The injini V8: makhalidwe, photos, chithunzi, chipangizo, voliyumu, kulemera. Cars ndi injini V8

Panopa pali zingapo zimene mungachite powertrain malingana ndi dongosolo ndi chiwerengero cha masilindala. V8 injini amatanthauza mlingo wokweretsa wa Motors magalimoto galimotolo monga iwo amaveka ndi masewera ndi zitsanzo mwanaalirenji. Choncho, iwo sali ofanana kwambiri, koma ankafuna.

tanthauzo

V8 injini ndi mphamvu wagawo ndi makonzedwe V zooneka zonenepa mizere iwiri ya anayi ndi crankshaft wamba.

Maziko a THE

Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma otsiriza, panalibe kugwirizana pakati injini mphamvu ndi chiwerengero cha masilindala. Komabe, nthawi, zinthu monga kuwonjezeka liwiro ndi mphamvu, komanso kufuna kuchepetsa ndalama zinachititsa kuti kumayambiriro pafupifupi buku la yamphamvu ya. Komanso, panali chinthu monga mphamvu lita. Choncho, angamvetsere injini mphamvu ndi chiwerengero cha masilindala. Kuti Aliyense yamphamvu ali buku ena, ndi yeniyeni buku mtengo kuchotsa mphamvu zina. Komanso makhalidwe amenewa ndi wokometsedwa, ndiko kuti, kupitirira nawo kuŵeta si kopindulitsa. Choncho, zitsanzo misa yaing'ono anayamba kukonzekeretsa injini ya buku laling'ono ndi ochepa zonenepa, ndi kukwaniritsa mphamvu mkulu chofunika kulenga Mipikisano yamphamvu mayunitsi mphamvu buku zikuluzikulu.

nkhani

Woyamba V8 injini anayamba kusindikiza mu 1904. Iwo anayamba kupanga zaka ziwiri zapitazo Leonom Levasserom. Komabe, sizikanagwira ntchito magalimoto ndi kukhala pa ndege ndi mabwato ang'onoang'ono.

Choyamba galimoto injini V8 3536 ^cm3 buku anamasulidwa Rolls-Royce kampani. Komabe, wamanga magalimoto 3 yekha, zida ndi iwo.

Mu 1910, 7773 ^cm3 V8 lapelekedwa ndi Mlengi De Dion-Bouton. Ngakhale magalimoto okonzeka ndi iwo anali kumasulidwa pang'ono ndithu, mu 1912 iye anapereka ku New York, kuchititsa kwambiri chidwi. Kenako, chilengedwe cha Motors zoterozo opanga American.

Woyamba ndi misa-zokolola magalimoto ndi injini V8 anali Cadillac kampani mu 1914. Zinali nizhneklapannym injini mphamvu 5429 masentimita ^3. Akukhulupirira kuti mapulani ake unalembedwa ku tatchulawa French mphamvu unit. M'chaka choyamba ife opangidwa padziko 13 000 magalimoto okonzeka ndi iwo.

Patatha zaka 2, buku la 4 lita V8 anayambitsa Oldsmobile.

Mu 1917, Chevrolet anayamba kupanga za V8 4.7 lita Komabe, chaka chamawa, Mlengi anakhala gawo la GM, amene ali mayunitsi ndi Makampani ziwiri tatchulazi. Komabe, Chevrolet, mosiyana ndi iwo, ndi zochokera ku nkhani magalimoto mafuta imayenera, amene amayenera kukhazikitsa injini chosavuta, kotero yopanga V8 ndinayima.

injini zonse zafotokozedwa pamwamba anaika pa zitsanzo zodula. Kwa nthawi yoyamba mu misa gawo la anasamutsa Ford kampani mu 1932 ga Model 18. Komanso, mphamvu wagawo ali ndithu luso luso. Iwo anali okonzeka ndi osewera chitsulo chipika yamphamvu, ngakhale patsogolo ulimi wa mbali izi ena ankaona mwaukadaulo zosatheka, kotero zonenepa ndi wosiyana crankcase, amene kobvuta ndi mtengo kupangidwa. Kuti akonze gawo limodzi anafunika kusintha sayansi ya kuponyera. Mphamvu zatsopano wagawo wotchedwa Flathead. Zinabala mpaka 1954

Mu US, ambiri makamaka V8 injini opezeka 30 ntchentche. Iwo anakhala wotchuka mabotolo mphamvu izi akonzekeretse magulu onse a magalimoto, kupatula subcompact. A galimoto V8 injini ndi mapeto a 1970 nkhani 80% zonse chopangidwa mu United States. Choncho mawu zambiri zokhudza mayunitsi mphamvu, chiyambi American, ndi V8, anthu ambiri kugwirizana ndi magalimoto American.

Ku Ulaya, injini izi sindinapeza zotchuka chotere. Choncho, mu zoyambirira za m'ma otsiriza anali okonzeka ndi kokha chidutswa opangidwa ndi zitsanzo osankhika. Only mu '50s anayamba kuoneka kupanga loyamba injini eyiti yamphamvu kapena magalimoto ndi injini V8. Ndipo ena mwa iwowa anali okonzeka ndi powertrains American opangidwa.

dongosolo

Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana zapitazo, ndi zachilendo kwambiri kwa injini amakono masikimu Mwachitsanzo, semitsilindrovye, eyiti yamphamvu mu mzere ndi nyenyezi.

Ndi streamlining Motors dongosolo, mwa kuyambitsa tatchulawa mfundo chiwerengero cha masilindala tsopano atsimikiza kwa injini malinga ndi mphamvu zawo. Ndiyeno, funso linauka malo awo mulingo woyenera.

Choyamba zinaoneka Baibulo losavuta wa mawonekedwe a - mu mzere zonenepa. Mtundu amafuna unsembe wawo pa mzere wina kumbuyo kwa limzake. Komabe, dongosolo limeneli ndi zogwirizana ndi injini ndi chiwerengero cha palibe zonenepa zoposa sikisi. Ambiri mitundu zinayi yamphamvu. Thuu ndi injini atatu yamphamvu ndi n'chosoŵa, ngakhale anaonekera m'zaka za m'ma XX. injini asanu yamphamvu ndi munthu wamba kwambiri, pambali pake, iwo anayamba yekha mu 70s m'ma. Six yamphamvu mu mzere injini tsopano kutaya kutchuka. Kamangidwe okhala pakati injini eyiti yamphamvu unatha ntchito 30 ntchentche.

Ntchito ya dera V zooneka kwa Motors ndi ambiri zonenepa chifukwa munda tiganizira Kamangidwe. Ngati inu ntchito mawonekedwe okhala pakati pa mayunitsi mphamvu Mipikisano yamphamvu, ndiye kuti motalika kwambiri, ndipo pali vuto ndi mayikidwe awo pansi pa nyumba. Panopa ambiri mtanda mawonekedwe ndi malo mu mzere injini asanu yamphamvu momwemonso zovuta. Pankhaniyi, mavuto ambiri zimachitika ndi mayikidwe a gearbox lapansi. N'chifukwa chake injini ngati anagwetsa kuwanda kwa V6. Yotsirizira akhoza pabwino onse longitudinally ndi laterally.

ntchito

Chiwembu ankaona kwambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa makina buku lalikulu. Iwo anayikidwa makamaka pa masewera ndi zitsanzo umafunika mwa magalimoto zonyamula katundu ndi SUVs, magalimoto, mabasi, mathirakitala.

makhalidwe a

Ndi osnonovnym V8 magawo monga buku mphamvu, kugwa ngodya poise.

voliyumu

chizindikiro ichi ndi chimodzi mwa chinsinsi cha injini aliyense mkati kuyaka. Pa chiyambi cha mbiri ya injini kuyaka mkati panalibe kugwirizana pakati pa mphamvu galimoto ndi chiwerengero cha masilindala ndi kuchuluka pafupifupi kuposa kuposa panopa. Choncho, kudziwika umodzi yamphamvu injini 10 lita ndi 23 lita yamphamvu asanu.

Komabe, patsogolo pake panalembedwa buku magawanidwe pamwambawa ndi ubwenzi pakati pa voliyumu ndi mphamvu.

Monga tanenera, makonzedwe pansi kulingalira ntchito makamaka kwa mnogolitrovyh powertrains. Choncho, buku V8 injini zambiri osati malita zosakwana 4. Mtengo pazipita kwa chizindikiro ichi kwa injini ano magalimoto zonyamula ndi SUVs anafika malita 8.5. Pa magalimoto, mathirakitala, mabasi ndi kukhazikitsa volumetric mphamvu mayunitsi (24 l).

mphamvu

Izi V8 injini khalidwe akhoza anatsimikiza zochokera lita mphamvu yeniyeni. Pakuti mafuta mumlengalenga injini ndi 100 HP Choncho, galimoto 4 L ali ndi mphamvu avareji 400 HP Choncho, embodiments wa buku zikuluzikulu mphamvu. Pankhani ya machitidwe ena, makamaka aziyankha lita mphamvu ndi kwambiri kuchuluka.

camber

chizindikiro ichi ndi zogwirizana okha injini V woboola pakati Kamangidwe. Zimatanthauza ngodya pakati pa magombe a yamphamvu. Ambiri a injini ndi 90 °. Kuchuluka kwa dongosolo lino la zonenepa chifukwa chakuti timatha kukwaniritsa mlingo wochepa wa kugwedera ndi poyatsira akadakwanitsira wa osakaniza ndi kulenga injini otsika lonse. Yotsirizira zotsatira zabwino pa controllability, monga gulu mphamvu amachepetsa pakati yokoka.

injini zingapo zochepa wamba ndi mbali ya 60º. injini N'zochititsa chidwi ang'onoang'ono ngakhale njira zochepa. Izi amachepetsa m'lifupi injini Komabe, embodiments amenewa, kugwedera n'zovuta kuzima.

Pali Motors ndi kukodzedwa ngodya ya zonenepa ndi (180º). Ndiko kuti, zonenepa awo anakonza mu ndege yopingasa, ndi pistons kusuntha kwa wina ndi mnzake. Komabe, Motors amenewa amatchedwa V woboola pakati, ndi wotsutsana ndi amaimira kalata B.Oni kupereka malo otsika kwambiri yokoka, kotero kuti injini amenewa anaika makamaka masewera chitsanzo. Komabe, iwo amasiyana m'lifupi chachikulu, kotero injini ankhonya n'zochepa chifukwa cha kuchulukitsa kwa mayikidwe a.

kugwedera

Izi zochitika Mulimonsemo kuonekera pamene ntchito injini pisitoni. Komabe, okonza kuyesa kuchepetsa iwo, popeza osati bwanji chitonthozo, komanso ndi milingo kwambiri kungachititse kuti kuwonongeka ndi kuwonongedwa kwa injini.

Mu lidzigwira ntchito zake ndi mphamvu multidirectional ndi mphindi. Kuchepetsa kunjenjemerako zofunika moyenera iwo. njira imodzi ili ndi kupanga injini kuti mphindi ndi mphamvu ndi ofanana ndi osiyana mayendedwe. Komano, Tiyenera kusintha crankshaft. Chotero, inu mukhoza kusintha malo magazini wake ndi kukhazikitsa amakhala kapena ntchito potsimikizira-bwino migodi.

poise

Choyamba, tisaiwale kuti mwa injini wamba moyenera wiri zokha basi - mzere pontho akhanzonda, zisanu ndi yamphamvu. Motors masanjidwe ena amasiyana chizindikiro.

Koma V8, ali bwino moyenera, makamaka mitundu ndi kumathandiza kupeza ngodya zabwino lamanja la zonenepa ndi anakonza mu ndege perpendicular cranks. Komanso anapatsidwa smoothness ndi luso kupereka yunifolomu kusinthana kwa kubuka. Motors oterowo awiri okha akamakonda mphindi pa tsaya zonenepa akunja sipangakhalenso bwinobwino kulipidwa ndi counterweights awiri pa crankshaft lapansi.

ubwino

V-injini wosiyana injini ku mzere dongosolo la makokedwe mkulu. Izi zimathandiza kuti galimoto dera V8. Mosiyana ndi injini okhala pakati, kumene malangizo mphamvu perpendicular mwachindunji, mu injini ichi, amachita kutsinde mbali zonse za tangent lapansi. Izi amalenga inertia kwambiri, kupereka kutsinde zazikulu mathamangitsidwe.

Komanso, V8 crankshaft ali mkulu chinthu chimodzimodzi. Ndiko kuti, zinthu wolimba cholimba choncho ogwira pamene ntchito pa zinthu malire. Ndipo chimafikira osiyanasiyana mafurikwense opaleshoni ya galimoto ndipo walola kuti apeze patsogolo mofulumira.

Pomaliza, V woboola pakati injini yaying'ono kwambiri poyerekeza ndi okhala pakati pa. Ndipo iwo sali okha wamfupi, komanso poyerekeza kuti aona mu chithunzi cha injini V8.

zolakwa

Zipangizo pansi kulingalira amasiyana Kamangidwe dongosolo zovuta, imbaenda kukwera mtengo. Komanso kutalika ochepa ndi kutalika ali lonse. Komanso V8 injini kulemera lalikulu (150 200 kg), zomwe zimabweretsa mavuto kufalitsa kulemera. Choncho iwo anaika pa magalimoto ang'onoang'ono. Komanso, Motors awa ali kugwedera ndithu ndi zovuta akusamala. Pomaliza, ndalama ntchito. Choyamba, ndi chifukwa chakuti injini V8, chipangizo ndi yovuta kwambiri. Ndiponso, ali ndi chiwerengero chachikulu cha mbali. Choncho V8 injini kukonza zovuta ndi mtengo. Kachiwiri, Motors amenewa yodziwika ndi mowa wa mafuta.

chitukuko chamakono

Mu chitukuko cha injini zonse za mkati kuyaka wakhala chizolowezi posachedwapa kuonjezera mphamvu, dzuwa. Izi zimatheka ndi kuchepetsa kuchuluka ndi ntchito machitidwe osiyanasiyana monga mwachindunji jekeseni mafuta, turbocharging, variable vavu nthawi, ndi zina zotero. D. Izi zinachititsa chakuti injini zikuluzikulu, kuphatikizapo V8, pang'ono ndi pang'ono kutaya kutchuka. Motors Mnogolitrovye tsopano m'malo mwa injini turbocharged ang'onoang'ono buku. Izi akhudzidwa kwambiri Mabaibulo V12 ndi V10, amene m'malo mwa supercharged V8, ndi wotsiriza - pa V6 lapansi. Kuti ndi kuchuluka avareji Motors yafupika, mwina chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa dzuwa, lomwe ndi chizindikiro lita mphamvu.
Komabe, masewera ndi magalimoto apamwamba kugwiritsira ntchito zamphamvu mnogolitrovye powertrains. Ndipo ntchito yawo komanso kwambiri kuchuluka poyerekeza ndi m'mbuyomu pogwiritsa ntchito njira zamakono ano.

ziyembekezo

Ngakhale chiyembekezo cha kuchotsa mkati injini kuyaka ndi magetsi ndi ena injini wochezeka, iwo simunataye kufunika awo. The makamaka embodiments V woboola ankaona kuti zingamuthandize kwambiri. Pakali pano, okonza apanga njira akukambirana zolakwa zawo. Komanso, mu maganizo awo, lingathe mayunitsi mphamvu si kwathunthu kuwuluridwa, kotero iwo basi Sinthani.