Hoofed nyama mbawala (Latin dzina Alces alces) ndi dziko lalikulu mitundu Oleneva banja. Mbawala pafupifupi kukula ukufika mamita awiri ndi theka, ndi kulemera - makilogalamu sevente-faifi handiredi. Nthawi zina amuna apeze makilogalamu oposa 650. Nyama imeneyi ali ndi boma-mitundu: Canada, Ulaya, Asia. kusiyana kwawo ndi wofunika, koma kuti Far East mbawala angapo ang'onoang'ono kuposa anzawo. Mwina, okonda ambiri zinyama nkhawa ndi funso lakuti: "Chakudya ose? Makamaka m'nyengo yozizira mu nkhalango? "Ndipotu opweteka Siberia yozizira zimavuta kupeza msipu. Tiyeni tiyese funso limeneli.
M'dera la yogawa
Mu Russia, ndi ose zimapezeka malo achilengedwe a Titafika pamalo, nayonso, wosakaniza ndi nkhalango deciduous. Iwo Tingaone ngakhale mu chipululu ndi theka chipululu, koma m'dera la mbawala, ndithudi, kupita kokha kwa kanthawi kuti abuluke pa nyengo makamaka nkhanza. Mphalapala amakonda amakonda madambo nkhalango, zigwa za mitsinje, zigwembe zobiriwira ndi zigwembe. Ku mtunda ndi malo zimatengera chimene amadya mbawala. Mwachitsanzo, mu nkhalango, nyama imapachikidwa mitsinje, kumene iwo kudya msondodzi nthambi, koma sanyoza, ndi zomera za m'madzi. Mu Titafika pamalo zakudya zawo Moss ndi ndere, masamba ndi bowa. M'chigawo chawo tichipeza udzu. Kwambiri ngati Prongs coniferous, deciduous ndi nkhalango losanganikirana. Pali ose kupeza chakudya chabwino mu mawonekedwe a zanthete ndi masamba. Ndi kwakukulukulu zimadalira zakudya ndi ubwino wa achinyamata. Ngati ng'ombe anabadwa mu chirimwe ndi anakhala miyezi ya moyo wake mu nkhalango, ndiye pamaso yozizira iye kupeza kulemera kuposa quintal wina.
Kodi wadya mbawala mu nkhalango?
Pankhani nkhalango, ndi mbawala ndi m'chilimwe madzulo moyo. Popeza kuti nyama zikuluzikulu ndi mantha kwa imfa ya tizilombo - midges. Kuyambira bloodsuckers iwo ali opulumutsidwa mu zithaphwi kapena nyanja: tsiku ndi kwa makosi awo mu matope kapena madzi, nyanja ndi mitsinje, ndipo okha kutuluka usiku msipu. Pofuna kubisala kwa midges zokula nyama kufunafuna kudula wabwino, kukwera mu zanthete za spruce kapena lakuda m'tchire. Kuti athawe midges, mbawala mu nkhalango mwa ziyangoyango makilomita ambiri. Mphalapala kusambira kwambiri - kugonjetsa ziwiri kilometre madzi chopinga si vuto. Ngati pafupi ndi mtsinje kapena nyanja, mbawala amathera kumeneko maola otentha, kukanikiza pakati zomera m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Mphamvu mbawala zikuphatikizapo algae. Mu mbawala izi ungasunge mpweya wawo kwa mphindi imodzi kapena ziwiri kupeza chakudya abwino. Mwa njira, kuledzera, mbawala kuwuka pa mawondo ake. Nthaŵi yaitali miyendo kutsogolo ndi waufupi khosi kupewedwa kuti akwaniritse madzi.
Salt njala
Mwina, masamba, masingano paini, khungwa ndi nthambi sazindikira mokwanira zosoŵa za ogawika-hoofed lalikulu nyama mu zakudya. Popeza chilombo, ayenera yokha kufunafuna gwero la mchere. Popanda nyama akudwala. Mu chilimwe, Mphalapala mwa nkhalango ndi kuyang'ana malawi mchere. Kumeneko kunyambita pansi ukulowerera thupi ndi mchere izi. M'nyengo yozizira, kulumikiza kwa msewu waukulu pofunafuna Prongs mchere, podziwa zomwe fano payenera kukhala njira thanzi pena paliponse. Pofuna kupewa ngozi zapamsewu, nkhalango, podziwa chimene kudya mbawala, wothira mibulu chakudya kapena pakati m'nkhalango wothinikizidwa cubes.
bowa zakudya
Kuwonjezera mchere, ndi cervids lalikulu alibe bowa. Choncho, pambuyo mvula ofunda, kapena ndi isanayambike mbawala yophukira kupita kukafuna mankhwala nkhalango. Makamaka ngati Prongs chinkhupule bowa - Mokhovikov, boletus, zoyera. Akuluakulu malo ndi anachezeredwa ndi olemera pali nthawi kwa mbewu yatsopano. Osaneneka koma zoona: ose kudya amanita! Ndiponso kumva si mfundo kwambiri, ndiponso kuti mafangasi poizoni sitichitapo kanthu pa nyama zimenezi. ose A jambulani mavitamini zipatso. Iwo msipu nthambi za cranberries, blueberries, raspberries ndi mabulosi akuda. Pozindikira kuti kufunika M'sitolo ndi mafuta pamaso pa isanayambike nyengo yozizira, mphalapala kudyetsa kwambiri m'chilimwe. Pa otentha wamkulu munthu amadya makilogalamu sate-faifi chakudya, pomwe yozizira - 12-15 chabe.
mankhwala nyengo
Chilimwe kwa herbivores - nthawi odala kwambiri. Ngakhale Titafika pamalo mungapeze zosiyanasiyana lichens ndi ndere, nthambi zokwawa chomera (nyenyezi yaing'ono birch ndi msondodzi). Mu chakudya nayonso kwambiri. Clearings ndi malo yopsereza Prongs mosavuta kupeza chotchezera ndi Cyprus, udzu mkulu ndi zanthete, raspberries ndi mabulosi akuda. Mu progrevshihsya Madamu kukula maluwa madzi ndi mimba zikuluzikulu, ndi pa magombe - marigold, penyani, horsetails. Koma kuyambira September masamba amayamba kutembenukira chikasu ndipo kuguluka. Kusintha zakudya ndi mbawala. Prongs kusuntha pa nthambi ya zitsamba ndi mitengo, masamba wagwa, ndi November zikuphatikizapo menyu awo ndi kumakuwa. wakudya mbawala yozizira? M'nthawi yovuta, chakudya herbivores makamaka nthambi ndi khungwa. Apa, kuwonjezereka kwakukulu ose amakhala chipulumutso chake. Chinyama angafikire nthambi, kumene sangafikire mbawala yamphongo. Koma mbawala sasiya ziyembekezo kudzuka ku msipu.
Kuti kudya mbawala m'nyengo yozizira?
Yankho la funso limeneli zimadalira malo a nyama. Kodi chipale chivundikirocho ndi otsika (hafu) ndi nkhani ya pafupipafupi yozizira thaws, mphalapala moyo wongokhala. Mphepo ndi ozizira, iwo kupeza malo ogona mu wandiweyani nkhalango coniferous. Ndipotu, sikuti kuli malo otetezedwa komanso okwanira kuchuluka kwa chakudya. Favorite yozizira chakudya mbawala mu Asia nkhalango ndi paini ndi spruce, ndi Canada ndi Alaska - Oil. Mu gawo European la Russia, Scandinavia, komanso mu Belarus, Poland ndi ku Ukraine Polesie mphalapala, kupatula mphamvu coniferous, kudya nthambi ya msondodzi, phiri phulusa, Aspen, birch. Ku tchire amakonda raspberries, mabulosi akuda kuyambira yozizira pansi mathithi chisanu. Pamene m'firiji pamtunda akuyamba, mphalapala kudziluma makungwa. Mu mbawala njala yozizira popanda maofesi aliyense pitani m'minda ndi wobiriwira nazale.
amakakamizidwa nomad
Mu malo amenewo kumene kuya chisanu ukufika oposa theka mita, mphalapala sangatsutse kuti amasamukira kumadera otentha, kotero kuti vuto la glaciation nthambi athe fosholo msipu. Akungoyendayenda nyama ayamba kale isanayambike yozizira mu October. Herd anamanga mosamalitsa malinga ndi utsogoleri wolowezana. Patsogolo kutsatira akazi amene ali wamng'ono. Choncho, achinyamata Amawapatsa msipu koma n'komwe. Short Nkhani amuna ndi akazi opanda ana. Pa tsiku la ng'ombe limayenda bwanji khumi makilomita. Spring perekochovki kumachitika nthawi snowmelt mu dongosolo n'zosiyana: woyamba ali wamkulu amuna, yotsirizira - akazi ndi ana a ng'ombe. The chakudya pa nthawi ino - ndicho chimene amadya mbawala mu nkhalango bwinobwino. Prongs kukumba kuchokera matalala masamba obiriwira timphukira a cranberries ndi blueberries, kudziluma makungwa kapena kudya miyendo pine.
stoyby ndi chiyani?
Kufika pa malo a wintering ose kuyamba ukhazikike. Mosiyana ndi chilimwe odyetserako mbawala yozizira lokha pa maola masana. Kuwafika nthambi mkulu ndi kukutetezani kupeza wakudya mbawala mu nkhalango gulu lonse pamodzi compacts chisanu pa malo tsogolo la nkhumba. Izi yozizira msipu nkhalango kuitana "stoybami". Iwo zimadya ndi nyama angapo nthawi imodzi. Koma mu malo lozhek (usiku) ose kumasula chisanu. Pamene nthawi tiuma chisanu, Prongs m'manda mu chisanu chosuntha, bulangete fluffy, amene protrude yekha nyanga ndi kufota. Herd amasankha mausiku leeward otsetsereka, zigwembe, gullies. Pofuna kuthandiza mbawala mu nthawi yovuta, nkhalango kusiya kwambiri ziyangoyango modyera ndi udzu, wothira mchere.
Spring kusamuka
Pamene masana kumawonjezera kwambiri, mphalapala ayamba kubwerera ku malo m'chilimwe kudyetsa. Kutsogoleredwa ndi odziwa ng'ombe yaikazi wamangidwa mu dongosolo latsopano. Panthawi imeneyi, pa mzere woyamba wa amuna, ndi akulu achinyamata - namtsata. Mphalapala imadya m'chaka? Zomera, ndiwo zobiriwira poyamba. Young masingano - gwero la vitamini C. A ankakonda masika azichitira kwa mbawala ndi catkins wa birch ndi alder, msondodzi mphukira. Mphalapala kusuntha pang'onopang'ono, kuyembekezera panjira zotsatirazi masamba pachimake ndipo zimaswa udzu. Nyama zimenezi ndi aliuma sasinthasintha, koma osati ngati ndinagonjetsa. Ngati iwo anaukira, mwina amakonda kuteteza, kapena kupita ku bwino kugulitsa pursuer ikulendewera trot. Tikhoza kunena kuti mphalapala zambiri kugonjetsedwa ndi ozizira kuposa kutentha. Wandiweyani odula zoipa zipangitsa thermoregulation za thupi. May - nthawi zambiri lopatsa mbawala ndi. Kenako limamasula msondodzi-therere (Epilobium), nthambi ya msondodzi anathira madzi ndi kutulutsa masamba atsopano, pali chotchezera, ndi vitamini kulemera liki. Mbawala wayamba kumulakalaka osati kwa Amanita, komanso zomera chakupha. Iye wakudya buttercup, Kakombo wa Mchigwa, celastraceae, maso khwangwala ndi khungwa wolfish. Thanzi la nyama chofunika tannins ali kotekisi ndi (makamaka rowan, Aspen ndi msondodzi), ndi turpentine, nyamazi amapeza kuchokera masingano wa mlombwa ndi pine.