Small mikono: AK-12. NKHANI AK-12

Tiyeni tiyambe tikukambirana za AK-12 ndi terminology lapansi. owerenga ambiri adzakhala poyamba kupeza kuti chopunthwitsa. Iwo ali osokonezeka, osadziwa mtundu wa zida: makina mfuti kapena kuukira mfuti. Ife tifulumire kukudziwitsani kuti choonadi ichi, monga nthawi zambiri, ndi lophweka: ndi chinthu chomwecho. Russian mawu "makina" (anayamba kugwiritsa ntchito armourer Frolov) mu English poyamba wolingana kumenya mfuti, izo zikutanthauza "kumenya mfuti."

Latsopano AK-12 lakonzedwa pa Izhevsk Machine Nyumba Bzalani motsogozedwa ndi injiniya mkulu wa gulu la - Tula gunsmith Zlobin Vladimir Viktorovich.

Izi V chida masewero m'badwo zochokera umisiri wamakono wa zokha chakale, yokhudza yaitali njira mpweya pisitoni ndi onsewo bawuti. Chochititsa chidwi kusintha structural zinapangidwa kuti wolandila lapansi.

The malangizo chachikulu cha kusintha anali kuwonjezeka ndi lolondola moto, ergonomics bwino, nzeru yodziyimira payokha kamangidwe, ndi zapamwamba "zofewa" nthunzi zokha, luso logwiritsa ntchito zosiyanasiyana launchers grenade. The n'zotsimikizira waukulu zida (woperekedwa mu millimeters) - 5.45 39 (komanso AK-74). Komabe, monga adzapatsidwa ndi calibers ena: 5,56 45 7,62 mpaka 39; 7.62 kuti 51. kupanga The nawonso ankayembekezera 7.62 51 (NATO muyezo) ndi 6,5 Grendel.

kusankhidwa

Kodi kumasulila latsopano kumenya mfuti ndi magwiridwe? Popeza November chaka chatha, monga mukudziwa, pa firings mayeso imachitika pa mayeso izhmashevskoy m'munsi, izo lidatsirizika makhalidwe analengeza za makina. M'chaka cha 2014 izo anamaliza razrabotcheskie ndi mayeso ake ntchito TSNIITOCHMASH, ndi AK-12 mu utumiki. Asilikali udzapeza mu ntchito, zomwe mwayika 5,45 ndi 7,62 mm. Komanso, chida ichi latsopano adzakhala mwachangu zimagulitsidwa. Dziwani kuti limodzi la malingaliro a chilengedwe chake chinali kuwonjezeka mu gawo Russian a msika manja mayiko chifukwa cha mpikisano bwino ndi zitsanzo yachilendo ya makina.

Amawatenga uyu anali mawu ndi Oleg Bochkarev, wachiwiri wapampando wa asilikali mafakitale zovuta za boma Russian pa 16.09.2013, mu kuyankhulana ndi wailesi "Echo wa Moscow".

zina zinawukhira ku nyuzipepala "Vzglyad" zikuonetsa kuti Pulezidenti wa Russia linavomereza zotsatirazi chiwembu updating makina a silikhali Utumiki: Russian matekinoloje bungweli amatumizidwa makina watsopano pa zaka zitatu kwa Utumiki wa chitetezo ndi malo zida.

The watsopano kumenya mfuti, cholinga m'malo ataima pa AK-74 zida. Lero, monga ife tikudziwira, chitsanzo uyu akuchita zofunika oyenda chida. Iwo, mosamalitsa kulankhula, ndi kusinthidwa, choyamba pasadakhale (mu "zosokoneza" mpikisano chitukuko "Abakan"), ndipo kenako - pa kanthu chake pa 2013-2014. (Pa kukulitsa "Abakan yojambula" akulimbana konstuirovaem latsopano "Kalashnikov"). Mayesero anasonyeza AK-12: msika manja anabwera latsopano yoopsa chida m'njira zambiri makhalidwe a mfuti kumenya kugulitsidwa m'mayiko ena.

patsogolo Major

Motero, ntchito yolenga pa kusintha kwa V m'badwo "Kalashnikov" mu zofunika kapangidwe AK-74M (IV Generation) 18 zopangidwa kusintha lofunika structural. Pa nthawi yomweyo anatha kusunga tingachipeze powerenga "Kalashnikov" Kamangidwe, kudalirika ndi kuphweka.

AK-12 wapatsidwa okonza nzeru hule limagwirira kuti amalola kuti yowotcha a mitundu itatu ya moto: akatemera wosakwatiwa, kuwombera bursts, Kasupe wa chowomberedwa ndi mfuti adzafupikitsidwa (kudula wolemera) - mu zipolopolo zitatu.

patsogolo chidwi: potsiriza yaotomatiki zida Russian pambuyo zaka zokambirana, komabe ndithu kwenikweni omasuka ergonomic kulamulira.

Pa mayesero taonera mayiko lopinda telescoping buttstock, Zipangizo khasu. Ntchito butts awiri kusinthidwa. The choyamba - amene zoona, ali ndi Kalashnikov AK-74. The chachiwiri - kwambiri manufacturable, telescopic ndi kusintha zisanu malo. Yotsirizira amalola manja mwangwiro zoyenera pansi anthropometry muvi. Kwambiri yafupika angadzachite, zomwe ndithu amakhudza lolondola moto. Bwino kuwombera mode cutoff.

makina ali ndi mamangidwe yodziyimira payokha, amene amalola khazikitsa migolo mosinthana wa likungosonyeza osiyana ndi kutalika. Bukuli lakonzedwa ngati nsanja m'munsi zimene zimaphatikizapo chitukuko cha zosintha 20 wotsatira.

Pamene angagwiritse latsopano Russian kumenya mfuti amagwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zatsopano ndi zokutira. Pomanga choyambirira 10 patenti njira luso.

ergonomics

Gwiritsani ntchito AK-12 lamanzere hander adzakhala monga yabwino monga bwino-hander: chogwirira kudzutsa mphamvu, pa kusankha mbuye zida mosavuta kuwayalanso kapena kudzanja lamanja kapena lamanzere. Inde, zimakhudza zabwino mphamvu zake nkhondowo zotsatirazi zoonekeratu mbali atagwira makina ndi dzanja limodzi, kudzakhala kotheka kusinthana mitundu la Moto lomwelo, unfasten sitolo, kuvala chida pa lama fuyusi, ndi kumuwombera iye. Kuchita zimenezi, makamaka chala kuwombera m'manja okonzeka 2-njira 4-njira yomasulira-lama fuyusi.

nthawi recharge ndi amachepa AK-12 likuvutika latsopano yomanga ndi Wopanda amasiya batani zinamangidwa pamwamba shopu, pa wolandila lapansi. Machine ali ndi dongosolo ena okonda: kulimbitsa wolandila aphimba masuku wodalirika kutsogolo articulation kugwirizana kwake ndi wolandila lapansi. Mu gawo lake kumbuyo kapu iyi yaikidwa ndi wapadera latch ndalezo actuable ili pomwepo yemweyo kumbuyo-bwino.

wokwera chipangizo

Mu njira yolusa mwamphamvu kukhazikika malo a pachikuto cha wolandirayo wachibale mbiya, amene amalenga njira zina ntchito ZOWONJEZERA. N'zotheka kuti atsogolere ntchito yowonjezera, wolandirayo chivundikiro kuimaliza kukonza Picatinny njanji (likupezeka kuchokera pansi ndi mbali ya mkono ndi chipinda mpweya).

Ndi thandizo lawo, "flick wa dzanja la" latsopano "Kalashnikov" AK-12 kwasanduka Launcher ndi grenade. Pansi bulaketi foregrip akhoza Ufumuyo osiyanasiyana launchers grenade 40 mamilimita GP 25 "Moto" (kwa chiwonongeko cha mphamvu amoyo kwa mdani), 40 mm GP 30 "Obuvka" chifukwa likuomba shrapnel caseless zipolopolo, 40 mamilimita bwino (wopanda misfire) GP 34.

bwino cholinga

Kukweza nthunzi basi adzatenge wokometsedwa bwino mbali chikusuntha njira, pazipita ntchito mabuleki kuipanikiza - zonsezi ndi njira yayifupi anabweretsa latsopano kumenya mfuti pa ntchito lofanana ndi automatics moyenera (AK-107).

Kalashnikov AK-12 yatenganso bwino ulusi kuchotsa ndi khomo, amene amakhudza zabwino magawo molondola.

Tanena kale mu izi limagwirira Nkhani luso choyambitsa. Ife kuwonjezera kuti amalola kukwaniritsa mlingo wa ntchito pamene kuwombera ndi kudula-kuchokera zipolopolo 1000 pa mphindi, ndi queues - 600. (chifukwa nthawi yomweyo). The kusintha kwa modes kuwombera wapangidwa asanatenge maso awo pamaso tsamba muvi. Pamaso lophimba mosavuta ukufika chala chanu, tilimbikire choyambitsa. gulu limeneli ndi losavuta, mwamsanga anabweretsa automatism.

Latsopano AK-12, chifukwa Mzere zatchulidwazi, anapindula kuthekera zida yolusa likukhudza lolondola kuwombera: mitundu yonse ya zowoneka (kuwala Mwachitsanzo, ACOG a, collimator, usiku, mawotchi), laser designators ndi nyali mwatsatanetsatane. Yolondola kuwombera komanso zabwino bwanji kuwonjezeka akuonadi kutalika ndi kuchotsa pamaso kumbuyo kumbuyo.

makhalidwe a karate

Zida AK-12 (V m'badwo Russian kumenya mfuti) ali ndi makhalidwe luso mlingo lonse (onani. Table 1).

makhalidwe nkhondowo	zizindikiro
Likungosonyeza, mamilimita	5,45 mpaka 39; 5,56 45 7,62 mpaka 39; 7,62 pa 51 NATO
mtundu Mtsogoleri	Gasi kubwereketsa, ndi makina vavu
kutalika
AK-12, onani	110 - adjoin mpeni; mbuyo - 94,5; Mbuyo chachotsedwa - 72,5
Njovu, onani	41,5
Kulemera, ga	3300 (palibe masitolo)
AK-12 makhalidwe mfuti
Luso yowotcha, akatemera pa mphindi	Queues - 600; cutoff - 1000
AK-12, makhalidwe a mphamvu nkhondowo (makatiriji mu zidutswa)	Classic Plommer AK (30); 4 mzere bokosi magazini (60); Drum (95)
Kuipanikiza mathamangidwe (koyamba)	0,9 km / m
Kugwiritsa. Zipangizo. mtunda	0,6 Km
Zipangizo mzere (mm)	Pamaso sectored ophatikizana - 414 mamilimita Panja diopter - 583 mamilimita

Kuyerekezera ndi NATO-vskimi kumenya mfuti

Kamodzi ankalamulira panali chithunzi cha AK-12, mfundo imeneyi yomweyo anakweza kumveka ndithu, ambiri adafuna makhalidwe ake takambirana. Pambuyo zinaonekeratu kuti kupangidwa watsopano analenga dziko kalasi zida kakang'ono basi. Izo zinasonyeza kuti mpikisano woyenera mfuti kumenya wa kutsogolera mayiko gulu NATO. Mawu otsiriza imatsimikizirika otsatirawa yeniyeni poyerekeza tebulo.

Table 2. Kuyerekezera Russian AK-12 ndi m'munsi mwa zida NATO zodziwikiratu

	Italy	United States	Germany	Austria	Russia
	Beretta ARX 160	M16A4	HK416 14,5 "	Steyr A3 Aug	AK-12
Chaka titapeza	2009	1994	2005	2005	2014
Misa (unfilled) makilogalamu	3	3,55	3,56	3,9	3.2
Utali Dis. mbuyo, mamilimita	950	1000	950	745	940 Cha
Wolandila kutalika mamilimita	406	510	420	455	415
likungosonyeza	5,56 mamilimita 45 mamilimita	5,56 mamilimita 45 mamilimita	5,56 mamilimita 45 mamilimita	5,56 mamilimita 45 mamilimita	5,45 mamilimita mpaka 39 mamilimita
mtundu kuwombera	single	single	single	single	single
	zodziwikiratu	Odulidwa wolemera akatemera 3	zodziwikiratu	zodziwikiratu	Odulidwa wolemera akatemera 3
		zodziwikiratu			zodziwikiratu
Mlingo wa rds. / Min	700	700-950	850	680-750	650-1000
chipolopolo liwiro, Km / s (Basic.)	N / D	0,85	0,75	0,99	0,9
Zotsatira. m'tsogolo. kuwombera	0,6 Km	0,6 Km	0.4 Km	0.5 Km	0,6 Km
magazini mphamvu	makatiriji 100; zipolopolo 30	Kuyambira zipolopolo 20 100 zipolopolo; zipolopolo 30 muyezo	Kuyambira zipolopolo 20 100 zipolopolo; zipolopolo 30 muyezo	42 zipolopolo za zipolopolo; zipolopolo 30	95, 60, zipolopolo 30
pamaso Basic	pamaso ndi lotsegula	diopter pamaso	diopter pamaso	Kuwala pamaso 1.5X	Variable diopter kuona. kapena lotseguka
The akuonadi kuphatikana	PL. Picatinny	PL. Picatinny	PL. Picatinny	PL. Picatinny	PL. Picatinny
wokhomeredwa grenade		M203	HK AG36	M203	GP 25, 30,34

Monga Tingaone tebulo, ambiri a magawo patsogolo mpikisano mu AK-12. Kaperekedwe zida Russian kwambiri mosalekeza.

Revaluation mmikono Russian mwatsatanetsatane nkhondowo ntchito AK

Inu mwina anaona Tri-mode kuwombera AK-12 (Photo zida m'nkhani kuonetsa ndalezo-selector lophimba). Chifukwa chiyani? Choyamba - ndi kusintha mu malingaliro a nkhondowo ntchito yatsopano "Kalashnikov". Soviet sayansi asilikali kupeza kwa zaka zambiri yowotcha ndi Kasupe wa moto ankaona view zazikulu za makina. Maganizo olakwika mpaka posachedwapa chinayambira ku Soviet chakale mabuku kuwombera. Makamaka wobadwa wakumvera, ndi AK ndi AKM. Iye akhapidziwa kuti njira kulenga kachulukidwe mkulu wa moto, choncho, pazipita ndende ya firepower.

Mmodzi wa ŵa asayansi Russian m'munda wa mfuti SERGEY Borisovich Monetchikov mu ntchito yake zafotokozedwa ndi wolungama kuona bwinobwino za nkhaniyi.

Choyamba tiyeni tione zinthu koyamba kumene udindo kuganiza sayansi asilikali. Izi zida msilikali. N'zoonekeratu kuti ndi woperewera zinthu cholinga ndithu. Msilikali, zida ndi mfuti, akhoza kubweretsa pa podwala ndi munthu pazipita masitolo 8-10. Choncho, chiyembekezo cha "angalankhule" yake pa chiyambi cha nkhondo ndikutsutsa onse kukhazikitsa msilikali nkhondowo ntchito, ndi kupulumuka nkhondo chimodzimodzi. Kuwonjezera pa mfundo imeneyi, m'pofunika kuganizira chinthu cha kutentha chida. Pamene kuwombera Kasupe wa mnjira zambiri kwambiri. Mwauchidakwa usavutike zida "kubwezera" Muvi otsika molondola. Pankhani ya nkhondo mu chatsekedwa buku (m'nyumba) kuwombera bursts zinadzala ndi sizimadziwika zophukiranso kwa kuwombera wakupha. Genius dzina lake Aleksandr Vasilevich Suvorov anali ndi mwamtheradi zolondola, asilikali kuphunzitsa "kuteteza katiriji." Mfundo imeneyi, ndithudi, osati moyo wa kuwomberako kuthamanga adani anazindikira zida ankaona. Kenako m'nkhani ino tikambirana mfuti ya machenjerero latsopano "Kalashnikov".

kuwombera single

Mu kutali pfu mu aone zabwino adalipo kuwombera makatiriji umodzi. Tisaiwale kuti nkhondo sachiza applicable mu-mukapeza njira ya kumenya chandamale dera kuphimba izo zipolopolo angapo. In-mukapeza ndi malo chete mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito njira ya aiming "mu mwendo kumanzere," kapena kutsatira diso kwa cholinga. Pamene zinthu nkhondowo asilikali pali anatsindika chimene dulls molondola, mmene kutopa thupi, zodzitetezera, etc. Kuwombera queues pa nthawi yomweyo - owonjezera kanthu.

Zodabwitsa ndizakuti optionally mosamala cholinga iliyonse kuwombera umodzi. Bwino kutsimikiziridwa ndi wothawa umodzi kuwombera, osati opangidwa pansi scrupulous aiming, ndi kaphatikizidwe ntchentche ndi cholinga. AK-12 pankhaniyi yabwino kwambiri. yowotcha wake yosalala limagwirira pambuyo kuwombera pafupifupi amatenga cholinga pa chandamale, pamene achititsa kuti dzuwa la zina wothawa nyale umodzi.

Kuwombera mu Kasupe lalifupi

Mtundu wa moto ntchito mu koyamba siteji kutali nkhondo pamene zinthu osauka aone (usiku, utsi, anzeru obiriwira). Pa zinthu izi, gawo loyamba la kuwombana mdani si nthawi zonse bwino kumene kwenikweni. Mothandizidwa ndi bursts watanthauzo lalifupi anabala "fumble" mdani.

Ndiye gunman akupitiriza yowotcha limodzi pa nthawi imodzi malo kuzindikiridwa mdani. Pali njira ina. Kasupe wa zipolopolo 6-8 zipolopolo kuchokera abisalire ndi asilikali mdani ili mu gawo woona mfuti. Choncho moto anafika kachulukidwe pazipita ndi moyenera, ntchito kuwonongeka yayikulu kwa mdani. Mlingo wa AK-12 zipolopolo 600/1000 angathandize kugwira utumwi zimenezi.

kuwombera cutoff

Msilikali moto, kukhala mu statics ndi mphamvu. Zikatero, iye ali kuwombera, ndi osakhazikika. Izi zikachitika pazipita Mwachangu mode cutoff. Komanso, kwa AK-12, bwino kutsimikiziridwa bwino hule: thunthu si pangozi kukhala anatembenuka-ndi, kuwonjezera, akwaniritsa molondola wabwino.

Kuwombera bursts yaitali

Mtundu wa kuwombera ntchito poukira, ngati zinthu zochepa ricochet zipolopolo. Nthawi zambiri, nkhondo sindikudziwa kumene kubisala kuteteza mdani. Kuwombera bursts yaitali amalola kuti n'chongoletsa ndi (mwina yochepa, m'pofunikanso) si dontho, ndipo nthawi yomweyo - mkati wina kuchuluka kwa danga.

Pomaliza

The watsopano Kalashnikov kumenya mfuti AK-12 - kwambiri m'Matchalitchi pa mlingo munthu wa m'badwo zopangidwa ndi makampani Russian chitetezo.

Chodalirika ndi zina zamakono zida anatsimikizira kuwasindikiza KB Kalashnikov. Komabe, mphamvu kwambiri makhalidwe ake kumenyana angatchedwe malo amodzi okha. Mphamvu za ntchito AK-12 (chithunzi msilikali yowotcha kutsogolera supra.), M. E. nkhondowo Zake mogwira akuwonetseredwa mu aloyi Magwiridwe ndi luso la anthu ogwira ntchito. Kuti tichite zimenezi, sibwino Chinsinsi osaphedwa mu mukapeza ndi kuwombera kokoka, ndi zofewa awo kaphatikizidwe, asilikali sitima. Iye ayenera kukhala osati molondola moto, koma m'pofunika kuti zosiyanasiyana mwanjira kuwombera "Kalashnikov", malingana ndi maonekedwe a zinthu nkhondo.