Spanish ndakatulo García Lorca: MBIRI, zilandiridwenso

Wotchuka Msipanishi Federico García Lorca pa luso zaka mazana makumi awiri kale kukhala mmodzi wa kanjedza zofunika kwambiri. cholowa wake wapita kupitirira chikhalidwe dziko ndi anafotokozera za njira yaikulu ya chitukuko cha luso osati mabuku komanso mu kupenta, nyimbo, zisudzo ndi mafilimu a kanema. ndakatulo Lorca amasuliridwa m'zinenero zambiri.

Kuchokera yonena za ndakatulo iyi

Federico García Lorca anabadwa June 5, chaka cha 1898 m'tauni yaing'ono ya Fuente Vaqueros, likulu oyang'anira tauni ya m'chigawo cha Granada. Pali ndipo anakhala ubwana wake ndi unyamata a ndakatulo iyi. Bright ndi ntchito zake zosiyanasiyana talente imodzi ya mnyamata ankaonedwa m'banda, amene analola wamng'ono Federico kutenga nawo mbali pa moyo wa gulu akuzigawo luso. Mu Granada, García Lorca University kuphunzira maphunziro angapo - malamulo, nzeru ndi mabuku. Pa zaka naintini akale Spanish ndakatulo limafalitsa m'chigawo choyamba cha ndakatulo, "Chidwi ndi mitunda". Bukuli kupereka anthu otsutsa mzinda napita naye kutchuka kunja m'chigawo kwawo.

Mu likulu,

Atasamuka mu 1919 Madrid, Federico García Lorca akulowa kampani Anthu ambiri amene pambuyo pake udzatchedwa zapamwamba luso m'zaka. The wodziwika pakati pawo Salvador Dali ndi Luis Bunuel. ndakatulo Lorca a ankadziwika ndi mu ankafuna ku likulu Spanish, zomwe iye ndi kulenga mgwirizano "Eslava" zisudzo. Malingaliro a mkulu wa gulu la Martínez Sierra, iye analemba kusewera "Ufiti ndi agulugufe", limene bwinobwino ankachitika mu 1920. The moyo chipwirikiti cha ndakatulo bohemia amayesetsa zimagwirizizirana ndi maphunziro ku University of likulu. Pakati pa ophunzira ake, iye ankaona mpaka 1928. nthawi ili yonse ndakatulo mwakhama Mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Mu mzinda yosindikiza nyumba zopereka wake ndakatulo. achinyamata ndakatulo ntchito zikawerengedwa ndi chidwi osiyanasiyana omvera, kukambirana ndi tamutchula atolankhani.

Avant-garde wojambula

Pakuti azungu European luso la makumi ndi mmasate zaka mazana makumi awiri anali nthawi ya kusintha kwakukulu. rethinking chosintha ndi chiwonongeko anali pansi ambiri anakhazikitsa njira mwambo kwa zaka zambiri. Pamodzi ndi anthu ake ndi anzake mu mtima wa ndondomeko imeneyi, amapezeka ndi Federico García Lorca. yonena wake yogwirizana ndi zochitika za luso avant-garde. N'kosatheka kuona chikoka mwagwirizana amagwiritsa ntchito pa ndiAmene mzake luso ano. Ntchito za titans zaka mazana makumi awiri - Salvador Dali, Luisa Bunyuelya, Pablo Pikasso, Federico García Lorca - kuyang'ana osiyana ngati ojambula zithunzi izi ntchito mosiyana ndi mnzake. Yodziwika ndi chakuti kuwonjezera pa ndakatulo ndi sewero zotsatira kulenga ya Spanish ndakatulo mulinso zojambula ndi zithunzi.

"Gypsy m'Chiarabu"

Chimodzi mwa zochitika mabuku ake a ndakatulo wodzipereka kwa García Lorca Gypsy chibwenzi dziko. Mu Chikhalidwe cha kum'mwera zigawo za Spain Gypsy chigawo wakhala wotanganidwa malo oyenera. Koma mu ndime García Lorca zithunzi khalidwe la dziko Gypsy akanatha tuna ndi mitundu yatsopano. Mwatsopano ndi zachilendo limene linatuluka m'chaka cha 1928, ndakatulo zosonkhanitsira "Gypsy m'Chiarabu" ndi kuti ndakatulo akhoza mwachizolowezi wophiphiritsa nthano Gypsy folklore kupereka njira limaonetseratu za luso avant-garde m'zaka za m'ma makumi awiri.

Ku New York City

Mtima wofuna kuwoloka nyanja kumlingo anakumana ndi anthu ambiri a kudzinenera kulenga. A mbali yofunika kwambiri osankhika European aluntha anali mbali ina ya Atlantic pokonzekera ya ngoziyo pang'ono nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse. Koma Federico García Lorca anapita ku America kale akasinja ndi rumbled mayendedwe m'misewu ya Europe. Pakuti ndakatulo iyi, alendowa anali kufuna kubooleza kuti M'maso latsopano kulenga. N'zovuta kunena mmene anali kuyembekezera cholinga chake, koma ku New York, wolemba ndakatulo ntchito yambiri ndipo limafalitsa buku latsopano. Pasanathe zaka ziwiri nthawi American a moyo wake García Lorca analemba kusewera "Omvera" ndi "liti kutenga zaka zisanu." Ndipo mawu a nthawi imeneyi linali Bukhu ndakatulo "ndakatulo ku New York." Koma kudalira bwino ndithu cha ntchito yake Chingelezi malo Spanish ndakatulo sizinali zofunikira.

Bwererani ku Spain

Mu mmasate oyambirira andale kugwedezekagwedezeka ukuwonjezeka mu Iberia. Ndi ndondomeko izi chinachitikira ndi kubwerera kwa Federico García Lorca ku America. Koma anabwerera kwawo wadziwa Wolemba Wolemba wina, amene masewero anali wopambana kwambiri m'mabwalo ambiri. Mu 1931, ndakatulo iyi anafunsidwa kuti atsogolere wophunzira zisudzo "La Baccara". Mutayamba mwatsatanetsatane ichi, García Lorca ntchito yoyang'anira Chili ndi ntchito kwambiri m'mabuku. Nthawi imeneyi analemba masewero awiri kuti aphatikizidwa mu thumba golide mabuku Spanish - ". Amagazi Ukwati" "Nyumba ya Bernarda Alba" ndipo Patsogolo anali kwambiri maganizo atsopano, ndi amene anali kuyembekezera ndithu.

imfa ndakatulo ndi

Mu mofulumira chinalimba mu Spanish Civil nkhondo Federico García Lorca sanali kupepesa kapena mmodzi wa zipani kumenyana. Mwina iye ankaganiza kuti kukhala pamwamba nkhondoyo, mukhoza amaona kuti ndi otetezeka mbali zonse za okwatiranawo lapansi. Koma kuya kwa zinyengo iye akanakhoza kumvetsa kokha pamene chilichonse zolondola kunali kosatheka. García Lorca ankadziwa kuti Granada akagwidwa achifasizimu Spanish, pamene iye anapita ku dera lake chakwawo August 1936. Komabe, mfundo imeneyi sanapereke chidwi. Pa masiku otsiriza a ndakatulo ndi pang'ono kwambiri odalirika zambiri. Koma tikudziwa kuti iye anamangidwa pa 16 August 1936 ndipo anawomberedwa tsiku lotsatira ndi chigamulo cha bwanamkubwa wa Granada Valdes Guzman. mudziwe kwambiri zotsutsana kuti zikuchititsa kuti ndakatulo iyi. Malinga ndi zimene mabuku ena amanena, ndi ndakatulo pang'ono ndi khalidwe limaonetseratu zithunzi ndi surreal. Amati iwo mwano achipembedzo ndi maganizo abwino lopondereza kazembeyo. Koma magwero ena amanena kuti wolemba ndakatulo mlandu wa chokhudza nkhani yogonana.

Koma lero sikutheka molondola kupeza zimene anali mlandu ndakatulo chiyani, komanso malo kuphedwa ake ndi manda. thupi ndakatulo chinapezeka mu 2008 ku kutsegula kwa manda a mmasate lapansi. Zimenezi zimandipatsa Baibulo alipo kuti Federico García Lorca sanali kuwomberedwa. N'zosatheka kuchotsa sizikanatheka kuti ndakatulo kuphedwa, kenako linasiiratu mu maelstrom nkhondo yapachiweniweni.