Statement za Chirasha Russian olemba. mawu Short za chinenero Russian

Chirasha wa mayiko pakati pamwamba asanu pa chiwerengero cha anthu olankhula izo. Ndi chinenero mu Russia, mayiko yapakati-mafuko a Soviet Union, mkulu wa UN. Wapadera okhutira zambiri, kuchuluka kwa stylistic, zinenero zosiyanasiyana, njira limaonetseratu ndi mwayi - kuti ndi kagawo kakang'ono ka makhalidwe zimene tinatengera pa zaka linakhalapo, Chirasha. Mawu olemba opambana, chikhalidwe Asilavo ndi malo apadera mu chinenero chathu izo (adzaupereka kwa nthambi kum'mawa) kutsindika kuti pa nthawi udindo wake mu dera dziko amakulitsa yekha.

Sikokwanira kuphunzira kokha chonenedwa maonekedwe ake. Munthu amene anaphunzitsidwa ndi amene katswiri malamulo ndi makhalidwe a chinenero zolembalemba, amene ankagwira ntchito nthawi zonse olemba bwino ndi ndakatulo ya Russia.

Kodi tili - Sitisunga ...

Koma, mwatsoka, pa siteji lino la boma Russian (onse chitachitika ndi zolembalemba) chinenero amayambitsa mikangano ndi zikuchoka ziyenera losanganikirana. Ena amakhulupirira kuti tsiku ndi tsiku tiyenera kwathunthu amasonyeza zenizeni, choncho amalola ntchito wambirimbiri ngongole (iwo anali nthawi zonse, koma panali muyeso a), achinyamata slang ndi jargon, achipongwe, ndipo ngakhale kutukwana. Ena, kawirikawiri anthu ndi maphunziro philological, tinkada nkhawa ndi chakuti zaka zakubadwa kunyada kwa anthu (kumbukirani mfundo zambiri za olemba kwambiri chinenero Russian) zilekeke kukhala choncho m'tsogolo. Ndipo zimenezi n'zomveka. Nthawi zambiri, ndi TV zenera kapena mkulu nsanja ndale (poganiza kuti pali anthu ophunzira) tikumva kulankhula ndi zambiri zolakwa kalembedwe ndi orthoepic, zooneka ngakhale kwa wophunzira wamba. Koma posachedwapa ntchito wokamba kapena kuyankhula amafuna maphunziro apadera, ndipo ntchito unali chitsanzo cha mawu woyenera kwa nzika iliyonse dziko lalikulu.

Kodi zimayambitsa ndi chotero chitukuko mofulumira chinenero cha Chirasha, chifukwa zikuwononga moyo udindo wake zodabwitsa zotani?

Kulankhula bwino - osati yapamwamba

Ndi zomvetsa chisoni phokoso, koma izo nzoona. Omvera zambiri amakopeka kwambiri luso interlocutor kuti moonetsera Moti wokongola, makamaka yachilendo. Zilibe kanthu, n'koyenera ngati ntchito (ndi ofunika kuti ndibwereze V. Belinsky, amene analemba kuti mawu achilendo, mmalo mwa Russian alipo akhoza amaona mwano "Kulingalira ndi kukoma ...") ndipo ngati tanthauzo lake ndi oipa. Nthawi zambiri ofunika a mmudzi ndi luso kuoneka osiyana ndi anthu, ngakhale mumasonyeza kuti umbuli wathunthu kapena kusalabadira za malamulo analandira amakhalidwe abwino. Pa nkhani imeneyi, ndimakumbukira sichinali mawu umodzi za Chirasha Russian olemba. Mwachitsanzo, ena angachite kuti athane ndi chinenero - amatanthauza kuganiza ndi chinachake chonga (Tolstoy). Chekhov, kuganizira za makhalidwe a munthu waluntha, ananena kuti kulankhula zinthu zoipa "ayenera kutengedwa ngati chosayenera kuti athe kuwerenga ndi kulemba" kwa iye. Good kudziwa ndi kukumbukira kuti andale athu, kanjedza chikhalidwe, TV ndi ogwira ntchito wailesi kukonzekera mtundu wina wa kulankhula pagulu.

Ndalama mawu - chizindikiro cha nthawi mofulumira madzi

chodabwitsa china zoipa yopita ku impoverishment chinenero Russian - yogwira ntchito mu moyo watsiku ndi tsiku wa mafoni ndi Intaneti. Pakuti kuyenera zawo zonse, tisaiwale kuti anthu masiku ano inaima kulemba ndi kuwerenga. Mu udzu zonse lalifupi SMS akhala njira yaikulu ya kulankhulana si achinyamata ndi achinyamata komanso anthu akuluakulu. Koma kale kwa zaka zilembo miyambo ndi zinthu zonse zakale - anali m'malo ndi imelo, kawirikawiri wopangidwa mwa mawu angapo yochepa, mopupuluma chokongoletsedwa. Pa dzanja limodzi, ndithudi, chinthu chabwino kuti m'badwo wamakono kuphunzira mwachidule kufotokoza maganizo awo ndi flexibly anatani zimene zikuchitika. Ndipotu, ngakhale Nekrasov otchedwa kunena kotero, "ananenedwa kuti anali pafupi ndi malingaliro - lalikulu." Izo ziri ngati yochepa neno pa chinenero cha Chirasha ndi ubwino wa kulankhula zambiri kawirikawiri yeniyeni. Chifukwa cha kufupika amakhala kusonyeza maganizo yochepa, kusowa kwa mawu, osati maganizo lakuthwa.

Mphamvu yaikulu ya akuti luso

Mbadwo uno panopa vuto, monga taonera kale, ndi kuti ali inaima kuwerenga. ntchito yapamwamba, chimene angapo zaka zapitazo, muwerengenso amangokhalira ndipo kangapo lero ophunzira ambiri - osati! - anatembenukira kwa chogwira ntchito mopitirira muyeso. Kodi kwenikweni pali kusangalala ndi ndakatulo zazikulu za Pushkin, Lermontov, Blok, Yesenin, Tsvetayeva ... kapena chifundo chenicheni ngwazi za Gogol, Turgenev, Tolstoy, Bunin, Chekhov, Bulgakov ... Today anagonjetsa mwachidule awo - kale bwino. Pakali pano, zolemba ndi mawu za mabuku Russian chinatsimikizira yaitali bwino kwa chonse, kuwerenga ntchito zabwino luso kumathandiza kuphunzira kulankhula zokongola ndi molondola, mwachidule molondola zakukhosi kwawo. Mwachitsanzo, M. Lomonosov m'nthawi yake bukuli ankaona gwero la "kukongola, ulemerero, mphamvu ndi kulemera kwa chinenero cha Chirasha." Descartes amatchedwanso kuwerenga mabuku abwino "Kukambirana ndi anthu abwino nthawi apitawo ...". Ndipo anthu amene ali ndi mwayi wokhala ndi chinenero yekha luso, adzatsegula tanthauzo lenileni la mawu K.Paustovsky: "A zambiri mawu Russian limatulutsa ndakatulo ...".

Chogwidwa soda ndi tabloids

Kodi afika mu kubweranso kwa achinyamata tingachipeze powerenga mabuku amene mawa akuimira dziko lathu ndi kusamalira izo? Makamaka yochepa, koma losaiwalika "Musi-pusi" ndi "nsidze PHWA" mu tanthauzo soda nyimbo ndi nyimbo rhythmic. Kapena wosatha peremyvaniya mafupa ndi nkhani wosazindikira m'mabuku otsika-zikope: tabloid, tabloid ofufuza nkhani komanso mabuku za chikondi. Ndipo amene ali kale pano angakumbukire mawu olemba opambana a chinenero cha Chirasha, amene akutchedwa "kusintha, zobiriwira, inexhaustibly wolemera, wanzeru, ndakatulo chida" (Tolstoy), amawathandiza mu moyo, kapena "chinthu chofunika palokha," mmene "onse grainy chachikulu, ngale yekha "(Nikolai Gogol).

Chikondi cha dziko akuyamba ndi chikondi cha chinenero

Malingaliro otere akudyetsedwa ku lingaliro limodzi zofunika. Munthu aliyense ayenera kukumbukira nthawi zonse chinthu chimodzi: popanda amadziŵa bwino chinenero sangakhale patriot, umene unatsimikiziridwa ndi lalifupi onena za chinenero cha Chirasha. chiyankhulo cha Amalawi - ndi "mbiri ya anthu, njira ya chitukuko ndi chikhalidwe" (Kuprin), "chibvomerezo cha anthu, moyo ndi moyo ..." (P. Vyazemsky). Ndicho chifukwa nthawi pamodzi ndi zinthu zopelekedwa kwa chidziwitso chonse njira zikuchitika pa chitukuko cha dziko, kupeza bwino ntchito za folklore (makamaka miyambi songs, epics), katswiri wa mabuku, mawu maphunziro.

Polongosola mwachidule, ine ndikufuna kuti Atchule mawu odziwika N. Karamzin kuti sindingathe kupemphera wekha patriot popanda chikondi kwa lilime mayi.

Ikani mu dziko

Ankam'fooketsa anthu ambiri kukhala ndi kulankhula makamaka zokhumudwitsa ndi maziko a kuzindikira nyota za galamala alendo athu. Mwachitsanzo, mawu abwino a Chirasha atsogoleri yachilendo kutsindika ukulu wake pa zinenero zina ndizodziwikiratu. The olemera onse "m'zilembo European", "chinenero ndakatulo" amanenela ndi French wolemba P. Merimee, "wokongola", "amphamvu kwambiri ndi wolemera chinenero moyo" - Chichewa. Ndi lofunika apa ndi mawu a Chirasha Russian olemba. Padziko lonse kuzindikira ndi ukulu wa galamala Russian chikondwerero andakatulo M. Lomonosov M. Derzhavin. Malinga ndi Dostoevsky imodzi, katswiri chinenero zonse mbadwa, mukhoza kuphunzira chinenero china. Ndi zodabwitsa ndi maganizo a Leo Tolstoy, amene anali mwangwiro French. Iye anavomereza kuti chiphaso chatha yekha kuti "moonetsera", koma mtima kwa mtima kulankhula kokha mu Russian.

"The Russian chinenero - chimodzi mwa zilankhulo wolemera kwambiri mu dziko ..."

Iye analemba kuposa zaka zapitazo Belinsky. Powerenga mawu olemba opambana a chinenero cha Chirasha, mukhoza pang'onopang'ono kumvetsa malamulo a mawu angwiro, amene anakhala, monga taonera kale, mukusoŵa masiku awa. "Pali phokoso ayi, mitundu, zithunzi ndi malingaliro amene sanapezeke mawu enieni" - anati K. Paustovsky. Ndipo Chekhov, pofuna kupulumutsa m'nthawi yake ndi obadwa kudziŵa kwambiri ndi mawu, anachenjeza kuti: "chinenero ayenera kukhala osavuta komanso yokongola." Ndiye, mu manja angathe izo, iye ankaganiza A.Kuprin, adzakhala "wokongola, mosangalatsa, limaonetseratu, kusintha, omvera, anzeru komanso lalikulu," ndipo, malinga K.Paustovsky, ndi inu mungathe "ntchito zodabwitsa".

Wodzala ndi chikondi ndi ulemu, ndi mawu onse a akuyimba Russian chinenero Russian.

"Wamkulu, wamphamvu, zoona ndi ufulu ..."

achipongwe amenewa chopatsika mayi lilime I. S. Turgenev, wolemba ndakatulo mu prose, wodziwika, mwinamwake, nzika iliyonse ya dziko. Amaona wolemba "chilimbikitso komanso chithandizo", chimene chimafuna kutali. ntchitoyo zinapatsira ndi chikondi chopanda malire kwa chuma chachikulu cha anthu amene amathandiza kuti mwachikulu amayang'anitsitsa zimene zikuchitika m'dzikoli. Kulandira maganizo ngati Ivan S. ndi kulemekeza anthu Russian - sing'anga wamkulu wa chinenero. mfundo ziwirizi wogwirizana ndi m'maganizo a wolembayo, umboni ndi yochepa neno pa chinenero cha Chirasha: "N'zosatheka kukhulupirira kuti chinenero sanapatsidwe mtundu waukulu."

"Amayi lilime"

Full zotsutsana, chapamwamba ndipo penapake zomvetsa chisoni ndakatulo symbolist Bryusov. Ndakatulo momveka bwino kuvomereza wake kuti chinenero ndi iye mwiniwake wa zinthu zofunika kwambiri kwa anthu Russian. Iye amapereka mapiko odzipereka, koma mu "wotchi kusabala," akumira mu chinsinsi cha phokoso lachilendo. Komabe, Chirasha kwa ndakatulo iyi si "lenileni" komanso "mdani sioneka," "mfumu", amene maunyolo wake ndipo sanalole kuti apite. Chifukwa Bruce moyenerera amafuna yekha cha chuma chake chonse ndi cholowa. Similar mfundo za Chirasha Russian olemba ndi ndakatulo kutsimikizira ntchito yawo wapadera padziko lapansi: kusunga lonjezo lalikulu kwa anthu, ndi kupereka kwa ana awo. "Dziko lanu - muyaya nyumba yanga" - atamukoka mzere pansi malingaliro ake Bryusov, kudziwa malo a chinenero cha Chirasha mu miyoyo yawo.

Ndi K. Balmont

Mtsinje ndi steppe thambo wodzazidwa ndi kukuwa chiombankhanga nkhandwe kubangula, mabelu Haji ndi kulira nkhunda, kung'ung'udza ndi ofunika mtengo masika amaona Chirasha mu ndakatulo chomwecho. Mawu mfiti kumathandiza ndakatulo pofotokoza zapadera za dziko, kusonyeza chikondi kwa nyumba za makolo, ndi Russia, amene anakakamizika kusiya mpaka kalekale.

Mu makoti m'nkhani ino, mawu za chinenero kwambiri Russian kuvomereza mawu a wina ndi K. Balmont - "Chirasha: chifuniro The monga maziko a zinthu." Mmenemo ndakatulo adzaitana chinenero cha "woona, primordial, woyera, wabwino kwambiri," mbali ya "mmodzi wa mascots waukulu" Russia kwambiri. Chakwanira kukhudza Chirasha, ndipo adzapereka zapamwamba chithunzi, bwino kuti aliyense kuyambira ali mwana. Ndipo pemphero la zomveka Balmont mizere wotchuka ndi kukhumba mu ukapolo Turgenev.

"Mtima"

Ndakatulo ina yaikulu limabweretsa Anna Akhmatova, zinalembedwa mu 1941 mu anazinga Leningrad. Akhmatova ayankhula mu nthawi yovuta kwambiri kwa dziko la nkhope lonse m'badwo, amene anatsogolera dziko ndi yaikulu chuma national: "... ife adzapulumutsa inu, Russian kulankhula ...." Izi ntchito yake yoyamba monga wolemba ndakatulo nzika, chingathe "mawu Great Russian" kuuzira ndi thandizo la muno. Ndipo ngati lumbiro kuwomba mizere wotsiriza wa ndakatuloyi: "ufulu ndi bwino ... inu chinapululutsa ku ukapolo mpaka kalekale."

Ndithudi, mfundo zimene olemba Russian chinenero Russian, ndi ndakatulo wokongola wa mphamvu zake ndi nyonga osati kuthandiza anthu zovuta kwambiri kuti iye ndi dziko.

Polongosola mwachidule

Mosakayikira, Russian mabuku a chinenero cha ndalama za golide za dziko lathu. Ndipo zosemasema chojambulidwa pa izo aphatikizidwa chuma cha mabuku dziko. Ndipo aliyense watero Chirasha Russian olemba, olemba ndakatulo ndi amisiri ena patatha zaka zambiri ndipo zaka anali zinapatsira kunyada chomwecho chakuti iwo ndi kuchigwiritsa, chikhulupiriro mu mphamvu Zake, tiyenera kukhalabe kuti tinapatsidwa monga cholowa a.