Tagil thireyi: history, kufotokoza ndi chidwi mfundo

Mu m'badwo uwu wa kupita patsogolo mwamsanga ndipo imathamanga kwambiri, chitukuko cha magetsi ndi mkulu-liwiro Internet, ambiri a nzika ankafunika kupuma ku kugonthetsa ndi moyo watsiku ndi tsiku. Chikhumbo kukhalanso monga mtundu amatumiza maganizo kuphunzira komanso miyambo ya makolo athu. Chikhumbo kuzindikira kumachita chirichonse aukitsa kutchuka mankhwala opangidwa ndi manja. Tikabwerera pang'ono m'mbuyo ndizosowa, ife titembenukira kwa handicrafts. Imodzi mwa malo zodabwitsa za miyambo wakale Russian ndi Tagil thireyi.

magwero a m'mbiri

zaka oposa mazana atatu za mbiri ali luso limeneli wowerengeka. Amabwerera ku mudzi ndi mudzi wa ku Urals. Pamene woyamba chitsulo thireyi, chokongoletsedwa ndi zojambula, n'zosatheka kunena. Kwinakwake mu chifunga nthawi anatayika maina a ojambula zithunzi, wafunsira luso limeneli, nsomba, anatchuka kwambiri chifukwa Great Russia lapansi.

Official mbiri Tagil thireyi akuyamba ndi mphero zitsulo za banja Demidov. Mu zaka za m'ma XVIII, industrialists izi ayamba akuponya azitsulo Nizhny Tagil (1725), ndi Nevyansk Vyisky (1722). Pofika chaka cha 70 cha m'ma chomwecho, malinga ndi mbiri, ndi nsomba zambiri ndi ndipamene osiyana ntchito wosula, varnish okovschik.

Onse XVIII m'ma chitukuko cha malonda - zaka Hudoyarovyh amisiri. Icon amisiri mu mibadwo ingapo, Vavila abale ndi Fedor zowawa njira chifungulo cha kupenta, varnishing ndi zithunzi kukongoletsa ulemerero wa katundu wa m'nyumba, trays, zifuwa, ziwiya. Izi ndi zimene mabwana Tagil thireyi unkayenera kupenta njira "tsyr" - maziko golide mowolowa manja wodzazidwa ndi maziko wachikuda. Pambuyo solidification la woonda golide chida kuchotsa pamwamba wosanjikiza, kutsatira dongosolo zachilendo. Ojambula zithunzi ndi Kutulukira ndi zimachitika "Krustalo varnish" zodabwitsa chimaonekera ndipo kutentha zosagwira. Chojambulidwa pa malamulo a Demidov trays ndi ziwiya zinthu anatumizidwa ku zokhalamo za ziwiri mitu Russian.

The heyday nsomba

Mapeto a XVIII - chiyambi cha m'ma XIX - ndi heyday nthawi nsomba. Njirayi imatchedwa m'zaka za Demidov School, amene kulankhula ina. Demidov anasamutsidwa kuti munthu luso banja la akatswiri njanji mafakitale. Ngolo utoto mabokosi zodzikongoletsera, shuga mbale, trays, mabokosi ndi zinthu zina banja anapangidwa "phiri mzinda", monga iwo anamutcha Nizhnetagilskye, anapita Irbit ndi Macarius chilungamo, ndi ku Nizhny Novgorod, Central Asia ndi ku Ulaya. Iwo unali m'badwo golide za chitukuko cha asodzi a.

Kutha ndi Chitsitsimutso

Kuyambira cha m'ma XIX, mkubwela kwa mafakitale, anayamba kuchepa kwa handicrafts ndipo pafupifupi onse handicrafts. The mofulumira mayendedwe a moyo amakakamizidwa kupereka m'nyumba zabwino, m'malo mwake ndi chosavuta, mitundu stylized kwambiri. Dzanja kulipira kupereka njira mafakitale, kudzikondweretsa mwatsatanetsatane choyambirira m'malo mwa osindikizira.

Pofika zaka 20-TH wa XX m'ma moyo nsomba ukupezeka ambuye cooperatives angapo monga "Antchito" ndi "Red Dawn." Skilful trays m'nyumba anali sinadzatengedwe ndi achibale mu Soviet Russia, kotero iwo wotumidwa kwa Middle East ndi China.

Only chilumba Tagil podnosnogo nsomba akhala msonkhano pa Nizhny Tagil fakitale enamelware.

Popeza 90s Mu zaka zapitazo, nthawi ya kukonzanso ndi chitukuko cha tochepa, kuyambira pang'onopang'ono ndipo azilandira nyamuka aiwala zamanja. Chitsitsimutso analenga dzanja wapadera utoto cooperatives ndi cooperatives ojambula zithunzi.

amisiri sukulu Demidovs

Za sukulu Demidovs ayenera mowasiyanitsa, chifukwa iye anali amene anatipatsa mzera wa ambuye monga Dubasnikovy, Chausova, Kaygorodova ndi Perezolovy.

Demidov amalonda anali odziwa bwino kuti chinthu chachikulu kwa nsomba za - kanema uyu. Kuti cholinga cha maphunziro ndi kuphunzitsa akatswiri, iwo anakhazikitsa sukulu mu 1806, amene anaitanidwa kuphunzitsa ndizosowa chojambula maphunziro a Imperial Academy of Tirhana VI Albycheva.

The sukulu kwa zaka zinayi kuphunzira anyamata okha, kuyambira pa zaka 12. Koma kupanga akadali kusowa kwa ogwira nawo. Ndiye iwo anayamba kuti asungwana ndi amayi sukulu. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti Demidov ngati polimbikitsa akufuna kudziwa kuti "kulemba kwambiri, 'mophatikizapo Kukwezeleza akazi mu mawonekedwe a issuance wa mipango. Pang'onopang'ono kulenga trays utoto akulowa manja ya mkazi, monga zilili lero.

Sukuluyi yathandiza kwambiri pa chitukuko cha nsomba monga nthambi ya luso. Tagilskaya utoto trays pang'onopang'ono amapeza miyambo.

Posachedwapa pa mankhwala akuyamba "duwa" lodalirika Tagilskaya ananyamuka - wophiphiritsa maluwa kwa zaka zambiri wakhala yosonyeza asodzi a.

Tagil thireyi - chithunzi-trays, ndi mfundo limaonetseratu yakuthwa ndipo kupenta wangwiro, kuwulula storylines m'nthano ndi mbiri yakale.

Pang'onopang'ono akupangidwa pa Mipikisano faceted luso riveted. Chithunzi malata, moyo, webs ndi zinthu abwino, olengedwa mwa manja a blacksmiths, inakhala maziko a luso kupenta. Choncho analengedwa Tagil thireyi.

Pulogalamu wapadera Tagil kupenta - njira ya brushstroke awiri. Pa nthawi yomweyo likakhazikitsidwa komanso zochita chachikulu storylines lapansi.

varnish chinsinsi

Hudoyarovyh mafumu lacquer chagona pa kufanana ndi kusungunuka turpentine copal, mitengo hemp mafuta ndi turpentine pine. Mosiyana lacquering kum'mawa ozizira, kudya njira ntchito otentha (pa kutentha madigiri 300) ❖ kuyanika. The zikuchokera okusayidi anawonjezera patsogolo ndi manganese - lacquer anakhala mandala utoto ndi zotsitsimula. Chinsinsi cha lake konse losweka.

Tagil thireyi ndi chiyani?

Trays anapanga kupitiriza kupanga zokambirana ndi. Kusintha luso, koma ngakhale lero Buku kulenga ntchito - maziko a nsomba.

mitundu njira anapanga mtundu thireyi ndi yokutidwa ndi nthaka kawiri kenako wakuda enamel. Pambuyo kuumitsa preform akudutsa m'manja mwa chithunzicho, ndiye ornamentarista. Pambuyo penti mankhwala varnished.

nsomba amakono

Pangani zosemasema pakati pa Nizhny Tagil luso wowerengeka ndi zamanja. Zotetezedwa malamulo kutetezedwa ndi eni luso. Tagil thireyi nthawi amakopeka ojambula achilendo ndi okhometsa. Mfiti kutenga mbali mu zisudzo ndi amagulitsa nsombazo ku Russia ndi akutali malire ake. Museum wa Nizhny Tagil ndi Yekaterinburg akunyadira wolemera zosonkhanitsira Tagil trays, amene anasonyeza mu United States, France, Poland ndi mayiko ena.

Tagil thireyi, lero kudziwika kupitirira malire a dziko lathu ndi chiyani. Ntchito ya ambuye ndi Hudoyarovyh Dubasnikovyh - ngale exposures zakale Russian ndi zopereka payekha. mankhwala Tagilskoye anali kuperekedwa ngati mphatso kwa akalonga ndi mafumu. Chosiyana Tagil "lakernaya" kupenta - chitsanzo lapadera la anthu zojambulajambula, limene watsikira kwa masiku athu, ndipo akupitiriza kudabwa ndi okonda chomukondweretsa zilandiridwenso pachiyambi.