Svyatogorsky ansembe yotchedwa paphiri la Athos

Mbiri ya Mpingo Orthodox Russian kunayamba ubatizo wa Kievan Lazaro Prince Vladimir mu 988. Christianity, poyamba amakakamizidwa "amalowerera" anthu, ndi chiyambi cha m'ma 11 si chipembedzo yekha wa Grand Duchy wa anthu Kiev ndi malire ake, koma ndi chiyambi cha Russian kumene kumakhala Amonke moyo wosasangalala.

Obisika paphiri la Athos magwero Woyera otchulidwa 1016, pamene iye anayambitsa wansembe wa Kievan Lazaro Antoniy Pechersky.

Mbiri ya ubatizo wa Kievan Lazaro

Monga Tingaone pa Nkhani ya Nestor, ubatizo wa Kiev inayamba mu 988 ndi Vladimir, amene anapereka pa milungu yawo. Osati kupita kapu mu dzanja Mhelene ndi ansembe Byzantine, kuti adziwe Mulungu atsopano, iye anapanga ulendo wa Chersonese ku Crimea.

Popeza anagonjetsa mzinda, Vladimir waika patsogolo kuti musankhepo kuti Constantine ndi Basil, mafumu a Byzantium, imeneyo akanati apite ndi nkhondo ndi Constantinople, ngati iwo sudzapereka kuti akwatire mlongo wake Anna. Abale anagwirizana ndi chikhalidwe chimene Kalonga wa Kiev adzakhala ziphunzitso, zomwe zinachitika pamene Anna anafika ku Hersonissos ndi ansembe ndi amishonale.

Imafotokoza kuti Prince Vladimir mwadzidzidzi adali akhungu ndi Ndinali ndi mantha kuti anali malo milungu yachikunja. Anna kukhulupirira kuti ubatizo adzabwerera iye yekha masomphenya thupi, komanso chauzimu chimene chili chimene chinachitika. Ankhondo ku retinue la Grand Duke, powona chozizwa, ndipo anakhulupirira nabatizidwa mu Hersonissos.

Tikaonanso Kiev, Vladimir anabatizidwa ana ake, ndi malo pamene izo zinachitika, komabe wotchedwa Khreshchatyk. Pambuyo pake, madzi a Dnieper anabatizidwa anthu wonse wa Kiev - kuchokera osauka boyars lapansi. Ngati si zinthu zimenezi, sizikanagwira anaonekera Russian obisika paphiri la Athos. Magwero Woyera amatchula kuti Antoniy Pechersky mu Kiev anabwera kuchokera Orthodox kuvomereza zowinda ansembe ku Mountain Woyera.

Phiri Woyera

Athos anali Phiri Woyera pambuyo inatera pa opatulikitsa Theotokos amatsogolera m'chombomo pamodzi ndi atumwi Cyprus Lazaro. Mayi wa Mulungu analalikira kwa anthu achikunja m'dera ndi zozizwitsa zambiri zomwe zinachititsa chakuti sanali okhulupirira alandira Khristu maziko agulupa woyamba pa phiri la Athos, kumene anakhala patroness.

Mbiri ya Mountain Woyera ali zotsika ambiri, koma ziribe kanthu yemwe anali wozunza - ndi Chitata Mongolia, ndi Livonia Knights, kapena Turkey, apo wakhala Orthodox. Tidakhala anawonongedwa ndi kubwezeretsedwa, koma kuyambira 1830 kuti ansembe, nthawi ya ulemerero ndi mtendere idzayamba.

otsatira ambiri a ziphunzitso anapita ku Phiri Woyera, kunyamula mawu a Mulungu kwa anthu ena kapena kumanga mchitidwe umenewu ndi kulimbikitsa monasticism m'mayiko wachikhristu.

Mapanga Saint Anthony tonsured pa Athos mu 1013, anapita ku Kiev kukhazikitsa malo kumene kumakhala Amonke kumeneko. ansembe onse amene anatenga malonjezo paphiri la Athos, ndiyeno anapita m'mayiko ena, kuti anapeza obisika latsopano, anawapatsa dzina "ansembe yotchedwa Svyatogorsk", pokumbukira phiri, lomwe kufalitsa Orthodoxy.

Woyamba Russian obisika paphiri la Athos

Kutchula koyamba za monasticism ros wa Kievan Lazaro paphiri la Athos anali wolumikizana ndi Orthodox Agiriki ndi Iberians (Georgia), amene abodes iwo anachita spodvizhnichestvom. Svyatogorsky Mbiri ya chiyambi cha 11 m'ma amati kuti ros anali mwakuti iwo anapanga pokhala pao pawo "Namwali Wodalitsidwa" (Ksilurgu), amene anafika ndi St. Anthony kwa nthawi yoyamba.

Ngati inu mukukhulupirira mabuku akale, zoyesayesa zake athandiza zikamera wa Kievan Lazaro Prince Vladimir ndi mkazi wake Mfumukazi Anna. Kenako, anathandiza Yaroslav Mudry, amene tcheru kwambiri chitukuko cha Orthodox osati Kyiv, komanso akutali.

Pofika m'ma 12 anali kale ndi obisika, malo Chimonko ambiri, anafunika malo atsopano kwa obisika a. Pambuyo pamtima gulu la pempho Phiri Athos Orthodox ros anapatsidwa, ndipo iwo anapatsidwa kunyumba dilapidated, amene poyamba anali wa Atesalonika. Amonke anamanganso ndi dzina Old Russika. Womwe unali pamwamba m'mapiri, obisika ndi makoma ake amphamvu miyala ankaoneka ngati linga kuposa cloister kumene kumakhala Amonke.

Kuyambira cha m'ma 13, Kievan Lazaro Kutsogolera chigawocho anaitana ansembe Phiri Woyera. Choncho mwambo wa monasticism kufalitsa analandira kwa amonke loyamba la Russia wakale pa Phiri Woyera. Choncho, Vladimir m'dera lolamuliridwa ndi mmonke Russian ku phiri la Athos Joasaph ndi Chernihiv - Euphrosynus, amene anabweretsa mphatso chigawocho chidina woyera - chizindikiro cha Virigo Hodegetria. Ndi chizindikiro ichi amagwirizana zikamera wa ena obisika latsopano m'zaka za m'ma 16 kuchigawo Pskov.

Kufalitsa Athos miyambo ya Kievan Lazaro

Mu mbiri yake yaitali cha Orthodox pa Athos yotengedwa ndi miyambo wokhazikitsidwa ndi miyambo, amene ndiye kufalitsidwa ndi ansembe a Phiri Woyera mu dziko la chikristu.

Chitsanzo wamkulu ndi Lavra Kiev-Pechersk, lomwe linakhazikitsidwa ndi St. Anthony mu 1051. Kuyambira phiri la Athos Chimonko poyamba anapangidwa kuthetsa m'mapanga, Anthony sanali kuchoka miyambo yakale ndipo anakhala mmodzi wa iwo. Anakumba pa phiri mmonke Ilarion, Mlangizi Yaroslava Mudrogo, anali adakhala woyamba wa novice ku Mountain Woyera.

Moyo wosasangalala ndi kupembedza wa Chimonko latsopano zinadziwika kunja Kiev, ndipo anayamba kulowa novices kuchokera kumbali zonse Russia wakale. Pamene chiwerengero chawo anafikira anthu 100, pa pempho la St Anthony amene analamulira pa nthawi Izyaslav anapereka ansembe phiri pamwamba mapanga. Choncho anaonekera nyumba yoyamba matabwa a obisika pa gombe lamanja la Dnieper.

Malinga ndi mwambo wa Athos Chimonko anakumba mafupa a anthu akufa mu zaka 3 ndipo anaikidwa mapanga. Iwo ndi masiku ano mu Lavra Kyiv-Pechersk. A mwambo ofanana analipo m'malo ena linakhazikitsidwa ndi agulupa ku phiri la Athos.

Mpingo wa agulupa pa magombe a Seversky Donets

Svyatogorsky ansembe yotchedwa, anakhazikitsidwa mu 1240 pa choko mapiri a Seversky Donets, alipo lero. Oyambitsa anayamba kuthawa nkhondo ya Batu agulupa ku phiri la Athos. Iwo anabweretsa mwambo womwewo wa maliro, amene Analeredwa ndi iwo pa phiri lopatulika.

Wapadera kapangidwe ka obisika ndi St. Nicholas Church, chosema mwachindunji mu choko phiri ndipo mbali yofunika. Mu malo ake unali mpingo wa Mfundo za Virgin, yemwe anawonongedwa ndi Matope omwe ankakokoloka anawononga a. M'zaka za m'ma 16. mpingo watsopano anali losema mwachindunji mkati phiri, kuti khoma lake.

Pamene ntchito yatha kwathunthu, khoma phiri anawononga dziko waona sikunachitekepo mpingo kukongola, otchedwa ndi anthu "choko". Kachisi waukulu wa agulupa ndi Cathedral wa Akukwera, yomwe inamangidwa patapita zaka zambiri pambuyo lamulo la Catherine 2 na- cha 1787 agulupa Anatseka ndipo akaonekera (monga "dacha ndi munda") Grigory Potemkin.

Adzakhala tinatengera mu Potemkin banja kwa zaka pafupifupi Woyera Dormition Mpingo wa agulupa adadziwa kuwonongedwa ndi chitayiko, ndipo anabwerera ku mpingo kokha mu 1844.

History Svyatogorsk obisika mu Pskov

Chitsanzo china cha mphamvu ya miyambo ya agulupa ku phiri la Athos imatengedwa kukhala chodabwitsa chizindikiro cha Virigo Hodegetria, kamodzi anabweretsa Kievan Lazaro Rev. Evfrosimom. Kudzera chochitika anaonekera Mpingo wa Akukwera ansembe yotchedwa, anamanga pa phiri pafupi Pskov.

Mu 1563 m'busa Timoteyo anali chodabwitsa cha Amayi a Mulungu, amene anamuuza kuti apite ku phiri kukapemphera Shinichi. Pambuyo kukwera phiri, mlimi pemphero kachiwiri anaona chodabwitsa Namwali Wodalitsidwa Mary, amene anamupatsa malangizo kubwerera mu zaka 6. Patapita kanthawi, mbusa anapeza chithunzi mu chizindikirochi "mwachikondi".

Mu 1569 Timoteo wopita kwa ansembe ndi pempho pochitika Inde pa phiri lopatulika ndi Shinichi analankhula za chodabwitsa cha Virigo. Iwo sanali kukhulupirira iye, koma mmodzi wa ansembe misala, kuti anauziridwa anthu ena chizindikiro "mwachikondi" ndi kupita mondondozana kuphiri.

Pa pemphero, anthu amene amapita anaona mtengo chithunzi cha Virgin Hodegetria, amene zozizwitsa za machiritso pa zionetsero za. Za chochitika anaphunzira Ivan m'khutu, amene analamulira pa malo a chozizwitsa kumanga tchalitchi, omwe anakhala woyamba wa yomanga obisika wamwamuna.

Kufotokozera Svyatogorsk obisika

Guwa la mpingo, umene unayamba ndi obisika Svyatogorsk, nayikidwa pa malo a paini, kumene kunali chodabwitsa cha chizindikiro cha Virigo Hodegetria. Ndi mbali wamkulu wa agulupa za - Cathedral wa Akukwera, anamanga mu mzimu wa Pskov zomangamanga zaka zana la 16.

kachisi ali ndi mawonekedwe kiyubiki ndi awiri kanjira khonde. Belu nsanja, anamanga pansi Ivan m'khutu, anawonongedwa, ndipo watsopano anamanga ndi m'zaka za m'ma 19.

arches Internal amapereka mwa mizati wamphamvu Chipilala, ndi ang'ono yopapatiza mazenera pounikira makoma woyera, amene amapereka ulemerero wonse wa kachisi. Kwa iye masitepe awiri phompho la lubwe, ndipo zili padziko mitanda mu malo a manda Chimonko anakumba mpaka kuphiri.

Mpingo wa agulupa ya (chithunzi amasonyeza ukulu wake ndi kukongola) anali poyambira lalikulu Pskov kumanda. Pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World, obisika anali kwambiri kuonongeka, koma utabwezeretsedwa kwathunthu mu 1949 kuyamika kugwirizana pafupi malo ndi dzina A. S. Pushkina.

Pushkin ndi agulupa

Mpingo wa agulupa (Pushkin zithunzi) ndi 4 Km from chuma cha Michael anadandaula pamodzi ndi mayiko ena Abram Hannibal, godson a Peter 1 Mfumukazi Elizabeti. Anatengera izo zapita mayi wolemba ndakatulo wa.

Iye zambiri ankabwera ndi ankagwira ntchito nthawi yaitali. Mu obisika a, Pushkin anali kufunafuna si zopelekedwa mbiri mfundo kugwirizana ndi ulamuliro wa Boris Godunov kuti ndakatulo, komanso kudzoza, kuyendera fairs, zimene zimachizidwa anakonza mu mpanda.

Agulupa ali kumanda banja, kodi anaika abale onse a ndakatulo iyi, kuyambira agogo ake Osip Hannibal, kutsiriza ndi mwini.

Fair ansembe yotchedwa

Iwo kalekale adatikondera anthu fairground madyerero. Mpingo wa agulupa poyamba anawapatsa khoma 5 nthawi chaka, koma kenako chiwerengero chawo zochepa atatu.

Apa anasonkhana amalonda ndi anthu malonda osati kuchokela kuchigawo Pskov, komanso midzi ina ya Russia. chilungamo unachitikira pa Gostiny Dvor, kumene mahema anapereka ndi masitolo, ndi bwino kuti malonda anafunika kupereka ndalama kwa Treasury. Mwachitsanzo, mu 1811 chuma kudzadza ndi 758 rubles. Ndipo ndi 1839-Mu ndalama kuchuluka kwa 2.796 rubles. Choncho, mapwando fairground, Mpingo wa agulupa ndi kuthetsa pafupi Kodi kuonjezera chuma chawo, ndi kwakhudza malonda m'chigawo wonse.

obisika msikiti

Obisika Svyatogorsk akadali amasunga Orthodox tiakachisi - chizindikiro "mwachikondi" ndi Virgin Hodegetria, anabweretsa kamodzi mmonke ku phiri la Athos mu Kievan Lazaro. Mu obisika a chaka chikondwerero chionetsero chikondwerero maonekedwe a chizindikirochi kuti anthu. Lero ndi tsiku lopatulika, adzalemekezedwa ndi Russia onse Orthodox.

obisika lero

Mpingo wa ansembe yotchedwa (Pskov) anali atabwerera ku tchalitchi cha Orthodox mu 1992. Lero malo a amakono, amene nakhalanso ndi miyambo ya Russian Orthodox monasticism, kamodzi anayakira agulupa ku Mountain Woyera.