Opukutidwa zotayidwa ndi manja awo: momwe zipangizo, zipangizo

Zotayidwa ndi zitsulo ndi zofewa. mankhwala aliwonse kuchokera m'kupita wotaya mawonekedwe ake pachiyambi, amaoneka olema, oxides ndi, mankhwala chimazilala. Ngati mukufuna kupereka zinthu zakale mtundu watsopano, sitiyenera opukutidwa zotayidwa. Kuti tichite zimenezi, imodzi mwa njira zotsatirazi zikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito:

• electropolishing;
• mankhwala kupukuta;
• kukongoletsa etching.

njira zotayidwa kupukuta: njira mankhwala

Njira imeneyi ndi wochezeka, yosavuta mwachilungamo mwamsanga. N'zotheka kuzindikira, ndi zitsulo asidi zosagwira, umene kupanga maziko a kupukuta kusamba. Ngati buku la ntchito ndi ochepa, n'zotheka ntchito crucibles zopangidwa zadothi. chidebe ladzala ndi yankho asidi:

• sulfuric;
• nitric;
• Phosphoric.

Zamgululi ndi adatchithisira mu njira otentha, kutentha ayenera osiyanasiyana monga 90 mpaka 120 ° C, phindu chomaliza zimadalira sukulu ya zotayidwa. N'zosavuta zotayidwa zikuchokera ayenera kukhala masekondi 30 kapena Mphindi, kubwereza kanthu za 6 zina. Pakati Mbali kuchapa komanso kufunika kwawo zonse kugwedeza.

mankhwala opukutidwa zotayidwa bwino pamene ntchito ndi ng'oma onsewo mathamangidwe. Nditamaliza mwai ngati padziko adzakhala funsani zojambulazo mkuwa. Izo ziyenera kuchotsedwa ndi rinsing pansi madzi ndi kutentha otsika. Izi zichitike mu msampha. Mu siteji yotsatira ya mankhwala kukonzedwa 30 peresenti asidi nitric.

ayamikira zina pa ntchito

Zotayidwa kupukuta mwina zichitidwe ndi njira zamchere:

• trisodium mankwala;
• ndi sodium nitrate;
• caustic koloko;
• ndi sodium nitrate.

kutentha ayenera kukhala apamwamba poyerekeza ndi njira ya m'maderawo malire ndi 120-140 ° C. Zamgululi ayenera kulimbana za 5-20 masekondi. Pamene njira imeneyi ntchito, imfa adzakhala ofanana ndi aluminium pafupifupi 8 microns okwana wosanjikiza makulidwe.

Ntchito electro-

Zotayidwa kupukuta akhoza kuchitika m'njira inanso. Choncho n'zotheka kupeza chonyezimira ndi yosalala pamwamba, ndi kuyeretsa ndi chapamwamba. Electrolytes kuti ntchito zimenezi nthawi zambiri adzalandira sulfuric acid phosphoric, zigawo zikuluzikulu zinanso kudzadalira nkhaniyo.

Electrolytes akhoza kukwaniritsa gloss nditamaliza. Pakuti ndondomeko kutentha ayenera kukhala wotsika kuposa Ngati pamwamba, malire kutentha ndi wofanana 60 90 ° C.

Kupukuta ziyenera kuperekedwa kwa mphindi 5, pamene kachulukidwe panopa akhoza kukhala wolingana 10-50 A / dm². Ndondomeko kupukuta cathodes zimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito kutsogolera, koma pali kasakaniza wazitsulo zina zofunika ntchito zosapanga dzimbiri. Kupukuta amafuna kugwiritsa ntchito duralumin kuyimitsidwa, komanso electrolyte kusamba ndi polyethylene, kutsogolera kapena PTFE processing. Muyenera konzani electrolyte zamchere, iwo ndi yotsika mtengo.

Mu ndondomeko magawo zidzakhudza zikuchokera electrolyte ndi malire kutentha zingasiyane 40 mpaka 95 ° C ndi nkhani yoipa, ndipo udzakhala kwa mphindi 3 mpaka 6, pamene kachulukidwe panopa pa anode ndi malire a 3-20 A / dm². Kusankha cathodes, faifi tambala ndi kusiyana.

NKHANI kukongoletsa etching

zotayidwa kupukuta njira kungakhale kukongoletsa. Njira imeneyi akutumikira monga subspecies wa electropolishing. kasakaniza wazitsulo zotayidwa ndi unazokotedwa ndi anodes boma phosphorous-chromium electrolyte. Pamwamba pa nkhani anapanga crystalline dongosolo lomwe lili mawonekedwe a mwake kapena chisanu. Pa ndodo anode kukacheza zonse, ndiyeno inu mukhoza kuyamba mankhwala. Mpheto ayenera idzachitika pa voteji wa 25-30 V. Mwa voteji mapeto limatuluka kuti 35-40 V, ndi anodic kachulukidwe panopa ndi wofanana ndi malire a 8-12 A / dm², pamene kutentha zimasiyana 50 80 ° C.

Pafupifupi mphindi 20 Patapita kuwonetseredwa zojambula. Ngati voteji adzayamba kuuka momasuka, tikhoza kuganiza kuti njira chokwanira. Pambuyo pa mapeto a mankhwala mpheto anasambitsidwa, komanso zouma, izo ikuchitika anodizing pa iwo. Zotayidwa ndiye wonyika mu utoto organic.

N'zofanana zotayidwa akhoza akamagwira luster wina njira ndi anodic etching wotchedwa iskritom. Kuti mankhwala pamaso ndipo pambuyo njira pansi pa kutenthetsa mankhwala pa chiwembu wapadera. Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito anodic etching "snowball", amene amalola kuti alenge matte pamwamba wothwanima.

Kodi njira ntchito bwino kunyumba

Phala kwa kupukuta ndi chimodzi mwa zida kaŵirikaŵiri ntchito kunyumba kwa kupukuta zotayidwa. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti nyimbo mankhwala virulence osiyana, amakhala oopsa kwa thanzi la munthu. Kupukuta angagwiritsidwe ntchito:

• sandpaper;
• ndikutsuka maburashi;
• lacquer;
• nsanza;
• kukonza mankhwala a mtundu wa mowa.

Posankha sandpaper Nkofunika kuti overdo ndi tirigu, chifukwa mukatero akanayenera kuti mupewe zimakhalapo. Kuonjezera avale kukana ndi gloss lacquer bwino ntchito.

Features wa kupukuta electrochemical

Electrochemical kupukuta aluminiyamu amapereka kukhazikitsa ntchito yofanana ndi makhalidwe mankhwala ndi magetsi. Malinga ndi luso ngati njira akutumikira monga mbali ya anode elekitirodi, izo chikugwirizana ndi zabwino DC kotunga gwero. Workpiece ndi nimuponye thereto panopa ayenera kumizidwa mu mgodi wodzala electrolyte. Udindo wa wachiwiri elekitirodi poyera cathodes mkuwa.

Ntchito makina kupukuta

Machine kwa kupukuta ndi njira yabwino kuti atipatse zotayidwa wa gloss pachiyambi. Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito buff mu 1000, amene yothira madzi. Siponji kapena kansalu ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa kukonzedwa madzi gawo. Komanso m'gulu kupukuta makina kusintha 1400 pa mphindi. Woteroyo mlingo kutsitsi adzataya padziko 1 m.

zotayidwa pamwamba adzakhala mkangano, madzi adzakhala asanduke nthunzi. Muyenera kukhala okonzekera chakuti bwalo adzakhala kukhomerera zotayidwa "phala". Choncho mphindi iliyonse ya makina ayenera kusiyidwa kuti muzimutsuka umene umapezeka gudumu ndi chinkhupule chonyowa pansi madzi. Kuti zimenezi zitheke, ena amisiri ntchito ochiritsira bryzgalku.

"Phala" ayenera kutsukidwa ngakhale ndi tsatanetsatane. Luster kunja, ngati inu Komanso ntchito analinso. Mbali imeneyi ndi mbali imodzi yofunika kwambiri. Iwo kudzadalira kwa icho 80% chifukwa komaliza. Anamva ayenera kuwonjezera 10 mm timati m'munsi ayenera wothira, kuthirira bryzgalku wake. Mwatsatanetsatane yothira chinkhupule achinyezi. phala ntchito kupukuta akhakula, tanthauzo lake ayenera idzachitika pa workpiece, osati bwalo.

Pomaliza

zotayidwa wopukutidwa ndi manja ake akhoza kukhala zosiyanasiyana njira, koma mmodzi wa yabwino kwambiri ndi phala. Iwo lilibe zina ammonia ndi akhoza mokoma kuyeretsa katunduyo kwa zimakhalapo ndi roughness. Ndi nyumba imeneyi n'zotheka kukwaniritsa luster pachiyambi. Wosanjikiza zoteteza kuti kukusalani oxidations maonekedwe kwa nthawi yaitali.