Roman Goncharova "The kulumphira": mwachidule ndi mbiri ya

Roman Goncharova "wosweka" - ndi gawo lachitatu ndi womaliza wa trilogy wotchuka, amene mulinso buku "Wamba Nkhani" ndi "Oblomov". Mu ntchito iyi, wolemba anapitiriza polemic wake ndi maganizo a Socialist-zaka zao za sikisite. Wolemba nkhawa chilakolako cha anthu ena kuti asiye ngongole, chikondi, kusiya banja lake ndi kupita ku boma kuti tsogolo lowala anthu onse. nkhani zimenezi mu 1860s inkachitika pafupipafupi. Roman Goncharov "amafuula" za breakage nihilists makolo zikulumikizana, imene Palibe siyenera. Mbiri ndi chidule cha ntchito imeneyi ayankhidwa m'nkhaniyi.

kamangidwe

Roman Goncharova "The kulumphira" analengedwa pafupifupi zaka makumi awiri. Ganizo buku anabwera kuchokera wolemba mu 1849, pamene Iye anapita mbadwa zake Simbirsk. Ivan Alexandrovich kukumbukira kumeneko ubwana wanga. Iye ankafuna kuti apange zochitika za ntchito yatsopano wokondedwa Volga mitunda. Choncho anayamba mbiri ya chilengedwe. "Open" Goncharova, azungu silinakwaniritsidwe akuyendera pa pepala. Mu 1862, Ivanu Aleksandrovichu nawo mwayi kukumana pa bwato ndi munthu chidwi. Zinali wojambula - chikhalidwe odzipereka ndi mopanda. Iye kusintha mosavuta mapulani moyo, nthawi zonse iye anakhalabe wamndende wa m'maganizo mwake kulenga. Koma izi sizinamulepheretse kudutsa chisoni anthu ena kuthandiza pa nthawi yoyenera. Ukatha msonkhano uno, Goncharov nalo lingaliro kulenga buku za mmisiri, zovuta wake luso chikhalidwe. Choncho, pang'onopang'ono pa gombe kwabasi wa Volga, panabuka nkhani ya ntchito wotchuka.

buku

Goncharov nthawi nkhaniyi nthawi owerenga ena nkhani za buku yosatha. Mu 1860, mu "Contemporary" mankhwala mpukutu linasindikizidwa pansi udindo "Sofia Nikolaevna Belovodova". Chaka chotsatira mu "Mfundo za Lathu" anaonekera Mitu iwiri zambiri kuchokera Romana Goncharova "Open" - "Chithunzicho" ndi "Agogo". Final stylistic ntchito younikanso kakusintha ku France mu 1868. Baibulo wonse wa buku la linasindikizidwa mu 1869 lotsatira mu magazini "Herald of Europe". buku osiyana ntchito linasindikizidwa mu miyezi ingapo. Goncharov limatchedwa "Open" ankakonda mwana wa m'maganizo mwake, ndipo anamuuza malo apadera ntchito zake zolembalemba.

Chifanizo cha m'Paradaiso

Roman Goncharova "The kulumphira" imayamba ndi kufotokoza khalidwe chachikulu cha ntchito. Izi Rayskiy Boris Pavlovich - njonda kuchokera m'banja lolemera lolemera. Iye amakhala ku St. Petersburg, pamene kasamalidwe thumba Berezhkova Tatiana Markovna (wachibale). Mnyamata maphunziro University, anayesa dzanja lake pa asilikali ndi ntchito ya boma, koma kulikonse anakumana kukhumudwa. Kumayambiriro wa Romana Goncharova "Tsegulani" Paradaiso pang'ono pa makumi atatu. Ngakhale m'badwo wamakhalidwe, iye "anali afesedwa chilichonse, samagwedeza." Boris Pavlovich amatsogolera moyo wopanda mavuto ambiri, osachita ntchito iliyonse. Komabe, mwa chirengedwe anapatsa ndi "nthethe Mulungu." Iye ali talente chabwino cha chithunzicho. Paradaiso ndi malangizo a abale anaganiza kudzipereka kwa luso. Komabe banal ulesi kumuteteza kudziletsa actualization. Ndi mtundu wa moyo, m'manja ndi n'zaka, Boris Pavlovich amafuna azinyadira zilakolako kwambiri momuzungulira. Mwachitsanzo, akufuna "kukamuukitsa moyo" mu msuwani wake lakutali, akazi okongola Sophia Belovodovoy. kwa ntchito, iye amaganiziranso yopuma wake nthawi zonse St. Petersburg.

Sophia Belovodova

Msungwana - yosonyeza ziboliboli wamkazi. Ngakhale kuti zachitika kukwatiwa, iye sadziwa moyo. mkazi anakulira Nyumbayi yapamwamba, nsangalabwi ake chimwambo amatikumbutsa kumanda. maphunziro anamira ake "chosalimba achibadwidwe maganizo." Ndi ozizira, okongola ndi kugonjera zodzachitika m'tsogolo - kupitiriza maonekedwe, ndi kupeza nokha izi chipani yabwino. Azinyadira chilakolako mwa mkazi uyu - ndi wokondedwa loto la Paradaiso. Iye analemba chithunzi chake, zikubweretsa kukambirana naye nthawi yaitali pa za moyo ndi mabuku. Komabe, Sophia amakhalabe ozizira ndi kosakhozeka kufikako. Iwo amaonetsera chithunzi cha nkhope ya chikoka cha kuwala wolumala moyo Ivan Goncharov. "Open" ikusonyeza mmene chisoni, pamene chachibadwidwe "kulamulira kwa mtima" ndi nsembe msonkhano ambiri amavomereza. Paradaiso luso ankafuna kutsitsimutsa nsangalabwi chosungunula ndi kuwonjezera kwa iwo ndi "kulingalira munthu" amalephera momvetsa chisoni.

akuzigawo Russia

Mu gawo loyamba la buku la anayamba owerenga ndi zochita zosiyana Goncharov malo. "Wosweka", mwachidule amene akambidwa m'nkhani ino akupereka chithunzi cha Russia zigawo. Pamene Boris Pavlovich adza kwa phwiti kumudzi pa tchuthi wakumana kumeneko msuwani wake - Tatiana Markovna, amene pazifukwa zina, wotchedwa agogo. Ndipotu, ndi amoyo ndi mkazi wokongola kwambiri wa zaka makumi asanu. Iwo amakhala m'zochitika zonse za chuma ndipo amaweramutsa awiri wamasiye atsikana: Chikhulupiriro ndi Marfenku. Apa owerenga woyamba nawo ndi mfundo cha "kutsegula" mu tanthauzo lake lenileni. Malinga ndi nthano wamba, pansi pa bwalo lomwe lili chigwa chachikulu kamodzi mwamuna nsanje kupha mkazi ndi mnzake, kenako anadzipha yekha. Kudzipha ngati anaikidwa pa powonekera. Aliyense ali mantha kukaona malo awa.

Kupita ku Robin kachiwiri, Edeni ankaopa kuti pali "si moyo, kukula anthu" ndipo palibe kayendedwe ka lingaliro. Ndi cholakwika. Izo zinali mu Russia akuzigawo anapeza zilakolako zachiwawa ndi sewero weniweni.

Moyo ndi chikondi

Yapamwamba chiphunzitso mu 1960 nihilists mikangano "Tsegulani" Goncharova. Analysis wa mankhwala limasonyeza kuti ngakhale mu kapangidwe ka buku la limafotokoza mikangano imeneyi. Izo ziri zodziwika bwino, kuchokera amazionera a Socialists, dziko lolamulidwa ndi kulimbana kalasi. Polina Karpova images, Marina Ulyany Kozlovoy wolemba zikutsimikizira kuti moyo amasuntha chikondi. Si nthawi zonse amakhala abwino ndi chilungamo. Savely sedate munthu kugwa m'chikondi ndi wosadziletsa Marina. A kwambiri ndi lolondola Leonty Kozlov amatengeka mkazi wake mng'oma kanthu. Mphunzitsi Paradaiso mosadziwa akulengeza kuti zonse zofunikira pa moyo ndi mu mabuku. Ndi cholakwika. Nzeru komanso kuchoka mbadwo akulu kwa wamng'ono. Ndipo yang'anani pa izo - ndi kumvetsa kuti dziko zambiri zovuta kuposa zikuoneka pa koyamba. Ichi ndi cholinga mu Paradaiso buku: ndi zachilendo matsenga mu miyoyo ya anthu kumuyandikira.

Marfenka

Awiri otchulidwa osiyana kwambiri ndi owerenga Goncharov. "Wosweka", mwachidule zomwe osachepera amapereka lingaliro la buku, koma simungathe kuona mozama zonse za mankhwala zonse, choyamba kutiuza kuti Marfenkoy. Mtsikanayu yosavuta ana. Zikuoneka kuti Boris Pavlovich walukidwa kuchokera ku "mtundu, kuwala, kutentha ndi mtundu wa kasupe." Marfenka amakonda ana kwambiri komanso ndi mtima wonse awo onse zisangalalo za amayi. Mwina bwalo lake zofuna ndi yopapatiza, koma si monga kutsekedwa monga "chingolopiyo" Sophia Belovodovoy dziko. Iye amadziwa zambiri zimene mkulu Boris Mukhozanso: bwanji kukula rye ndi Mapila, ngati mukufuna nkhuni kumanga kanyumba. Pomaliza, Edeni amadziwa kuti "kukhala" wosangalatsa ndi wanzeru chilengedwe cha analikodi, ndi wankhanza. Zimenezi zimathandiza agogo ake.

chikhulupiriro

Vera - mtundu chosiyana zachilengedwe wamkazi. Ndi msungwana maganizo mwapang'onopang'ono, wotsimikizika, anatsimikiza mtima kufufuza. Goncharov mosamala amakonzekera maonekedwe a heroine lapansi. Choyamba, Boris Pavlovich amamva ndemanga kokha za izo. Onse yosonyeza chikhulupiriro ngati kwapadera: iye amakhala yekha m'nyumba anasiya, iye si mantha kupita pansi kwa "zoopsa" chigwa. Ngakhale maonekedwe ake Wobisa mwambi. Zilibe mizere tingachipeze powerenga ndi rigor za "magetsi ozizira" Sophia, akusowa ana Marfenki mpweya wa kutsitsimuka, koma pali chinsinsi, "nevyskazyvayuschayasya yomweyo chithumwa." Edeni akufuna kudutsa ufulu wachibale wa moyo wa Chikhulupiriro anakumana ndi kukana. "Kukongola ali ndi ufulu ulemu ndi ufulu" - iye anati.

Agogo ndi Russia

Mu gawo lachitatu ntchito pa fano la agogo anga tikunena kumvetsera konse kwa wowerenga Goncharov Ivan Aleksandrovich. "Kulumphira" Tatiana atamukoka Markovna monga autumwi kukhudzidwa woyang'anira maziko akale anthu. Iye - kugwirizana zofunika kwambiri mu analamula maganizo a buku la. Wolemba agogo anasonyeza imperious, wamphamvu, ndiwofatsa gawo la Russia. zophophonya zake ndi mmene anthu a mbadwo wake. Ngati tikana iwo, owerenga limaoneka "wachikondi ndi wofatsa" mkazi mosangalala ndiponso mwanzeru kusamalira "Ufumu pang'ono" - phwiti m'mudzimo. Ndi apa kuti Goncharov amaona mwiniwake wa m'paradaiso padziko lapansi. Munda palibe atakhala mozungulira, ndipo aliyense akutenga zimene akufuna. Komabe, kulipira nkhani zawo tilakwitse. Chotero tsoka, mwachitsanzo, kuyembekezera Savely, amene Tatiana Markovna watsimikiza kukwatira Marina. Chilango amakumana ndi nthawi ndipo Faith.

Kwambiri choseketsa ndi yanthaŵi imene agogo kuchenjeza ana awo kusamvera kwa makolo, afika mukumulalikira buku ndi umakonza kumangiriza kuwerenga phunziro kwa mabanja. Pambuyo pake, ngakhale kugonjera Marfenka limasonyeza willfulness ndi analongosola wakhala zimakupiza Vikentiev. Tatiana Markovna zindikirani kenako kuti chinachake kuchokera imene anachenjeza unyamata wake, iwo onse panthawi imodzi yomweyo m'munda ndipo anachita. Agogo kudziletsa kwambiri, imaseka njira zake zosamveka maphunziro, "Si onse amene ntchito kwa iwo, miyambo zakale izi!"

mafani chikhulupiriro

Kwa buku la, Boris Pavlovich mobwerezabwereza kusonkhanitsa disassemble sutukesi wanu. Ndipo nthawi iliyonse chidwi ndi wovulazidwa kunyada anamuletsa. Iye akufuna kuthetsa chinsinsi cha chikhulupiriro. kusankha ake ndi ndani? Zikanakhalira admirer ake kwa nthawi yaitali Tushin Ivan Ivanovich. Iye ndi munthu wopambana matabwa wamalonda malonda, personifying ndi Goncharov "latsopano" Russia. Mu chikhalidwe chake anamanga Chisumbu nurseries ndi masukulu a ana wamba, anakhazikitsa nthawi yochepa, ndi zina zotero. Mwa wamba ndi Ivan yekha woyamba wantchito. Tanthauzo la chithunzi ichi pa nthawi ndi kumvetsa m'Paradaiso.

Komabe, monga wowerenga amaphunzira ku gawo lachitatu la buku, mtumwi osankhidwa chikhulupiriro nihilistic makhalidwe Mark Volohov. M'tawuni za iye kuti zinthu zoopsa: akulowa m'nyumba pawindo yekha, amalipira konse ngongole ndiponso ukafunafuna mkulu wa agalu apolisi. Mbali yabwino ya umunthu wake - ufulu, kunyada ndi ubwenzi abwenzi. maganizo Nihilistic ngati Goncharov atakwatirana ndi zenizeni m'moyo Russian. Author amakankhira mu Volokhova kunyazitsa miyambo yakaleyo, khalidwe zolaula komanso kulalikira ufulu kugonana.

Konstantinov M'malo mwake, umalakalaka kwambiri munthu uyu. Mu dialogues a m'nkhaniyi inachokera pa chinthu chimodzi. Idealist ndi zinthu zakuthupi mofanana kutali kwenikweni, kokha Paradaiso watero yokha pamwamba pa izo, ndipo Volohov amayesetsa kupita pansi mmene ndingathere "m'munsi". Iye akudziika ndi kuthekera chikondi chidwi ku zachilengedwe, kuli nyama. Mu amati ndi Mark ali chinachake bestial. Goncharov "The kulumphira" akusonyeza kuti Volohov akukumbutsa iye imvi nkhandwe.

Kugwa Chikhulupiriro

mphindi ino ndi zotsatira za gawo lachinayi ndi buku lonse. Pano, "lotseguka" chimaimira uchimo, pansi, hade. Chikhulupiriro Choyamba akufunsa kuti Paradaiso kumulola iye mu chigwa, ngati amamva kuwombera kumeneko. Koma ndiye amayamba kumenya m'manja mwake, ndipo analonjeza kuti ayankhulane ndi Mark adzakhala omaliza ake, amalephera ndipo athaŵila. Iye sanali kunama. kusankha kusiya - ziri zolondola mwamtheradi ndi zoona, anthu chikondi alibe tsogolo, koma kusiya, Chikhulupiriro akutembenukira ndipo amakhala ndi Volokhov. Oumba ankafotokozedwa kodi sanamvebe buku okhwima m'ma 19 - kugwa kwa heroine wake wokondedwa.

ngwazi lithandize

Mu gawo lachisanu, wolemba limasonyeza chitunda cha Chikhulupiriro "yopuma" watsopano, mfundo nihilistic. Pochita zimenezi, zimathandiza Tatiana Markovna. Iye amadziwa kuti tchimo mdzukulu ingaombole kokha kupyolera kulapa. Ndipo iwo amayamba "kuyendayenda agogo ndi chimtolo cha masautso." Osati chikhulupiriro anada nkhawa. Iye amaopa kuti ndi chisangalalo ndi mtendere mdzukulu wa phwiti kusiya moyo ndi bwino. ophunzira onse a buku la mboni zimene zinachitika kudutsa mayeretsedwe moto kuvutika. Tatiana Markovna kenako anazindikira mdzukulu wake kuti achinyamata tchimo ndi sakulapa kwa Mulungu. Iye akukhulupirira kuti tsopano Chikhulupiriro ayenera kukhala "agogo", kusamalira phwiti ndipo amadzipereka kwa anthu. Tuszyn, nsembe zawo kudzidalira, ndi kukumana ndi Volokhov ndipo anamuuza kuti iye salinso ankafuna kumuona. Mark amayamba kuzindikira kuzama kwa zolakwa zake. Iye anabwerera ku usilikali kuti ndiye umasamutsidwa ku Caucasus. Paradaiso anaganiza kudzipereka kwa chosema. Iye akumverera mphamvu ya wojambula waukulu ndipo amaganiza kuti kukhala ndi luso lawo. Chikhulupiriro akuyamba achire ndi kumvetsa phindu lenileni la maganizo a anakumana ndi Tuszyn ake. Aliyense wa buku mu nkhani yomaliza afika mwayi kusintha tsogolo lawo ndi kuyamba moyo watsopano.

A chithunzi chenicheni cha maganizo ndi miyambo ya lolemera Russian m'ma 19 m'ma, utoto mu buku "The kulumphira" Goncharov. Reviews otsutsa mabuku amanena kuti wolemba analenga mwaluso woona wa Russian zimathandizadi prose. M'mbuyo pa zosakhalitsa ndi wosatha ndi othandizanso. Aliyense ayenera kuwerenga buku limeneli oyambirira. Kuŵerenga!