South Georgia ndi South Sandwich Islands. Atlantic nyanja

Pa mfundo kum'mwera kwa nyanja ya Atlantic madera chigulu cha chiphala chiyambi dziko: South Georgia ndi Sandwich Archipelago. Kodi tikudziwa za iwo? Kodi mayina amenewa ndi zapita, anatulukira amene ndi chomwe iwo ali chidwi? Tiyeni tione pa chidutswa cha Atlantic.

South Georgia: ofotokoza ndi nyengo

South Georgia, ndi George - chilumbachi ngati paradaiso anyani ndi zisindikizo, komanso zilumba za dzina yemweyo, amene wapangidwa ndi zilumba 9 ndi miyala 4. Ndi apa kuti madera lalikulu la nyama zimenezi. Chilumba ndi zoposa 3500 Km ^2, ndipo ambiri a iwo ali ndi ndere Titafika pamalo ndi lichens. Nkhanza nyengo musalole monyadira wokongola malo achilengedwe.

Nawa wamba meadows zikuluzikulu yokutidwa ndi udzu zabwino, ndi Titafika pamalo, palibe mitengo ndi zitsamba. Gawo la chilumba pamalo okwera mamita 300 pamwamba pa nyanja, yokutidwa ndi mitsinje ndi ayezi wosatha. Lokha dziko ili si ochezeka kwambiri kwa anthu. Miyala, achisanu mphepo ndi zonse mitambo nyengo ndi matalala kapena drizzle palibe chabwino osakhulupirika ndipo ndithudi mulibe moyo pa chilumba chimenechi. Choncho, kunyumba kwa anthu pafupifupi 30. Nyanja amaundana pa yekha chatsekedwa Bay kwa kanthawi pa chifundo cha ayezi.

South Sandwich Islands: Kufotokozera

Kodi mbali imeneyi malo osiyanasiyana? Ngati inu kulabadira Atlantic Ocean pa mapu a dziko lapansi, zilumba ili kum'mwera gawo ambiri a iwo, pa mtunda wa 570 Km from Georgia. Ndi malo, ndi zilumba yaing'ono m'nyanja (a okwana 310 Km ^2), wopangidwa mwa ziwembu 13 kakang'ono ka dziko. Omwazikana Arc a zilumba chiphala ali bwinja miyala. Komabe, si anthu ochepa. Izi ngodya zonse za dziko lapansi kumene kuli anthu ndi zinyama ndinazolowera opweteka chilengedwe subarctic. Koma anthu, Sandwich Islands ndi chidwi makamaka okha akatswiri. chakuti pano amakhala nambala yaikulu ya mbalame mu dziko. Komanso, magombe izi miyala osankhidwa zisindikizo, anyani mfumu ndi anthu ena a nyengo subarctic.

Chilumba chachikulu cha chilumbachi - Montagu - amadziwika mapiri yogwira. kuphulika Last chinachitika mu 2008. Ndi kopanda, ndi Sandwich Islands ndi mbali ina ya Andes ili America South. M'mayiko awa anapita yekha ndi kozizira ulendo. Polingalira za moyandikana ozizira mafunde subantarctic zilumba za icebound kuchokera May mpaka kumayambiriro December.

History of anapeza

Malinga ndi mfundo, chisumbu cha South Georgia chinamasulidwa mu 1675 ndi wamalonda dzina lake Entoni De La Roche. Adayenda pamadzi kuchoka ku Chile kuti Brazil ndi msewu anali ndi mphepo yamkuntho, amene kum'chotsa kum'mawa. Gulu anatha chitetezo Bay a chilumba wosadziwika, wokhala Choncho apainiya. malo a dziko wakhala dzina lake polemekeza Roche. 100 okha patapita zaka zambiri, mu 1775, pa ulendo wake wachiwiri kwa chidutswa cha dziko anadza wotchuka Dzheyms Kuk. Ndipo Iye anafotokoza chilumbachi ndi anamukantha pa mapu. Komanso, kutsatira malamulo British, wofufuza ananena izo mu UK ndi kuupereka dzina lake polemekeza Mfumu George.

Ndiye Dzheyms Kuk kufufuza ndi Sandwich Islands, kutsegula angapo zilumba ang'ono ndi dzina lake iwo Lapansi Sandwich, koma kufotokoza tsatanetsatane wa iwo anaonekera mu 1819. Ndiye maulendowa Lazarev - Bellingshausen anatsegula 6 m'madera ambiri kakang'ono ka dziko. Popeza Atlantic Ocean pa map anawonjezera zilumba wina. Kusintha udindo wake zinachitika kumayambiriro kwa zaka 20. Britain inali Sandwich Islands kuyambira 1908.

pambuyo kutsegula

Choncho, m'mayiko ena anaonekera amtengo, ndipo kodi kuchita nawo - sakudziwika. Chifukwa nyengo wankhanza wa moyo kumene anapeza zilumba ndi sizingatheke. Moyandikana Antarctic kuzichita nyengo: kutentha kumeneko sasefukira pamwamba madigiri 5 nyengo ya dzinja ndi asagwe pansipa madigiri 2 Celsius. Ndipo onse angachite, koma kulimbikira chisanu ndi nyengo mitambo ndi kuchisonyeza madigiri m'munsi -10. Thawirani zilumba za paliponse, anthu tidapita pano basi zisindikizo kusaka ndi mikango nyanja.

Koma zambiri zasintha pamene anayamba whaling. Whaling zombo pofunafuna anasambira nyama kum'mwera kwambiri kwa Atlantic, ndipo kuyambira 1904 pachilumba cha South Georgia midzi unayamba kuonekera. Adayambitsa kuthetsa woyamba Grytviken anali Norway ndi British nzika Carl Larsen.

Yambani whaling

Popeza 1904, pa George chilumba anaonekera mafakitale asanu nsomba. Ngakhale nyengo nkhanza, whalers asangalala, ndipo apa nthawi zonse panali anthu okwana 1,000. Mu Grytviken lili bungwe lolamulira la Argentine kampani nsomba. Onse a iwo anaiika Bay chobisa kugombe la kumpoto kwa chilumbachi.

Tinagwira ntchito ku kampani imeneyi makamaka Norwegians. Leases whalers anapereka kazembe English. Ngakhale kuti England unakhazikitsidwa mu 1909, pafupi ndi whaling m'munsi mwa Grytviken pakati kasamalidwe - Mfumu Edward Point, archipelagos analamulira bwanamkubwa wa Islands ndi Falkland.

Nkhondo m'gawo

Argentina sanayambe anazindikira ufulu wokhala ndi UK ku South Georgia South Sandwich Islands. zonena zawo ankapereka, kuyambira 1938. Ena nthawi m'ma 50s, Argentina chinali chaka m'munsi Tenniente-ESQUIVEL mu Gulf wa Ferguson Bay pachilumba cha analitcha kuti Thule, yomwe ili kum'mwera kwa Sandwich Islands. Ndipo kuyambira mu 1976 ndipo pofika 1982, inali maziko panyanja "Corbett Uruguay." The British anali odziwa bwino za kukhalapo kwa Argentina pa m'gawo lake kunja, koma njira asilikali kuthetsa izo sanatenge.

Izo zinachitika March 19, 1982. Ndiye gulu la Argentines kumachita ngati ogulitsa zidutswa, anatenga anasiya whaling m'munsi mu Gulf wa Leith Harbor pa South Georgia. Ndipo pa April 3, anadzasokoneza nakhala Grytviken.

British Asilikali anapezanso Island April 25, 1982. M'kupita kwa ntchito asilikali okwana 13,000 asilikali British ndi 20,000 Argentines anali nawo. Kugonjetsedwa mu nkhondo inatsogolera kusintha boma Argentina ndi UK anathandiza kuti chigonjetso cha kukula kwa dziko lawo. Wolemba wina analankhula za nkhondo: "kukangana awiri dazi chifukwa chisa." Ndipo zinali nkhondo opusa, imene anthu anaphedwa. Mpaka 2001, panali yaing'ono asilikali asilikali zochokera Mfumu Edward Point. Panthawi imeneyi, m'munsi anachokera nazo ya British Antarctic Survey.

zilumba lero

Pakali pano, ku zilumba zimenezi chiphala ndi chidwi kwa kusonyeza kwambiri za Maulendo sayansi. Iwo inachitika m'chilimwe maphunziro nyengo ndi kuyang'anila anapangidwa ndi madera wapadera wa mbalame. Pachilumba cha South Georgia opezeka warbler okha Antarctica - kavalo lalikulu. Komanso, albatrosses ambiri padziko pano, petrels, cormorants, gulls ndi terns, mukhoza amasirira kukongola, anyani ndi rookeries yaikulu walruses ndi zisindikizo.

Chifukwa cha ntchito chiphala chamoto, mu Sandwich Islands, amene asunga kuyambira anatulukira, miyoyo ya anthu m'madera awo kuli kovuta. Koma kuno nthawi anaika Antarctic ulendo. Kwa kanthawi England anakonza chitukuko cha malonda alendo mu zilumba, koma ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri ulendo.

zowoneka

Today pachilumba cha South Georgia, Grytviken m'mudzi, ndi zakale, mungapezeko timudziwe bwino mbiri ya chilumbachi. M'mbuyomu, tinayamba kumanganso whaling awo inasokoneza m'munsi mwa chidwi m'deralo. Komanso pa chisumbu m'manda wotchuka kumalo ozizira wofufuza Ernest Shekelton ndi wachiwiri wake Frenk Uald. Koma chidwi chachikulu cha archipelagos awa kutali ndi chambiri anyani ndi nyama zam'madzi. Ndipo pafupi Sandwich Islands, inu mukhoza kuona zimphona zazikulu - chinsomba. Apa iwo ali - muyeso ambiri mwa zilumba Atlantic.