The kusanthula mbiri ngongole. Loan mbiri - ndi ...

Mwa zizindikiro zofunika kwambiri ntchito za malonda banki - mbiri ngongole. Zimakhala zovuta kwambiri ndipo amafuna moyenera kumasulira zizindikiro uli m'bukuli. Koma, ngakhale kuti tikambirane ngongole zake mbiri, magombe nawo nthawi zonse. The kuthetsa vuto izi - ndi mfundo yaikulu ya dzuwa la kosamalira ndalama. ndi dongosolo la mbiri yaitali bwanji? Kodi ndingatani kupenda zizindikiro uli m'bukuli?

The limatchula wa mbiri ngongole

Loan mbiri - ndi, mukatsatira mmodzi wa otchuka pakati ofufuza mfundo Russian, bwino kwambiri ngongole ku banki (kapena nkhani zina za polojekiti malonda), amene anauka chifukwa cha mabungwe ena kapena kwa anthu ngongole. Njira kudziwa mtengo wa chizindikiro lolingana akhoza kukhala osiyana kwambiri.

Mwachitsanzo, ofufuza ena amakhulupirira kuti mbiri ngongole pazikhalanso chidwi correlative ndi ndandanda zonse alipire, pamene ena amakonda motsimikizika monga iye yekha ngongole yaikulu ndi mbali zina za ngongole za - masamu ndi chilinganizo wapadera. Mkangano - amatamanda gulu akhoza abwezere ngongole patsogolo ndandanda ndipo alibe kulipira chidwi kwambiri.

Kulunjika kusanthula mbiri ngongole

Analysis wa mbiri ngongole n'chofunika kwambiri mwa mawu a potaya mtendere wa bungwe logwirizana ndalama. chakuti mtundu uwu wa bungwe malonda kupanga zambiri za phindu, monga ulamuliro, mwa ngongole. Komabe, n'kofunika osati kuchuluka kwa ngongole kwapatsidwa kwa mabanki, komanso mmene malangizo kudzakuthandizani masamu borrowers. Choncho, munthu wa i fungulo limene kudziwa ubwino wa ngongole mbiri ya gulu la ndalama - ndi solvency wa anthu amene amapereka ngongole. Iwo akhoza anatsimikiza zochokera zosiyanasiyana zizindikiro.

Pankhani mabungwe alamulo, angakhale:

- zolowa ndalama;

- mlingo panopa ngongole katundu kumalo a ntchito;

- ndi kulunjika wa zimenezi chinsinsi, ndi zinthu zina kuonetsetsa mtendere wa ndalama;

- ngongole mbiri.

Ponena za udindo wa anthu zachilengedwe borrowers, luso kulipira akhoza zochokera:

- malipiro ndi;

- mtendere wa kampani ntchito;

- mlingo panopa ngongole katundu;

- okhutira wa mbiri ngongole.

Monga magwero yoganizira wotsatira mwina ntchito ngati kwapakati pa-zikalata, ndi anthu amene amasonyeza mogwirizana ndi banki borrowers yeniyeni. Koposa zonse, ichi ntchito pangano ngongole (zomwe nthawi zambiri zili ndi mfundo zambiri zokhudza kasitomala).

Loan mbiri - ndi chizindikiro cha ngongole nthawi, kuchuluka ndi mawu a profitability, akuti pa maziko a mfundo za pangano ndi wobwereka lapansi. The mawerengedwe angathenso kutenga zosiyanasiyana mavuto a zachuma. The kusanthula mbiri ngongole ntchito, choyamba, kudziwa pazipita zotheka phindu bungwe ndalama kuti angagwe atabwerera borrowers likulu, ndipo kachiwiri - kuzindikira zinthu zotheka kuti kakanasokoneza chipani ndalama pa nthawi ndi full, masamu ndi Bank.

mbiri

Kodi titsimikize ndi zizindikiro zapadera zimene zimaonetsa ndi chizindikiro cha mtendere wa mabanki? Izo zikhoza kuwoneka ngati Kapangidwe ka mbiri ngongole? Zimafuna gulu la ngongole pa malo awa:

- mwapatsidwa ndalama kapena ruble;

- njira kupereka;

- kukhwima;

- udindo malamulo a wobwereka ndi;

- m'dziko la magwero a gulu ndalama.

Mndandanda pamwamba a muyezo akhoza ndithu wodzilemekeza, ndi zinthu zina.

Kodi sali m'gulu mbiri ya?

N'zochititsa chidwi kuti mitundu ina ya ngongole si kukhala mbali mu mbiri ngongole. Pamene izi zingatheke bwanji? Mu njira mabungwe ambiri banki kuti asankha kusakhala ndi mu mndandanda wa katundu sanali bajeti ngongole zimene ali wosindikiza akuluakulu onse, ndalama. Izi zikhoza kukhala chifukwa issuance wa ngongole amenewa popanda amafuna yokulirapo ina kapena chiwongola dzanja, zimasiyana mu mbali ang'onoang'ono a msika. Loan mbiri - ndi chizindikiro yoonetsa zochitika zikusonyeza bungwe ndalama. Ngongole pa mitengo ŵakwenera mwina alibe muyezo izi.

Ngongole zimene sali m'gulu la ngongole mbiri a mabanki malonda, akhoza chikalata ku mabungwe naye, mabungwe a zachuma atagwira, pamene kukhazikitsidwa panopa ndi mbali ya kapangidwe kapena mabungwe wamng'ono. Ndipotu m'njira zambiri zoletsedwa ngati ikukhudzana bwanji ndi ngongole yokhala. Ndipotu, zingakhale zabwinobwino anasamutsidwa yapakati-kampani si umalimbana kuchotsa kwambiri phindu banki a.

Masiteji kusanthula mbiri

Ife tsopano kufufuza mwatsatanetsatane momwe kuwunika angathe kuchitidwa ya ngongole mbiri bungwe ndalama. Pamwamba taonera mfundo zikuluzikulu zimene chimayambitsa phunziro zogwirizana - ndizo malumikizanidwe kuchuluka kwa ngongole panopa ndi ziti zokhudza bwino kubwerera kwawo amatamanda mabungwe. Tsopano ntchito yathu - kuganizira magawo chachikulu pa zimene ngongole mbiri kusanthula. Ofufuza amakono kusiyanitsa kuika zotsatirazi wa iwo:

- kuwunika mwa zinthu zokhudza ntchito yobweretsa ndi kufunika kwa ntchito banki;

- mtima wa kukongoza mphamvu bungwe ndalama;

- kuphunzira kapangidwe ka ngongole disbursed choti kugwilizana chizindikiritso cha ubongo;

- kuphunzira panopa Mapangano ngongole yolembedwa ndi banki ndipo wobwereka;

- ziyenera a mtundu wa mbiri, chitukuko cha malangizo kuwongolera ake.

Tiyeni kuphunzira zimenezi kusanthula lolingana chizindikiro ntchito mfundo banki.

Zinthu za kufunika ndi kotunga ntchito ngongole

Mfundo mu funso akhoza wachinsinsi pa malo osiyanasiyana. Monga ulamuliro, allocated mkati ndi kunja. The woyamba yovomerezeka:

- banki a liquidity ndi kupezeka likulu, sipangakhalenso ntchito pa makonzedwe a ngongole;

- kupezeka kwa chuma kuphimba kusowa mwina liquidity chifukwa osauka malipiro mwambo wa makasitomala;

- mfundo ya gawo la zamalonda ya gombe, makhalidwe a omvera chandamale kasitomala.

Zina mwa zinthu kunja:

- njira zachuma zikuchitika mu dziko, dera kapena m'dera yeniyeni;

- mlingo wa mpikisano wa banki kukongoza msika;

- malamulo a Bank ku Central - mwachitsanzo, mwa mawu a mapangidwe mfundo za mlingo chinsinsi;

- malamulo lamulo ubale ngongole.

Bank, akuchita kusanthula mfundo anasankha adzatha kudziwa kuti ndi chofunika kwambiri mwa mawu a khalidwe mbiri, kenako ntchito deta kusintha makhalidwe a chithunzi chogwirizana naye.

Khama la kukongoza mphamvu

Siteji yotsatira kusanthula mbiri - kudziŵa kukongoza mphamvu bungwe ndalama. Kuthana ndi vuto limeneli kumaphatikizapo phunziro Choyamba nkhani, chifukwa chimene banki akhoza kupeza ndalama mu mawonekedwe a ntchito za kukongoza. kuthekera Mawu Pankhaniyi angathe kuwonetsa Mabaibulo awiri: monga amene amasonyeza kupezeka chuma yochepa gombe, ndipo amene ali kuchita ndi mapangano "yaitali" ndi makasitomala ndalama bungwe. ndi mfundo ya aliyense wa iwo?

kuthekera akuti aumbike pamaziko a ndalama kuti mabanki kudziunjikira pa madipoziti, nkhani panopa, nkhani malipiro ndi zinthu zina, chifukwa chimene inu mwamsanga kuonjezera liquidity. Monga ulamuliro - mkati mwa chaka chimodzi. Yaitali angathe Zikatero, zikutanthauza kuti banki gwero bungwe, amene akhoza ntchito ngati chida kuonjezera liquidity, koma osati nthawi yomweyo, koma ndi sanaonetse nthawi zambiri palibe chaka kale kuposa wina kuchokera tsiku la mapeto a Mapangano lolingana ndi makasitomala . Bank ngongole mbiri kasamalidwe mwachindunji amadalira ankaona nyumba mitundu zomwe kosamalira ndalama. The chizindikiro mu funso - pakati zofunika kwambiri mfundo za kusanthula mtendere wa banki monga kapangidwe malonda.

Ofufuza ena, monga mbali ya kukongoza mphamvu zokakamiza angathe kutumikira kupeza ndalama zakunja. Choyamba ndi, ndithudi, ngongole ku banki Central. Koma zingakhalenso mwachangu wodzilemekeza ndi ngongole ku misika ya kunja. Funso lina ndi ngati banki makamaka kupeza anthu. Iwo akhoza okha monga i chuma - mwachitsanzo, chifukwa chakuti panopa zizindikiro bungwe maganizo pa ngongole amachita sakwanira kwa solvency ndi ndale - ngati banki amavomereza chifukwa Iye singakhale borrowers yachilendo.

Analysis wa ngongole kwa kugwilizana ndi kuthekera

Siteji yotsatira ya kafukufuku wa ngongole mbiri bungwe ndalama - kusanthula motsata chikalata ngongole wapezeka ukulu wa lingathe, zomwe tanena pamwambazi. Kodi mtundu wa mavuto akhoza kukhala mu nkhani iyi banki?

Choyamba, ndi ziyenera a mbiri ngongole ku mbali ya zokhudza mapangano mwachangu yolembedwa ndi bungwe chuma ndi wobwereka, ndi dzuwa kupeza chuma kuti kupanga kuthekera taonera. Pasakhale vuto limene banki ikupereka ambiri "yaitali" ngongole, koma alibe "lalifupi" chuma kukhalabe liquidity. Ngakhale wobwereka adzalipira pa ndandanda nthawi zonse - revenues sangakhale okwanira kuthetsa mavuto atsopano a m'banja.

Nthawi zina, mabanki, kukonza angathe yaitali kuchepekedwa ndi opanda chuma kuonjezera izo, anakakamizika kusintha kwa chuma chake yochepa. Ndipo zikhoza kusokoneza mawu a liquidity kosamalira a.

Kukhazikitsa kusanthula ngongole kwa kugwilizana ndi kuthekera umayenda bwino mu ntchito ya kupanga siteji yotsatira ya ngongole mbiri ya kafukufuku - kuphunzira zimenezi ngongole anamaliza pakati pa gombe ndi kasitomala. Tiyeni tione mwatsatanetsatane kwambiri.

Mapangano kuphunzira

Kumene, ndi chodziwikiratu kuti akatswiri banki a tikambirana nkhani za tsamba limodzi lililonse pangano ndi wobwereka lapansi. Ndi mwaukadaulo zovuta ndi zosayenera kwathunthu mwa mawu a mtengo ntchito. Monga ulamuliro, ikuchitika kusanthula zowerengera ali mapangano a. Popeza kuti zolembedwa za mtundu chogwirizana muli kusiyana pang'ono kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri iwo ndi kuchepetsedwa:

- ndi kuchuluka kwa ngongole ya;

- kuti kusiyana pakati pa chiwongola dzanja payekha;

- kuti kufunika wa alipire ;

- kuonetsetsa kuti mtundu ngongole.

Chiwembu pansi kulingalira likukhudza, ndithudi, ngati izo zifika kupenda zimenezi ananena ndi chimodzi modzi wa borrowers - mwachitsanzo, nzika yokhala ntchito pa nyumba yake.

Iwo likukhalira kuti si koyenera kuphunzira lililonse chikalata: chakwanira kuti m'kagulu magwero m'magulu tiyenera kuchotsa pa mbali wamba. Mwachitsanzo, zingakhale mapangano omwe ndi chiwongola dzanja la 20% pa annum ndi pamwamba, kapena yokhudza alipire ngongole mwa chaka. Choncho, gombe, kufufuza ndi ngongole chiopsezo mbiri amangokhala kudziunjikira mfundo zogwirizana ali mapangano, ndipo adzakhala phunziro awo.

Malinga ndi zotsatira za gawo lolingana kwa kusanthula ndi mabungwe ena azachuma akhoza kukhala ziwerengero, chimene kudzakhala kotheka kuti aone ngati mfundo chitukuko ndi zisathe banki gulu:

- mwa mawu amabwelekesa;

- mu mawonekedwe a zinthu lina mapangano ngongole lolingana kuthekera;

- pamaso pa ukulu wa ndalama akuwuka chifukwa cha nkhani zamalonda.

Zotsatira za mosiyana anakonza, poona khalidwe la mbiri, komanso monga malangizo kusintha izo - mu gawo lotsatira la ntchito ofufuza.

The Ziwerengero ndi ayamikira

Ntchito yaikulu mu nkhani iyi - kumasulira zotsatira za ntchito ya akatswiri. The zotsatira za ntchito ayenera kupita kuonetsetsa kuti akhoza kugwiritsa ntchito monga chida yothandiza kusintha njira chitukuko banki a. Akuyenera kukhala chinthu ntchito kukhathamiritsa kupanga ngongole mbiri kasamalidwe, bungwe ndalama.

Yoyenera kusanthula chogwirizana chizindikiro mtendere wa banki ndi kuwamasulira - chikhalidwe zofunika kwambiri kukhazikitsidwa kwa mpikisano mu msika. The ngongole mbiri ya Bank ndalama kapena chimphona wina wa Russian gawo banki, angakhale ndi Buku. Koma ndi moyenera tanthauzo la strategy chitukuko cha bungwe lililonse ndalama Kungakhalenso chidwi player pamsika ngati mpikisano waukulu. Loan mbiri - si ya manambala kukonza malipoti. Ndi chida chenicheni cha chikusintha banki malonda chitsanzo.

Kafukufuku mabungwe ndalama za mbiri ngongole angathe kuchitidwa osati ndi matabwa ake mkati, komanso osewera akunja - monga ndalama. Kumene phunziro kwa kupezeka kwa kupeza zizindikiro zogwirizana. Mu gawo ili la ubwino mpikisano a mabanki ndi moyenera mbiri ngongole, adzalamulira luso kulandira ndalama lalikulu. Kapena - monga njira - ndi zokonda kupeza mwayi ngongole kunja. Pankhaniyi, angathe abwenzi bungwe ndalama mbali imeneyi ingakhalenso analemba malangizo umalimbana patsogolo chitukuko njira ya Bank a anakamba pa maziko a zotsatira za kafukufuku wa mbiri ngongole.