-204", ndemanga Katswiri zomwe zimasonyeza kuti ndi molawirira kwambiri Udindo kuti m'mbuyomu nkhani siteji aviakonstruktorskogo. KLA ndi Utumiki wa Makampani kuti aganyali limanena ndithu mu ntchito imeneyi, yomwe unalipo pa pepala. Zikuphatikizapo "MS 21", inyamuka kuti amasulidwe pa mzere yekha mu 2020.

Kufotokozera za makhalidwe luso la ndege "Lachiwiri-204"

Pankhaniyi, talingalirani zotsatirazi:

• Adalira - 3 anthu.
• Awiri turbofan injini - "PS-90A".
• Yendetsani chala / phiko m'dera anali 42,0 m / 184,17 m².
• Kukula kwa kutalika / kutalika la ndegeyo - 46.0 / 13.9 m.
• zofunika kulemera (Max) / kanthu - 94 600 makilogalamu / 58 300 makilogalamu.
• Payload - 21000 kg.
• Ikuthamanga kwambiri ndi 830 Km / h.
• Denga zothandiza - 12 100 m.
• pazipita osiyanasiyana 2.900 Km.
• Pamaso pa kupisa makilogalamu 16.140.
• Kulemera kwake: pazipita kudzachitika wolemera / ankafika - 94,6 T / 47 mamita; mawerengeredwe zithetsedwe 58,3 m.
• Malonda chovomerezeka katundu - matani 21.
• Flight osiyanasiyana monga ku 3700 Km.

zosintha

Panopa, pali miyambo ina yofanana angapo wagawo izi mpweya. Aliyense wa oyambitsa amenewa ntchito bwino kuti apeze mukufuna. Kenako, kuyang'ana pa iwo pang'ono.

"Lachiwiri-204"

Monga tanenera kale pamwambapa, zofunika kulemera kwa nkhani m'munsi ndi 94.6 m. Nthawi yoyamba m'ndegemu "Lachiwiri-204" amene chithunzi anapereka m'bukuli, anauka 17 August 1990 (inakonzedwa flights) mu mlengalenga. Komanso, katundu wakhala anayamba buku la chitsanzo. Chiwembu ndege "Lachiwiri-204" ndi pazipita analongosola okonza. Payload wa njira imeneyi si upambana matani 30.

"Lachiwiri-204-100"

chimake uyu ali ndi injini "PS-90A" ndi avionics Russian. nchito zake si mkulu. Iyi ndi mfundo yofunika kwambiri. kanyumba "Lachiwiri-204-100" akhoza kumakhalamo okwera 210. The chitsimikizo ndege zimenezi zinachitika yozizira 1995.

"Lachiwiri-204-200"

chitsanzo ichi ndi kusinthidwa "wa Lachiwiri-204-100". Okonzeka ndi ndege ili ndi akasinja zina mafuta, zomwe ndi zofunika kwa osiyanasiyana kwambiri. Ndiponso anthu aluso Ulyanovsk mbewu "Aviastar" anamanga yekha wagawo limodzi anati gulu chiwerengero RA-64036. Tsopano chitsanzo kamapangikira Kazan.

"Lachiwiri-204-120"

"Lachiwiri-204-120" ndi "Lachiwiri-204-220" ali motero zosintha "Lachiwiri-204-100" ndi "Lachiwiri-204-200". Iwo amakhala okonzeka ndi avionics kumadzulo ndi injini RB211-535E4 (2 × 19 500 kgf) - British zopangidwa Rolls-Royce. luso unapangidwa kukuza ogula katundu wa chitsanzo, amene choyamba anaulukira ku August 1992. Kunja otumiza hayala ndege ku Egypt Cairo Aviaton anapanga pa ndege izi kuyambira 1998. Pambuyo pake, izi Tupolev ndege, amene ali chithunzi m'lembali, kwa China. The cockpit chitsanzo ino mu Baibulo English. Izi facilitates yobereka ku mayiko ena. Anati mpweya wagawo kwa nthawi yoyamba mu mbiri ya ndege Russian anali mbiri yabwino malinga ndi mfundo zina European.

"Lachiwiri-204-300"

chitsanzo ichi (poyamba - "Lachiwiri-234") ali adzafupikitsidwa kuti mamita 6 poyerekeza ndi tanthauzo yaikulu ya fuselage lapansi. ndege Izi akhoza kumakhalamo zosaposa okwera 162, koma poyamba mwachidwi, kukhalamo mipando 142 mu ndegeyo "Lachiwiri-204-300" zidzasankhidwa motere: 8 bizinesi kalasi ndi 134 - chuma. oyamba Izi ndi zofunika. Izi imasonyeza kalembedwe wapadera kusinthidwa izi, "Lachiwiri-204". Malo abwino, ndithudi, adzakhala labizinesi. Limeneli liyenera udaikidwa mu yofanana atatu. ankathawa osiyanasiyana ndi 9250, 7500 ndi 3400 Km. Chifukwa, "Lachiwiri-204-300" anamuzindikira monga ndege yoyamba ndi injini awiri, amene angathe kupanga ndege ku likulu la Russia kuti Vladivostok mosalekeza. Malire kudzachitika-kuchokera kulemera kwa ndegeyo anali tonnes 107,5 mu zida za chitsanzo ichi ndi :. avionics Zapakhomo "KSPNO-204 'ndi Motors awiri" PS-90A ". Kwa nthawi yoyamba, "Lachiwiri-204-300" anatera mpweya mu August 2003, kenako anagwira chionetsero pa Azamlengalenga amasonyeza "MAKS-2003". Wogulitsa anali 14.05.2005, ndi likhale kupanga ake siriyo wakhazikitsidwa pa Ulyanovsk fakitale "Aviastar".

"Lachiwiri-204-300A"

Izi ndege wamba ntchito zoyendera utsogoleri kwa mtunda osati choposa 9600 Km. Lachitsanzo accommodates okwera 26 okha. Refueling - matani 42.

"Lachiwiri-206"

ndegeyo ali osauka akatswiri. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti zida anati ntchito monga mafuta liquefied gasi. aircrafts zinayamba kubala pamaziko m'ndege monga "Lachiwiri-204-100". Vuto limodzi mu nkhani iyi ndi mayikidwe muli mpweya kuti zofuna buku ndithu.

"Lachiwiri-214"

chitsanzo ichi ndi kusinthidwa wa "Lachiwiri-204". Zolemba malire kudzachitika-kuchokera kulemera kwa wagawo wakhala kuchuluka kwa 110,75 m, ndi kukula kwa payload -. Matani 25,2 The kusinthidwa ndege katundu wakhala mbiri yabwino malinga ndi mfundo Russian "AP 25" omwe zogwirizana ndi Western mpaka 25 ndi mtsuko -252. kupanga siriyo unakhazikitsidwa Kazan aviaobedinenii iwo. S. P. Gorbunova. Choyamba kuchokera chitsanzo ichi chinachitika mu 1989. Iwo anayamba kukhamukira ndege izi Soviet Union yapachiweniweni ndege mu 1997 chokha. Ndiko kuti, pambuyo pa kugwa kwa Soviet Union. Mu April 2010, ndege zinayamba kubala yekha spetskomplektatsii. Koma kulenga mu Baibulo malonda anaimitsidwa, chifukwa sinali opindulitsa. Ngakhale kupeza chidwi ndi chinaneneratu onyamula akaphatikiza lalikulu - "Transaero".

"Lachiwiri-204SM"

Izi ndi ndege kwambiri kumatheka "Lachiwiri-204". Poyerekezera ndi "Lachiwiri-204-100" zofunika pazipita ake kulemera zambiri kuchuluka. Komanso mu chitsanzo ichi akweza avionics. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, chiwerengero cha anthu ogwira ntchito zochepa anthu awiri, kuchepetsa mipando pa ndege "Lachiwiri-204" ndipo adasiya chombo popanda pa bolodi injiniya. Izi zichitike mogwirizana ndi zitsanzo mchitidwe padziko lonse kalasi.

Komanso, ndege "Lachiwiri-204SM" kakusintha kusintha zinthu zina.

1. Wamakono wa turbofan "PS-90A2." Izi anali limodzi ndi kuchepa mu mtengo wa mkombero moyo ndi kukula kukonzanso ndipo anatumizidwa mayunitsi gwero ndi zinthu zina (yotentha mbali - 10000 m'zinthu ndi kuzizira - mpaka 20,000).
2. Kusinthidwa APU "TA-18-200". Pankhaniyi, izo kuchuluka okwera poyambira ndipo kuthamanga. Iwo unayamba zipangizo zatsopano, zomwe amachita ntchito zofunika lolingana zina zofunika oyembekezera ndi panopa ICAO ndi kulamulira ku Ulaya.
3. Akweza galimotoyo. Kamangidwe tiganizira anatengedwa chifukwa zinthu zonse zogwirizana ndi airframe gwero.
4. ndi kanyumba wakhala bwino.
5. Yafupika adalira 2 ndege.
6. Izo yapangidwa ndi ikuyembekezera unsembe kasamalidwe dongosolo obschesamoletnymi mayunitsi (EMS). Komanso, bwino kukonza ndi diagnostics.
7. Modernized dongosolo: Energy Opulumutsa, hayidiroliki, mafuta ndi mpweya.

Kumapeto kwa December 2010 anagwa pansi pa ndege kuyesedwa "Lachiwiri-204SM." Iwo anali ikuchitika ndi choyenera mayeso woyendetsa Viktor Minashkin. Zimenezi anapita bwino. Komabe, mayesero onse mwachindunji kusinthidwa ndege kunachitika ndi kuchedwa pang'ono. Pa msonkhano atolankhani woyang'anira wamkulu wa ndege mbewu SERGEY Dementiev anauza omvera kuti mayeso ndege chitsanzo ichi chakhala inakonzedwa December 17, 2010. Komabe, anatsindika kuti ntchito pa khamu la ndege la mtundu uwu ayenera kuperekedwa ndandanda.

"Aviastar-SP" kampani mpaka 2016 mapulani kubala 44 ndege "Lachiwiri-204SM" chotengera, anafuna Red Mapiko Airlines ogwira ntchito yaikulu. Malinga ndi mfundo kuyambirira, ndi ndalama za polojekiti ili allocated osachepera $ biliyoni 1.8.

M'katikati mwa January 2012 pa wotchuka Ulyanovsk ndege nyumba kampani pansi pa dzina "Aviastar-SP" anapanga ndi wachiwiri Nduna ya Russia. Malinga wotchedwa Dmitry Rogozin, ndi chitsimikizo latsopano ndege "Lachiwiri-204SM" mtundu zonyamula adzatha June, ndi pakati pa chaka tikhoza kulankhula za ulimi wake siriyo.

chifukwa

Nditawerenga pamwamba, munthu akhoza ndendende ndi lingaliro la zimene ndege akufotokozedwa, ndi zina Kusiyana kwake kulibe. Cacikulu Tupolev ndege kwathunthu zogwirizana ndi mfundo zina. Panopa mayunitsi mpweya wa banja kusangalala kufunika ndithu. Luso ndi ntchito makhalidwe a zipangizo za mtundu uwu ali pa mlingo woyenera. Komabe, kutukula lekani ndi kupitiriza kusintha mtundu wa ndege.